|
| 4.
t`ZIm[nImcw |
| |
| Xangv
sshbmIcWòmÀ t`ZIs¯ {]tXyIw Hcn\ambn KWn¡pónñ. AhcpsS aX¯nð KpWhmNI§fmb
\ma§fmWv. "sN½, sNdpa' Fóp KpWhmNI\maambn«ñmsX sNw, sNdp Fóp tIheKpWnhmNIambn«p
]Z§fnsñómWv AhcpsS hmZw. "sN¦\ð, sNdp]bdv' FónXymZn {]tbmK§fnð sN½,
sNdpa FónhIfnse a Fó Awiw tem]n¨ncn¡póp Fóv AhÀ Iev]n¡póp. Hcphn[w
t\m¡nbmð Cu hmZ¯n\p bpànbnsñópanñ. sNw, sNdp apXembh t`ZI{]IrXnIfmIpóp.
Ahsb Hcp \ma¯n\p ap³]v kamkambn«ñmsX {]tbmKn¨pIqSm. Cu ØnXn¡v kwkvIrX¯nse
\nXykamk§fnepÅ ]qÀÆ]Z§fpsS Øm\amWhbv¡v. kzX{´{]tbmKm\Àlamb i_vZw F§s\
]ZamIpw? {]Xyb§sf¡mÄ F´p hntijamWhbv¡pÅXv? sN½, sNdpa Fóv Xòm{XX²nXw
AXpIfnð\nópïmIpópïv; kamk¯nð ]qÀÆ]Zambn \nóv Hcp KpWnsb Ipdn¡pópapïtñm
Fóp tNmZn¡póXmbmð \maIrXnIÄ¡pw Cu amXncn {]tbmKw hcmdpïv; AXpIsfbpw
At¸mÄ t`ZIsaóp ]dtbïnhcpsaóp Xct¡Sphcpóp."\ndIpSw', "s]mòe' Fóp kamk§fnð
]qÀÆ]Z§Ä apdbv¡p IrXnbpw \mahpañtbm? AXpIÄ ]qÀÆ]Zambn \nópwsImïv D¯c]Zamb
\mas¯ hntijn¸n¡póXpt]msebñmsX F´p hntijamWv "sN¦\ð', "sNdp]bdv' CXymZnIfnepw?
sNhó I\ð, sNdnb ]bdv Fónhbv¡v kzX{´{]tbmKhpapïtñm FómWv C\n tNmZysa¦nð
AXn\p thsd kam[m\apïv. "sNhó', "sNdnb' Fónh t]sc¨cq]§fmWv; AXpsImïv
Ah IrXnIfmbnt¸mbn. |
| |
| Fómð
CsXñmw shdpw apd«phmZamWv. kzX{´ambmse´v? ]cX{´ambmse´v? sNw, sNdp
apXembh KpWnhmNI§fñtbm? kzX{]tbmKmÀlXzwIqSn ]Ze£W¯nð DÄs¸Sp¯Wsaóptïm?
Añ, kzX{´Xzw IWniambn«p t\m¡pIbmsW¦nð \maIrXnIÄ¡pw hmIykvt^mS]£¯nð
kzmX{´yaptïm Fóp tNmZn¡mw. t]sc¨ cq]w hóXpsImïd sNhó, sNdnb apXembh
Hcn¡epw IrXnIfmIpóXpañ; IrXn{]IrXnbmb [mXphnð t]sc¨¯n\p sN¿pó {]Xybhpw
{]{InbbpwXsóbmWv t`ZI{]IrXnIfnepw Fóp hccptXm? thWsa¦nð Hcp]SnIqSn
ISóv t]sc¨wXsó IrXnIfnð\nóp P\n¡pó t`ZIamsWópIqSn t\scadn¨p hmZn¡mw.
hmkvXh¯nð t]sc¨w \mas¯ hntijn¸n¡pó IrXnbmWtñm. KpWZzmcm Añ {InbmZzmcm
BWv hntijn¸n¡póXv Fóp am{Xta t`ZapÅp. KpWw Fó Awis¯ t`ZI¯nsâ e£W¯nð
A´À`hn¸n¨n«mhiyhpanñ. hntijn¸n¡póXv KpWs¯tbm {Inbsbtbm ]pckvIcn¨mhmw
Ftó DÅp. KpW{InbIsf Iq«nt¨À¯v Hómbn {Kln¡póXn\p "[À½w" Fó ]Zs¯ thWsa¦nð
D]tbmKn¡bpw sN¿mw. t]sc¨w t]cn\pw, hn\sb¨w hn\bv¡pw hntijWamsWópÅXv
k½Xnt¨ Xocp; hntijWambn¯ocpó AhØbnepw AXpIÄ X§Ä¡pÅ {Inbm[À½s¯ Dt]£n¡pónñ
Fóp am{Xw hntijw. asämón\p IogS§nt¸mbn Fóph¨n«v kz[À½w hnSWsaónñtñm.
N{IhÀ¯n¡v IogS§pó kma´cmPmhv kzcmPy¯nð, cmPmhpXsóbmWtñm. AXpt]mse
]äphn\IÄ hntijWhmIy¯nð BJymXwXsó. km{amPys¯¸än ]dbpt¼mÄ kzX{´\ñm¯Xpt]mse
]äphn\Ifpw almhmIy¯nð ]cm{ibnIfmIpóp. AXn\mð ]Zhn`mK¯nð t`ZIw Fsómcn\w
Bhiyw Xsó. |
| |
| t`ZI¯nð
{]IrXnXm³ |
| \mamZn¡p
hntijWw; |
| t]sc¨cq]hpw
sImÅmw |
| [mXphnð
sNmóa«nte. |
| hn\sb¨¯nse
cq]w |
| {InbmKpWhntijWw. |
| A´yZznXzw
¢o_cq]þ |
| anXymZnIfpa§s\. |
| |
| \mahntijWw,
{InbmhntijWw, KpWhntijWw Fóp aqóp hIt`Z§Ä hcmatñm. AXnð {]IrXnIÄXsó
Hmtcmónópw hntijWambn \nev¡pw; \maIrXnIÄ¡p ]dªXpt]mse cq]\njv]¯nsbmópw
Bhiyanñ. {]IrXnZibnð¯só \nev¡pI \nan¯w \mahntijWambn hcpt¼mÄ hntijy§fmb
\ma§fnð \nóp ]ncn¨p {]tbmKn¡ ]Xnhnñ. ]ncn¨p {]tbmKn¡Ww Fóp hnh£n¡pó]£w
IrXnIÄ¡p t]sc¨apïm¡póXn\p sN¿mdpÅ {]Xybhpw {]{InbbpwXsó CXpIÄ¡pw;
Xpey\ymb{]Imcw hn\sb¨¯n\pÅXv {InbmhntijW§Ä¡pw hcpw. ]äphn\IfpsS cq]\njv]¯nk{¼Zmbw
tbmPn¡m¯nS¯v A´yhyRvP\¯n\p ZznXzw, \maambncpómð AXnsâ \]pwkssIIhN\cq]w
CXymZnIfpw t`ZI§sf kzX{´{]tbmKmÀl§fm¡n¯oÀ¡pw. DZm: |
| |
| sNdp |
: |
sNdp]bdv
þ {]IrXnkzcq]w þ |
kamkambn«v
þ \mahntijWw. |
| sNdnb |
: |
sNdnb
acw þ t]sc¨w |
kzX{´ambn«v
þ \mahntijWw. |
| sNäv |
: |
apJw
sNäp hnbÀ¯p þ A´yZznXzw |
kzX{´ambn«v
þ {InbmhntijWw |
| sNdpXp |
: |
apJw
sNdpXp hnb¯p þ ¢o_cq]w |
kzX{´ambn«v
þ {InbmhntijWw |
| sað |
: |
sasñ
þ apJw sasñ |
} |
\Sphn\sb¨w |
kzX{´ambn«v
þ {InbmhntijWw |
| |
|
hnbÀ¯p |
|
| H«p |
(1) |
H«p t\cw : |
|
|
\mahntijWw |
| |
(2) |
H«p \óv : |
|
|
KpWhntijWw |
| |
(3) |
H«p ^en¨ Imcyw: |
|
|
{InbmhntijWw |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| Bb
þ Bbn þ IÄ IqSmsX |
| tbmPn¡nñ
hn`mhIw. |
| |
| t`ZI§fnð
ip²w, \mamwKPw, {InbmwKPw Fó hn`mK§sf¸änbmWv ]qÀÆkq{X¯nð ]dªXv. {]IrXkq{Xw
"hn`mhIw' Fó C\s¯¸änbmIpóp.hn`mhIt`ZIw enwKt`Zs¯¡qSn ImWn¡póXmIbmð
AXv GItZiw \ma¯n\p XpeyamWv. hymIcWZrjvSym hn`mhIw \ma¯nsâ hIt`ZamtIïXmWv;
KpWZzmcm \ma§sfbpw {InbIsfbpw t`Zn¸n¡pIbmð, t`ZIe£W¯nð AÀ°w{]amWn¨v
CXn\v A´À`mhw hcpópshtó DÅp. ip²¯n\v F{Xt¯mfw ]mcX{´yw \nan¯w AXp
hntijyt¯mSp t\sc tbmPn¡pónñ; AXn\mð Bb, Bbn Fóv "BhpI' [mXphnsâ ]äphn\IfpsS
klmbw CXn\p thïnbncn¡póp. \mahntijWamIpt¼mÄ Bb Fó t]sc¨hpw, KpW{InbmhntijW§fmIpt¼mÄ
Bbn Fó hn\sb¨hpw at²y {]tbmKn¡Ww. DZm: |
| |
| tIaamb
kZy þ \mahntijWw |
kZy tIambn
\Sópþ {In. hn. |
| kpJamb
Dd¡w þ \mahntijWw |
Dd¡wkpJambn
hcpóp þ {In. hn. |
| |
|
| kmwJyw
apdbvs¡mcncpapþ |
| \mssebsdgpsh]Xp. |
|
| kmwJyt`ZI§sf
apdbv¡v Cu kq{X¯nð ]cnKWn¨ncn¡póp. |
| |
| 1.
Hcp |
3.
ap. |
5.
sF |
7. Fgp |
10. ]Xp |
| 2. Ccp |
4. \mð |
6. Adp |
8. F |
|
| |
|
|
|
| DZm:
Hcp IpXnc, ap¡®³, sFb¼³, Fgp]Xv, ]Xp (C³) Bbncw Ccp`mKw, \mepZn¡pIÄ,
Adp\qdp, FZni |
| |
| kzmÀ°hn{im´nkqNIamb
A\p\mknIkwkÀ¤w; Ip, Sp, Xp, dp, Fó hnhÀ¯I{]Xyb§Ä; A´yZznXzw CuhI {]{InbIÄsImïv
Cu kmJyt`Z§Ä kmwJy\ma§fmbn¯ocpóp. DZm: |
| |
| Hcp: |
H³cp
= H³cp = Hóv |
A\p\mknIkwkÀ¤w |
|
| Ccp: |
Ccv+A+Xp =
Ccïp = cïv |
A\p\mknIkwkÀ¤w |
Xp {]Xybhpw |
| aq: |
apcp = apdp
= ap³dp = apóv |
A\p\mknIkwkÀ¤w |
dp {]Xybw |
| \mð: |
\mð+Ip(eImc¯n\v
A\p\mknIw)= \m¦p |
|
Ip {]Xybhpw. |
| sF: |
sF´p = sFôp
= Aôv |
A\p\mknIhpw
Xp{]Xybhpw. |
| Adp: |
Bdp |
|
ZoÀLw. |
| Fgv: |
Ggv |
|
ZoÀLw. |
| F¬: |
F«v |
ZznXzJcmtZi§fpw |
Sp {]Xybhpw. |
| ]Xp: |
]¯v |
|
ZznXzw. |
| |
|
|
|
| CcpþCse
DImcw kwhrXamWv; AXpsImïv i_vZkzcq]w Ccv Ftó DÅp. GIam{Xambn«p ]Zw
\nópIqSm FópÅ kn²m´{]ImcamWv AXnð kwhrXw tNÀ¡póXv. Cu ^ew km[n¡póXn\v
BZykzcw \o«nbmepw aXn. AXn\mð Cucv Fópw cq]apïv. Adp, Ggp Fónhsb t\m¡pt¼mÄ
ap "apcp' FópXsó Bbncn¡Wsaóqln¸m³ hIbpïv. IÀ®mSI¯nse cq]hpw A§s\Xsó;
Xangvaebmf§fnð cp tem]n¨Xmbncn¡mw. \m¦p Fó icnbmb \macq]w aebmf¯nð
"]Xnóm¦p' Fó NXpÀ±ioXnYnkwÚbnepw "Ccp\ms¦«v' CXymZn FNphSnIfnepw am{Xta
D]tbmKn¡mdpÅq; aäpÅnS¯p \mð Fó t`ZIcq]wXsó \S¸mbn. sF¼Xp sFªqdp CXymZnIfnð
t`ZImhØbnepw A\p\mknItbmKw GÀs¸«ncn¡póp. "sF´p' Fó Xangnse sFImcw
"Aôv' FóXnð¯só AImcambn«p amdnt¸mbXn\mð A³]Xv, Aªqdv Fóv Fgp¯nð hn[w
amdnt¸mbn. "sXm®qdv', sXmÅmbncw' cïnsâbpw Omb t\m¡pt¼mÄ H³]Xp "sXm]Xv'
Bbncn¡Wsaóp sXfnbpóp; sXep¦nð "sXm½nZn' Fóp XImcw ImWpópapïv. sXmÄ
Fó {]IrXn¡p "ap³' FómWÀ°w. At¸mÄ ]¯n\p ap³]net¯Xp = sXm]Xp (=H³]Xv)
FóÀ°hpw tbmPn¡pópïv. "]Xp' A´yZznXzw sImïv Ffp¸¯nð ]¯mbns¡mÅpw. ]Xns\móv,
]Xn½qóv, ]Xnómev CXymZnIfnð C³ AwKkwkvImcw hcpóp. Ccp]Xv, ap¸Xv CXymZnIfnð
kamkw sImïv i_vZw \ofpóXn\mð "Ccp]¯v' Fóv A´yZznXz¯nsâ Bhiyanñ. ]{´ïnð
]Xpþhn\p ]Icw "]´v' FómWv {]IrXn. CXn Ccp]mt\gv (27) Fópw aäpw sN´angnð
ImWpó ]m³ FóXnð _e¯n\pthïn XImcw tNÀ¯pïm¡nbXmbncn¡Ww. CXnsâ Xsó Xancq]w
"]´ncïv' FómWtñm. |
| |
| Hóv
(emän³þD\kv), Aôv (kwkvIrXwþ]ô), F«v (kwkvIrXwþAjvS), ]¯v (kwkvIrXwþ
]wàn) Fó kwJyIÄ¡v AXmXv Bcy`mjmi_vZ§tfmSp kmayw ImWpóp. AXn\mð Cu
]Z§Ä HópaäXnð\nóp ISwhm§nbh Bbncn¡msaóp ]ecpw i¦n¨n«pïv. ISwhm§pI
Zcn{Z³ [\nI³hiamWtñm ]Xnhv. At¸mÄ {ZmhnU§Ä Bcy`mjIfnð\nóp ISwhm§n
Fóp hcWw. Fómð Cu kwKXn thïpwh®w hnNmcWsNbvXn«v [z\nkmayw ImWpóXv
tIhew bZrÑmhnemkta DÅp Fóv UmIvSÀ ImðsUzð Xocpam\n¨ncn¡póp. ]´ncïv
Fóp aebmf¯nð ]wàn i_vZw sXfnªp ImWpópsïóv KpïÀ«v {]_eambn hmZn¡póp.
Fómð ISw hm§pó ]£w sFµybqtdm]y³`mjIÄ¡p s]mXpthbpÅ Zii_vZw hn«v A\Xn{]kn²amb
]wàni_vZs¯ ssIs¡mÅm\pÅ ImcWw Fs´óp kv]jvSamIpónñ. kwkvIrX¯nð hnwiXn,
k]vXXn, \hXn CXymZnIfnse 'Xn' ]wànbpsS AhtijamsWóp Øm]n¡msa¦nð KpïÀ«nsâ
bpàn¡p _ew IqSpambncpóp. Bbncw apXð taðt¸m«pÅ DbÀó kwJyIfpsS kwÚIÄ
kwkvIrX¯nð\nóp {ZmhnUÀ FSp¯XmsWópÅXnð BÀ¡pw XÀ¡anñ. "kl{kw' DujvaXrmK¯mð
Ffp¸¯nð BbncamIpw; IÀ®mSI¯nð kmhnc Fóv BZykImcw tIÄ¡pópapïv. e£tImSnIÄ
XÕa§Ä Xsó. |
| |
| icnbmb
kwJyt`ZI§sf kamkambnt« D]tbmKn¡mdpÅp; hmIy¯nð kwJym\ma§sf¯só t`ZIambn«p]tbmKn¨phcpóp.
Hcpþhn\p am{Xw hmIy¯nepw D]tbmKapïv; Hóv FóXns\ Hcn¡epw t`ZIambn«p
{]tbmKn¡mdnñ. Bw Fó ioe`mhnt]sc¨¯nsâ tbmK¯mð kwJym\ma§fnð\nóp ]qcWnIÄ
DïmIpóXv X²nX {]IcW¯nð hnhcn¨n«pïv. |
| |
| hn`àym`mkcq]§þ |
| sfñmwXm³
t`ZI§fmw. |
| |
| hn`àym`mkcq]§sf
\ma\njv]ó§fmb t`ZI§fmbn«v KWn¡mw. \nÀt±inIsbmgnsIbpÅ hn`ànIsfñmw {Inbsbtbm
\mas¯tbm hntijn¸n¡póp; F¦nepw hn`ànIÄ \ma¯nsâ cq] t`Z§tftó hcq. hn`àym`mk§fmIs«
hn`ànsbt¸mse kmÀÆ{XnI§fñm¯Xn\mð AXpIsf \ma¯nsâ cq]m´c§fmbn«p hnNmcn¸m³
Xcanñ. |
| |
| DZm: |
| Aóv,
Cóv, A§v, C§v, AhnsS, ChnsS ({InbmhntijWw) |
| Im«nte,
ho«nte, A{X, C{X (\mahntijWw). |
|
|