Kerala Panineeyam


4. {]tbmPI{]IrXn

{]tbmPI{]IrXn Fpw tIhe{]IrXn Fpw [mXp {]IrXn F C\n cphn[w Dsp ]dphtm. AXn Ime{]ImcmZnIfn DmIp cq]t`Zw tIhe{]IrXnbn Ccnp [mXphn ]dp Ignp. {]tbmPI{]IrXnbnepw ImemZyp]m[nIsf kw_nnp cq]sfmw XpeywXs. tIhe[mXphns\ {]tbmPI{]IrXnbn Bm\p amwam{Xw \nbntXpv; AXn\mcw`npp. {]tbmPI{]IrXn DmtsXs\?

{]tbmPIw P\noSp
an, n, p {]Xybfm.

tIhe[mXphn "C', "n', "p' F aqp {]Xybfn Hp tNm {]tbmPI{]IrXnbpmIpw. C [mXphn\v CsXp taemhnthN\w sNpw. AXn\papt {]tbmPI{]IrXnbn cq]\nbn\pthn ImcnXmImcnXt`Zw ]dbpp.

C n cpw tN [mXp
shmw ImcnXamWpt]m.

C, n, p, Fv aqp {]Xybw ]dXn BZys cpw kzcmamIbm Ahbvv ImcnXmImcnXt`Zn\p hIbpv. ktlw Xom\mbnv cpw ImcnXfmsWp hn[npp. v hrRvP\mamIbm AXn Cu hn`mKn\v {]kntb C. C\n C [mXphn\v C {]Xybw Fp hnjbhn`mKw sNmw:

ImcnXn n tijn
semn\panImchpw.

tIhe{]IrXnbn ImcnXamb [mXphn\v {]tbmPIcq]w Dmm n Fp {]Xybw tNWw. tijw Fm [mXppw AImcnXambmepw icn, ImcnXt`Zanm hrRvP\mambmepw icn: C Fp {]Xybw. Fm AImcnXpw hrRvP\mpw Nne hyXykvX DSs\ {]kvXmhnpw; AXpI Hgnphbvt C {]Xybw ImWpIbpp. DZmlcWw:

ImcnXw		AImcnXw
Ifnpp	Ifnnpp	kzcmw:
tIpp	tInpp	Ifbpp	Ifbnpp
tNpp	tNnpp	]Wnbpp	]Wnbnpp
tXmpp	tXm]npp
		hrRvP\mw:
		HmSpp	HmSnpp
		sNmpp	sNmnpp

AImcnXn\v C hcpXn hyXykvXw:

C {]Xybw th, [mXp
PUIrIamhpIn,
{]tbmPImw ImWnm
ImcnXoIcWw aXn.

AImcnXv "C' F {]XybamWtm ]dXv; Fm [mXp PUIrIamsWn Fpshm, AtNX\amb PUhkvXp sNp {InbbmWv [mXphns Aw FphcnIn {]Xybw tNmsX [mXphns\ ImcnXamnbm aXn. AImcnXs ImcnXampXpsImpXs {]tbmPIns Aw P\npsImpw. DZm:

DSbpp	s]mSnbpp	Acbpp	tNcpp
DSbvpp	s]mSnpp	Acbvpp	tNpp

ChnsS DSbpI, s]mSnbpI, AcbpI, tNcpI Fmw PUhkvXp sNp {InbbmIpp. ]WnbpI, IfbpI apXembh tNX\{InbIfmIbm AXpXv "]Wnbn, Ifbn' Fv C thWw; DSbpI, s]mSnbpI apXembh AtNX\ {InbIfmIbm DSbvpI, s]mSnpI Fv {]Xybw IqSmsX Ccpm aXn.

PUIrIfmb hrRvP\mn\pw hntijw ]dbpp:

JcmtZiancnpw
hrRvP\mPUn\v

hrRvP\m[mXphpw PUIrIambm C {]Xybw th; JcmtZihpw ZznXzhpw aXn. AyhrRvP\w Ccnm {]tbmPImw DfhmIpw; B hrRvP\w A\p\mknIamsWn AXns\ s]mcpw t\mn JcampIbpw IqSn thWsaw. DZm:

aqSpp	aqpp	(tNX\IrIambm)	aqSnpp
BSpp	Bpp	''	BSnpp
appp	appp	''	apnpp
s]mpp	s]mpp	''	s]mnpp

{]tbmPyImhp Xs a\tmSpIqSntbm IqSmsXtbm {]tbmPI Imhns \n_wsImv Hcp {Inb sNptm B Imhv ktNX\s\nepw AtNX\ {]mb\mIpXn\m Aap {Inbbpw ChnsS AtNX\IrIw Xs. DZm:

XqMv Xqpp;		aSMvaSpp.

XpnmhpIbpw, aSpIbpw {]mtbW Imhn\v kXamhmXn\m Cu [mXp AtNX\ IrIXs; Cs\ AtNX\IrIXzw hnhmhpkmcnbmIbm {]tbmPy {]tbmPIt{]cW\nanw DZmko\\mbn sNp {Inbbpw Nnetm AtNX\IrIambn hnhnpamdpv. DZm:

Du¬ Dupp; Xo Xopp; Im¬ Impp; ImWnpp.

"Imnnpp, Dunnpp, ]dbnnpp, \onnpp. Ifbnnpp' CXymZn AhnhIqSmsX cpw aqpw {]tbmPI{]Xybsf Nne {]tbmKnpXp ]njvSt]jwt]mse A\mhiyIhpw s]mpt]mse A`wKnbpw BIpp. Fm,

tX tXbpp, tXbvpp, tXnpp; Imbv Imbpp, Impp; Imnpp.

CXymZn Ccn {]tbmPImw hnhnp {]tbmPIv Hcp Akm[pXzhpan. ChnsS "tXbvpp' F {]tbmPI{]Xybw htm [mXp ImcnXambnoXn\m cmaXp {]tbmPI{]Xybw sNpXv ImcnXn\p hcp n {]XybamIppshdnI.

C\n s]mXpthbp cp hyXykvXsf \ntinpp:

cefm, gm
AhfpapXn
GXm\pw [mXphn tNp
ImWpw p {]Xybw ]p\x.

c, e, f, g HmjvTyamb AImcw C{Xbpw hfn Ahkm\np [mXpfn GXm\pw NneXpImWv p F {]Xybw. CXn\p icnbmb Hcp \nbaw sNpXp eLph. p PU{]tbmPIamWv; ZznXzJcmtZip kuIcypdhp a[yamfn AXns\ D]tbmKn FmWp bpn I]ntXv.

DZm:
Xphcpp  Xphpp.		\ofpp  \o (fvp)pp.
]Icpp ]Ipp.		Dcpfpp  Dcp (fvp)pp.
AIeppAI(evp)pp.		\Spp  \Spp.
Npgepp Npg(evp)pp.		]cpp ]cpp.
hogpp  hogvpp		\npp \ndppp.
Xmgpp Xmgvpp.		Ccnpp  Ccnpp	}	hyXykvXw
		hcpp hcppp

GIam{XIambp
SdmaphntbnSpw.

Hbmb {lkykzcw am{XapXpw S Ftm d Ftm D hn Ahkm\npXpw Bb [mXpv Dhn FmWv {]tbmPI{]Xybw. CuhI [mXpsf DImcw (kwhrXw) tNv kzcmamnbnpthWw C {]Xybw sNm Fw. Cs\bp [mXppXs `qXcq]nepw hntijw ]dnpv. hyRvP\mp `qXn C FmWp {]Xybw. Chbvpam{Xw Xp {]XybamWv; AXv {]IrXyhtmSp tNp ZznXz^ehpw Impw. AXpsImv Ch kwhrXmfmtWm Fp kwibnm CSbpv. Chbvv Cs\ ]ebnSpw hyXykvXcq]w hcm\p ImcWw i_vtZmXv]n {]IcWn kv]jvSamIpw. DZm:

hnSpp	hnSphnpp	(hmsamgnbn Npcpn)	hnSopp
CSpp	CSphnpp;	''	CSopp
s]dpp	s]dphnpp;	''	s]dopp

sISpI F [mXphn\v Hcmsfn ]dbptm sISppI Fpw XosbnbmsWn sISppI Fpw BWv {]tbmPIcq]w. CXv p PmXymPU{]tbmPIamIbmemIpp.

{]tbmPI{]IrXnbnse cq]\njv]n{Iasamw hnhcnp Igntm. C\n AXns\nbp Nne knmsf hnainmw: {]tbmPIcq]sf kw_nnStmfw, [mXp tNX\IrIw, AtNX\IrIw Fp cn\ambnncnbppshp \mw Ip. AtNX\amb PUhkvXp sNp {InbbmWv [mXphns Aw Fn {]tbmPImw Ipdnm Hcp {]Xybns Bhiyan; ImcnXoIcWhpw (AImcnXn\v), ZznXzJcmtZi F ]ckw{ImnkqNIfmb hhnImcfpw (hrRvP\mv) am{Xw sNbvXm aXn. CXn\np \mw {KlntsXv? tNX\ [amWv {]tbmPIhym]mcw ; {]tbmPyImhpXsbmWv {Inb sNpXv; {]tbmPIImhv Ahs\ t{]cnnpI am{Xta sNppq. Atm {]tbmPy PU\msWn Ahs\ {]tbmPI t{]cnnpsXs\? a{n, cmPyw kzbw `cnm i\mWv. cmPmhv Ahs\ D]tZi \nb{WmZnIsImv `cW{Inbbn {]hnnm aXn. AXpsImp `cnn icnbmb {]tbmPIamWv. AXpt]mseb, "Imv acw Cfpp' FnSs "CfpI' Imp hmn\p acw X\ntb CfIpp.' FnSs CfpI' Imp hmn\p acw X\ntb Cfpp' FmsX {]tbmPI\mb Imv hcpXn sImSpbpw AXn{]Imcw {]tbmPy\mb acw {]hrnsNbvIbpw Hpw ChnsS sXfnbpn. CfpI {]tbmPIamsWn XpdpIbpw {]tbmPIamIcptXm? acn CfapmIpXn\v Imv Fp {]hrnsNptm B {]hrn IXIpw apw Xpdp BfpsS ssIbpw sNppv. CfIpI CfpI Ft]mse XpdhpI (Asn XpdIpI) XpdpI F hn[n cq]w ImWpnsp am{Xta t`Zapp. XpdpI F {Inbbvv Hcp Ins At]bpXn\m AXns\ \mw kII{Inb Fp ]dbmdpv. AXpt]mse CfpI FXns\bpw kI{Inb Fp ]dm aXnbmIpw. Imt]IqSmsX CfIpI Fp am{Xambnpw B {Inbsb ImWnmw. AXpt]mse XpdhpI Fv AIcq]w ImWpnsn AXv Hcp bZrmhnemksat hcnIbpp. AXpsImv AtNX\IrI{InbIp ]d {]tbmPIw icnbmb {]tbmPIa, AI{Inbsb kIIamm\p amsap ]dIbmWv A[nIw \v Fp hcpp. AII[mXphn {Inb Imhns hn{imambnp \nep t]mIpp; kIn AXv Imhns\hnv Intep kw{Ianpp. CXmWtm kIImIIfpsS hyXymkw. ]ckw{Imnsb kqNnnpXn\p D]mbw JcmtZihpw Ccnpw BsWv CXn\papv m]nnpv. PU{InbIfn\nv {]tbmPIw DmpXn\p amhpw Cu ZznXzJcmtZi XsbmWv ]e Znnepw. AXpsImv CfIpI Ft]mep AII[mXpv CfpI Ft]mse Hcp kIcq]w thsd Dsp ]dIbmWv bpw; AmsX Ahsb tIhe{]tbmPIIrXnIfmbnp KWnb.

Cu nXnp [mXpv cq]t`Zw hcpXn\p ]d Ime{]ImcmZnIfmb C\fpsS Iqn kIImIIt`ZsqSn Hcp ]pXnb D]m[nbmbn KWnWsap hcpp: As\ sNbvIXsbmWv \ymbw; Cu D]m[nv ItbmKw Fp t]cpw sImSpmw. kwkvIrXw apXemb Bcy`mjIfnse ]Xnh\pkcnmWv ChnsS ItbmKw F D]m[nsb {]tbmPIw F D]m[nbns DsSpnbXv. Fm Cu Awin Bcy`mjIpw {ZmhnU`mjIpw Xn hyXymkapv. kwkvIrXn "hmbp hrw NmebXn (= hmbp hrs Cfpp) Fv PU [mXphn\pw, "cmPm a{nWm cmPyw imkbXn' (= cmPmhv a{nsbsmp cmPyw `cnnpp) Fv tNX\[mXphn\pw cq]n hntijan. {ZmhnUn AXpt]mseb ; {Inb tNX\IrIamIbm ]mSnpp CXymZnt]mse C Ftm, `cnnpp Ft]mse n Ftm {]tbmPI{]Xybw thWw. AtNX\IrIn\mIs, ]ckw{Imn tZymXnnpXn\p hhnImctf Dp; GXm\pw [mXpv p Fsmcp {]Xybhpw Dv. Atm (1) ImcnXoIcWw (2) JcmtZitmSp IqSntbm X\ntbtbm AyZznXzw (3) p {]XybtbmKw Cs\ aqp amfmWv AIIs kIIamm DXv. ImcnXn\v n Fpw tijsamn\pw C Fpw {]Xyb {]tbmPI{]IrXnsb Dfhmpp. Cs\ {]tbmPIw, ItbmKw Fp cmbn ]ncn D]m[nIv hnjbhnthN\w knnp.

Fm ItbmKw Fsmcp ]pXnb D]m[n Iev]npXn ]te ZpLSfpw hp tNcpp. kzcmZn{]Xybfn p AwK{]Xybhpw `qXXpImcn\v Ccnpw ItbmKns eW BWtm. CXpt]mse AII[mXpfnepw ImWppv. Fs\ Fm,

]nS  ]nSbvpp, ]nSp. aq appp, aqp. tXmev tXmevpp, tXmp. hnd  hndbvpp, hndp. hnb  hnbpp, hnbp.

AXn\m Csm eWap [mXpshmw kIIw Fp ]dhm ]mSn. Cu eWanm [mXp kIambnp ImWppapv:

IS  ISbpp, ISp.		XpScv  XpScpp, XpSp.
Adn Adnbpp, Adnp.		sNmv sNmpp, sNmp.

Cs\ XmnIm ]dbp A\zbhym]vXnbpw hyXntcIhym]vXnbpw CmXn\m p tbmKhpw `qXXpImcZznXzhpw kIIns eWmIpX. D{InbsImv ]te AIsfbpw kIfmmsat Dp. AXn\m,

tNcpp  tNp.		tNpp tNp.
Acbpp Acp		Acbvpp Acp.

CXymZnt]mse cphn[cq]hpw D [mXpfn phpw XpImc ZznXzhpw D cq]w kIIw, atXv AIIw Fp Xocpam\nmw FmsX p tbmKZznX kIeWfmsWp kmam\yhn[n sNpXn\p aman. AII[mXpv kIIcq]hpw, adnv kIIv AIIcq]hpw ImWpXv CSmepmb Hcp hyXnbm\amsWp Iev]npXn\v \apv XXmb eyfpw Inon. AXpsImv ChnsS Aa, cq]amWv {]amWw. Cu ZpLSwsImp [mXpsf kIImII Fp hn`mKnmsX ImcnXmImcnX Fp hn`mKntn hp. Iapmbmepw icn, Cmmepw icn, v tbmKhpw, XpImcZznXzhpw D [mXpImcnXw; Cu hntijw CmXv AImcnXw.

Cs\ kIImIIhn`mKw tbmPnmsXhXn B hn`mKsqSn {]tbmPIns DsSpov {]tbmPIn\v tNX\{]tbmPIw, AtNX\{]tbmPIw Fsmcp hn`mKw Iev]ntnhp. Atm kIIcq]wXs AtNX\{]tbmPIambn "tXbpp' Fv AIIamb tIhe{]IrXn; tXbvpp' Fv AXns kIIw AtNX\ {]tbmPIw,"tXnpp' Fv Ccn {]tbmPIw tNX\w. Cu hn`mKn kIImIIt`Zap [mXpv CcnSnbmbn {]tbmPI{]IrXn hcpsat Dp.

cq]\njv]n A\n_\ambvIbm tNX\IrIw, AtNX\ IrIw Fhn`mhpw k{XnIasv FSpp ]dtbXn.

DpI  DupI;	XnpI  XopI;	IbdpI  IbpI;
DdpI  DdpI;	ImWpI  ImpI;	aSpI  aSpI.

CXymZnIfmbn At\Iw DZmlcW t\mpI. CXv tNX\ IrIn\v AtNX\IrIns cq]w hXn\p eyamWv. adnpXn\pw A]qambnsnepw DZmlcW CmXn:

anpI Nqp annpp.	s]pI ag s]npp.,
	]pI  s]mSn ]npp.

Fm C {]Xybn\v tNX\{]hrn Ipdnm Hcp hntijinbpsv XmtgmWnp {]tbmK t_mysSppw:

aqSv  Ipmbns Iod aqpp	ihw aqSnpp
BSv hm Bpp	Zmknsb BSnpp
hogv  shw hogvpp	Ipnsb hognpp
Na  {Kw Nabvpp	I\yIsb Nabnpp

Cs\ cp Aw hcpnSp cq]t`Zw NqnmWntXpXpsImv tNX\mtNX\hn`mKw Dt]nmhpX. tNX\w, AtNX\w F Iev]\ hnhm[o\amImbm, DZmko\amtbm \n_w \nanamtbm D tNX\sbpw {]hrnsb AtNX\{Inbbmbn KWnmsap ]dnpXpw t\mpI. AXn\m \]pwkI\mav {]Xn{KmlnImhn`n thsp hbvm\p bpnXsbmWv {]tbmPINnamb C{]Xys Dt]npXn\p bpnbpw Fp kam[m\sSmw. p tbmKmZnI AtNX\{]tbmPIw. C tNX\{]tbmPIw. Cn ZznKpW{]tbmPIw. AXnepw {]Xybw C FpXs. {]tbmPIns\mw ImcnXcq]w thXn\m cv p hcpXn BZytXn\v p Fv BtZiw sNppsht Dp. Cu BtZiw D, C, B (tIp, tIn, tIm) F ap {]XybfnqSn DXpamWtm. {]tbmPI sNp t{]cWbpsS _ea\pkcnmWv {]tbmPI{]IrXnbn cq]\njv]n. {Inbm^es In kw{IannpXpt]mse Zpeamb Hcp {]hrntb Dp Fn p tbmKZznXzmZn hnImc aXn; AXn ISXmb Hcp tNX\hym]mcw hnhnXamsWn C F {]Xybw IqSn tNWw. t{]cnnphs\ t{]cnn Fv CcnSnbmbn t{]cWbpsn Hmtcmn\pw thsd thsd C Fp {]Xybw thWw. p tbmKZznXzmZnhnImc t{]cWmhnhbnm nSpIqSn ]te [mXpfnepw hptNnpv. kzmns {]tbmPIcq]ap Cu [mXpsf ImcnXw Fsmcn\w Iev]nv AXn tNncnpp. p tNcpXv kzcmfnepw Nnfnepw am{Xta Dp. AXpsImv ImcnXmImcnXhn`mKhpw AXpIp am{Xta Dp. hrRvP\mfn phns m\v JcmtZiZznXz Dsnepw p t]mse AXpI kzmn hnp ey ImWpn. p FXv p t]mse phns m\p hcp HcnS\netb Dpshv {]YaZrjvSnbn tXmmw. tNcpp tNpp Ft]msebmWtm hogpphogppp F cqt]mnbpw. Fm `qXcq]n t`Zw hcppv. "tNpp' F {]tbmPIn\v `qXw "tNp' F "Xp' {]Xybw sImmbncns "hogvpp' FXn\v "hogvn' Fv CImcwsImmWv. kzcmpw Nnpw Xp{]Xrbw; ]qhrRv\mv "C' {]Xybw FmWv `qXcq]n \nbaw ImWpXv; B nXnv p {]XybwXs Fp hnNmcntnbncnpp. p Hcp {]XybamIptm "hogvv' F {]tbmPI{]IrXn hrRvP\mambn tmbXn\m `qXImen C {]Xybw hcpp Fv kmam[m\w kpe`amWv. "v' {]XybamsWpXn\v kwiban. FgpXpp, IcpXpp, s]mcpXpp CXymZnIfn ImWp {]Xybw Xs CcnXmWnXv. i_vtZmn{]IcWn hnh\ {]{Inb t\mpI. ]ckw{ImnbpXn\m Ccntnhp.