chaper6

Aymbw  6

tcmKm-\oIw -hn-am-\w

tmI :

1 - 7

8 - 14

15 - 20


AYmtXm tcmK\oIw hnam\w hymJymkymax CXnlkvaml `Khm\mt{Xbx	1

C\n hnam\m\nse tcmKm\oIwhnam\w F Aymbs Bt{Xb`Khm D]tZinXp{]Imcw Anthi aljn hnhcnpp.

tZz tcmKm\ntI `hXx {]`mht`tZ\km[ywN, tZz tcmKm\otI _et`tZ\arZpN ZmcpWw N, tZz tcmKm\otI A[njTm\ t`tZ\ at\m ƒ[njvTm\w icocm[njvTm\w N, tcmK\otI tZz \nant`tZ\kz[mXpsshjay \nanIw NmKp\nanw N, tZz tcmKm\oZI Bamibt`tZ\Bamib kapw N ]Izmib kapw N, GhtaX {]`mh _em[njvTm\\n anmib t`Zm ssZz[w kZvt`Z {]IrXytcW `nZyam\aYhm kobam\w kymtZIXzw hm _lpXzw hm. GIXzw XmhtZItah tcmKm\oIw ZpxJkmam\ym. _lpXzw Xp Zi tcmKmIoIm\n {]`mht`ZmZn\m `hn; _lpXza]n kwtJybw kymZkwtJybw hmkym, X{X kwtJybw XzZytYm ajvtSmZcotb, A]cnkwtJyb ]p\bYmalmtcmKm[ymtb, cqKzkapm\makwtJybXzm.	2

{]`mht`Zw sImv tcmKkaqlw cphn[nepv1. km[yw, 2. Akm[yw. het`ZwsImv tcmK kaqlw cphn[nepv1. arZp, 2. ZmcpWw. A[njTm\t`ZwsImv tcmKkaqlw cphn[nepv1. at\m[njvTm\w, 2. icocm[njvTm\w. \nant`ZwsImv tcmKkaqlw cphn[nemIpp. 1. kz[mXpsshjay\nanw, 2. BKp\nanw. Bibt`ZwsImv tcmKkaqlw cphn[nepv. 1. Bamitbmev]w, 2. ]Izmitbmev]w. C{]Imcw Cu {]`mhw, _ew, A[njvTm\w, \nanw, Bibw Fo t`Z{]IrXnhyXymkm hn`PnpItbm AYhm HmbntqItbm sNpXmbm Hcp hn[ntem AYhm At\Iw hn[ntem Bbncnpw. ZpxJw Fm tcmKfnepw Hcpt]msebpXpsImv tcmKkaqlw Hcp hn[nXsbmIpp. _lpXzamIs ta]d km[ymkm[ymZn ]v tcmK kaqlfpsS {]`mh t`ZmZnItfsmpmIpp. _lpXzhpw FnIWmm IgnbptXm IWmm IgnbmtXm Bbn cphn[nemIpp. AXn hv FnWmm Ignbp tcmKsf AjvtSmZcobmymbn hnhcnnpv. FnWmm Ignbm tcmKsfbmIs thZ\mh\nZm\mZnIfpsS AkwtJybXzw \nanw AkwJyamsWv almtcmKmymbn hnhcnnpv.

\ N kwtJrbmt{Kyjp t`Z{]IrXycotbmjp hnKoXnanXytXm tZmjhXokymZ{X {]XnmImNn,\ NmhnKoXn: CXytXm tZmjhXokym, t`mln t`Zya\yYm `n\n. A\yYm ]pcpjmx `nw t`Z{]IrXytcW Zn t`ZkwJym hntijam]mZbXyt\I[m; \ N ]qw t`Zm{Kap]ln.	3

t`ZImcWn\v `nXIfp FnWmmhp tcmKfpsS ]cnamWn C{]Imcw hncpambn ]dXv AXmbXv Hcp tcmKs Xs At\Iwhn[nembn ]dXpsImv B {]Xn tZjbpamXmIpp. FpsImsm tcmKs t`ZnstSXmb ]pcpj t`Zyhnjbamb tcmKs addv hn[n t`Znpp. t`Zns ImcWhyXymkwsImv tcmKs addv hn[n t`ZnsSp ]pcpj t`ZnsSp tcmKns t`ZkwJymhntijw At\Ihn[nembnocpp. AmsX BZyw]d t`Z{]amWs l\nsSpn.

kam\mbmka]n Xp t`Z{]IrXu ]rIrXy\p {]tbmKmcat]yw. kn lymcmWn kam\ i_vZm`nlnXm\n, koNm\mcmWn ]cymb i_vZm`nlnXm\n. kamt\m ln tcmKi_vtZm tZmtjjp N hym[njp N. tZmjm ly]n tcmKi_vZ amXi_vZw bvai_vZw tZmj{]IrXni_vZw hnImci_vZw N e`yt, hym[b tcmKi_vZw BXi_vZw bai_vZw tZmj{]IrXni_vZw hnImci_vZw N e`yt, X{X tZmtjjpssNhhym[n jpN tcmKi_vZx kam\, titjjp Xp hntijhm.	4

tcmKfpsS t`Z{]IrXnbn HmsWnqSn tcmK{]IrXnbpsS hntij {]tbmKhyXymks At]npp. ImcWw AhyXymkap ]eXns\ Xpeyi_vZwsImv ]dbsSppv. AhyXymkanm Hns\ ]e]cymb i_vZsImv ]dbsSppv. tcmKi_vZw HmIpp. AXv tZmjhmNIambpw hym[nhmNIambpw ]dbpp. tZmji_vZn\pw tcmKw, BXw, bvam, tZmj{]IrXn, hnImcw Fsms Aw Inpp. hym[ni_vZn\pw tcmKw, BXw, bvam, tZmj{]IrXn, hnImcw Fsms Aw Inpp. AhnsS tZmjfnepw hym[nIfnepw tcmKi_vZw XpeyamIpp. AXmbXv PzcmZnIfn tcmKi_vZw hntijamsWw.

X{X hym[tbm A]cnkwtJybm `hyXn_lpXzm tZmjmkvXpJep ]cnkwtJybm `hy\Xn_mlpeym. XkvamZv btYmNnXw hnImcm\pZmlcWm a\htitjW N tZmjm bYmhZ\phymJymkymax.	5

hym[nI hfsc IqSpX DXpsImv kwJybnm{XbmIpp. tZmjfmIs hfsc IqSpX CmXpsImv kwJybpXpamIpp. AXpsImv hnImcsf (tcmKsf) btYmNnXw DZmlcWmambpw tZmjsf Hpw AhtijnmsX apgph\mbpw thXpt]mse hnhcnpXcmw

cPkvXa am\ku tZmju, XtbmhnImcmx Ima t{Im[ tem`taml am\aZtimI NntmtZzK `bljmZbx. hmX]n ivtfjvamWkvXq Jep imcocm tZmjmkvtXjma]n ]nImcm PzcmXnkmc timY timjizmk talIpjvTmZb CXn. tZmjmx tIhemhymJymXm hnImsscItZi.	6

cPuKpWhpw XtamKpWhpw am\knI tZmjfmIpp. AhbpsS hnImc Imaw, t{Im[w, tem`w, tamlw, am\w, aZw, timIw, Nn, DtZzKw, `bw, ktmjw apXembhbmIpp. hmX, ]n, I^fmIs imcocnI tZmjfmIpp. AhbpsS hnImc Pzcw, AXnkmcw, tim^w, timjw, izmktcmKw, {]talw, IpjvTw apXembhbmIpp. tZmj apgph\pambn hnhcnsp. hnImcfpsS GXm\pw `mKfpw hnhcnsp.

X{X Xp Jtezjmw Zzbm\ma]n tZmjmWmw {Xnhn[w {]tIm]Ww. Akmty{nbmkwtbmKx {]PvRm]cm[x ]cnWmatXn. {]Ip]nXmkvXpJep {]tIm]WhntijmZv Zpjyhntijm hnImchntijm\`n\nhby]cnkwtJybm tX JephnImcmx ]ckv]ca\pham\mx IZmNnZ\p_[v\n ImamZtbm PzcmZb, \nbXkvXz\p_tm cPkvXatkmx ]ckv]cw, \ lycPkvIw Xax.	7

Cu imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb cv tZmjfptSbpw {]tIm]WImcw aqv hn[nemIpp. 1. Akmty{nbmkwtbmKw, 2. {]m]cm[w, 3. ]cnWmaw. {]Ip]nXfmb tZmjfmIs tIm]nphm\p ImcWfpsS `nXsImpw ZqjyfpsS (ckcmZn [mXpfpsS) `nXsImpw kwJybnm{X hnImc t`Zsf Dmpp. imcocnI tZmjP\yamb PzcmZntcmKfpw am\knItZmjP\yamb ImamZn hnImcfpw IpdpImew XpScpXmbm PzcmZnI ImamZnItfbpw ImamZnI PzcmZnItfbpw Hchkcn ]ckv]cw _npXmIpp. Hcnepw Hpam{Xambn XpScpXsw. cPntbpw Xantbpw ]ckv]cm\p_w \nnXamIpp. ImcWw Xav cPns\ IqSmsXbpw cPv Xans\ IqSmsXbpw {]hnpX. AXmbXv FhnsS ctPmKpWaptm AhnsS XtamKpWns A\p_hpw FhnsS XtamKpWaptm AhnsS ctPmKpWns A\p_hpw DmIpsaw.

{]mbx imcoctZmjmWmw GIm[njvTm\obm\mw kn]mXx kwktm hm kam\KpWXzm. tZmjm lnZpjssWx kam\mx. X{Xm\p_ym\p_ IrtXmhntijx kzXt{mhyenwtKm btYmkapXvYm\ {]itam `hXy\p_yx, XZzn]coX eWm\p_x. A\p_m\p _eW ka\znXm bZn X{X tZmjm `hn X{XnIw kn]mXamNtX Zzbw hm kwkw. A\p_ym\p_ hntijIrXkvXp _lphnt[mtZmjt`Zx. Ghtahkwm ]IrtX`njPmw tZmtjjpssNh hym[njp N \m\m{]IrXn hntijmZvhyplx.	8

hmX]nI^fmb icoctZmjv icocw Hv am{Xw B{ibambXpsImpw XpeyKpWXzwsImpw tZmj anhmdpw aqpw IqSntcpItbm GsXnepw csw IqSntcpItbm sNpXmWv. tZmjfmIs ZpjnnsSp ImcWwsImpw XpeyfmIpp. (AXmbXv ISzehW hmX]nI^sf hnnpXmIpp. CXnXs ISpckw hmXtmSpIqSn ]nItbpw Aw I^tmSpIqSn ]ntbpw ehWw ]ntmSpIqSn I^tbpw hnnpXmIpp Fw.) kn]mXnepw kwknepw A\p_yw A\p_w Fo hyXymkfpv. {XntZmjfn GsXmcptZmjw kzX{ambncnpIbpw AXntXmb eWw hyambncnpIbpw AXn\p]d ImcWw sImpmhpIbpw AXntXmb NnInsImv ianpIbpw sNppthm AXv A\p_yamIpp. CXn\v hn]coXambnpXv A\p_hpamIpp. (AXmbXv ]cm[o\ambnpXpw eWw Akv]jvSambXpw AXntXmb ImcWwsImpmImXpw AXntXmb NnInsImv ianmXpw A\p_amsWw. A\p_yw {][m\hpw A\p_w A{][m\hpamIpp. A\p_[ym\p_ eWtfmSpIqSn {XntZmjfpw HcpanpImWpIbmsWn AXns\ kn]mXw Fv ]dbpp. Ans\ cptZmjsf HcpanpIm kwksapw ]dbpp. A\p_ym\p_ hntijP\yambnmIs tZmjt`Zw At\Ihn[nemIpp. C{]Imcw A\p_yw, A\p_w. kn]mXw, kwkw apXembhbm DmIp PzcmXnkmcmZn t]cpIfmepw \m\mhn[ {]IrXnhntijmepw tZmjfptSbpw tcmKfptSbpw kaqls sshZymv ImWmhpXmWv.

Anjp Xp imcotcjp NXphnt[m hntitjm _et`tZ\ `hXn. XZyYmXovtWmax ktam hnjatXn. X{X XovtW ƒnx km]Nmc klkvXZzn]coX eWkvXpaz; \akvXp Jez]NmctXm hnIrXnam]ZytX A\]NmcXkvXp {]IrXmthhmhXnjvTvtX. kaeW hn]coXeWkvXp hnjax.	9

icocnep AnIfn _et`ZwsImv \mephn[nep hyXymkw Dv. AXv F{]ImcsamXovWw, aw, kaw, hnjaw CXn. AXpIfnhv XovWmn Fm A]ymlmctfbpw klnpXv (ZlnnpXv) BIpp. CXn\v hn]coXambnp eWamIs amnbmIpp. AXmbXv thXpt]msebp BlmcsqSn Zlnnm IgnbmXv amnbmsWw. kamnbmIs A]ymlmcwsImv hnIrXamIpXpw thXpt]msebp Blmcs thXpt]mse ZlnnpXpw BIpp. ka eWn\v hn]coXeWapXmIs hnjamnbmIpp. AXmbXv Nnetm thXpt]mse ZlnnpIbpw Nnetm ZlnnmXncnpIbpw sNpXv hnjamnbmsWw.

CtXytX NXphn[m `hybiNXphn[m\mtah ]pcpjmWmw. X{X kahmX]nivtfjvaWmw {]IrXnm\mw kam`hybx. hmXem\mp hmXmZn`qtX ƒy[njvTmt\hnjam `hybx, ]nm`n`qtX lyy[njvTmt\ XoWm `hybx, ivtfjvafm\mp ivtfjvam`n`qtX ^yy[njvTmt\ am`hybx.	10

C{]Imcw Cu 4 hn[AnI 4 hn[nep ]pcpjmpmIpXpIfn hmX]n I^ kaambn {]IrXyhbn nXnsNphv kamnbmbncnpw. hmXm[nIyaphmIs Ay[njvTm\n ({KlWom\n) hmXns B{IaWapmhpI\nanw hnjamnbmbncnpw. ]nm[nIyaphmIs Ay[njvTm\n ]nns B{IaWapmhpI\nanw XovWmnbmbncnpw. I^m[nIyaphmIs Ay[njvTm\n I^ns B{IaWapmhpI\nanw amnbmbncnpw.

X{X tINnZmlp\ kahmX]nivtfjmamtWm Phx kn hnj amlmtcm]tbmKnXzm a\pjymWmw.XkvamhmX{]IrXbx tINn, tINn ]n{]IrXbx, tINn ]p\x ivtfjva{]IrXb `ho Xm\p]]w Ikvam ImcWm? kahmX]n ivtfjvamWmw lytcmKann `njPx, bXx{]IrXnmtcmKyw, BtcmKymmN t`jiP{]hrnx, km tNjvSmcq]m, Xkvam kn kahmX]nivtfjvamWx. \ Xp Jep kn hmX{]IrXbx ]n{]IrXbx ivtfjva{]IrXtbm hm, Xky XkyIne tZmjkym[n`mhm km km tZmj {]IrXncpNytX a\pjymWmw, \ N hnIrtXjp tZmtjjp {]IrXnXzap]]ZytX, XkvamssXmx {]IrXbx kn;kn Xp Jep hmXemx ]nemx ivtfjvaem A{]IrXnmkvXptX tbmx.	11

\mephn[ AnIsf kw_n Nne BNmcym ]dbpp. ]eckfp Blmcw D]tbmKnpI\nanw a\pjyv FpsImv hmX]nI^ kamhbnep km\ DmIpn? (AXpsImv kamnbpw DmIpn, Fv `mhw) AXpsImpw Nne hmX{]IrXnmcmbpw Nne ]n{]IrXnmcmbpw Nne I^{]IrXnmcmbpw P\npp. (Anbpw tZmjm\pcq]ambpmIpp Fv `mhmw.) AXpw bpnbpa. Fv ImcWwsImv? hmX]nI^ kaambnphs\bmIs sshZym tcmKanmh Fv a\nempp. Cu {]IrXnpXs BtcmKyw Fv ]dbpp. NXpjv]mZbpXvImt`jP{]hrnbpw BtcmKyn\pthnbmIpp. CjvSamb cq]hpw AXv XsbmIpp. AXpsImv Fmhcpw hmX]nI^ kaambnphcmWv. hmX{]IrXnbmtbm ]n{]IrXnbmtbm I^{]IrXnbmtbm am{X Bcpw DmIpX. a\pjyv GtXXv tZmjn\v B[nIyaptm AXmXv tZmjns {]IrXnbmbndbpp Fv am{Xw. hnIrXambncnp tZmjfn {]IrXnnXamsWv ]dbpX. AXpsImv tZmj hnIrXambhsc hmX{]IrXn, I^{]IrXn, ]n{]IrXn Fsmpw ]dbpX. Ahsc hmXm[nIyaph ]nm[nIyaph, I^m[nIyaph Fv ]dbpp. tZmj ka{]IrXnbn nXn sNmhscmw tcmKnIfmsWdnbWw. kq{Xm\n ]dXv t\mpI.

“kam]nm\neI^mxtINnK`m`nkw`hmxZriyt hmXemx tINn ]nemx ivtfivaemk XYmtXjma\mXpcmx ]qthmXfmZymx kZmXpcmxtZjm\pibnXm tlyjmw tZl {]IrXncqNytX'' CXn.tXjmpJep NXphn[m\mw ]pcpjmWmw NXzmay\p{]Wn[m\m\n t{ibkvIcmWn `hn. X{X kak[mXq\mw kmImc kaa[nI tZmjmWmp {XbmWmw bYmkzw tZmjm[nIya`nkaoy tZmj{]XnIqetbmKn\n{XoWy\ {]Wn[m\n t{ibkvIcmWn `hn, bmhZtx kao`mhm. kta Xpkatah Imcyw, GhtjvZm t`jP {]tbmKmm]tc. Xm\n hnkvXtcWm\p hymJymkymax	12

Cu ]d \mephn[ Anbp ]pcpjmmIs \mephn[nep A\njvTm\w t{ibkvIcamIpp. AXpIfn hmX]nI^ kaambnphv Fmhn[nepw kaambnp A\pjvTm\w t{ibkvIcamIpp. (AXmbXv Fmhn[ Ahm\mZnIfpw ckw, KpWw, hncyw, hn]mIw, {]`mhw, am{Xm, tZiw, Imew, kXzw, kmyw, Ch kamhbv\pkcn hn[n ioenp [mXpsf ka\nebn \npIbpw kamnsb cnpIbpw sNWsaw.) hmXm[nIyw, ]nm[nIyw, I^m[nIyw, Fo aqphn[nephv AXmXv tZmjm[nIys t\mn a\nemnbnv AXmXn\pkcnhn[nep tZmj{]XnIqetbmKyamb aqphn[ A\pjvTm\ t{ibkvIcamIpp. (AXmbXv hmXm[nIyn a[pcmehWmZnIfpw ]nm[nIyn a[pcXnIjmbmZnIfpw I^m[nIyn ISpXnIjmbmZnIfpw ioenpXv AXmXv tZmjv {]XnIqetbmKyamIpp) tZmjhn]coXamb A]m\mZnItfsmv hnjahpw XovWhpw ahpamb AnkaambnocpXmWv. An kaambm ka[mXpeWhpamIpp. (“katZmjx kamn ka[mXpae{Inbmx {]kmt{ba\mx kzCXy`n[obtX” CXn kzeWw.) C{]Imcw kamncWn\yn addpw Huj[{]tbmKfpv. AhIqSn lnXIcamIpp. Ahsb hnkvXcnp]tZinpXcmw.

{XbkvXp ]pcpjmx `hymXpcmx tX Xz\mXpcmkvX{mcobmWmw `njPmwx XZyYmhmXex ]nexivtfjvaftmXn. tXjmw hntij hnm\whmXfkyhmX\nanmx, ]nfky ]n\nanmx, ivtfjvafky ivtfjva\nanmhym[bx {]tbW _eh `hn.	13

aqphn[ ]pcpjmcmIs tcmKnIfmIpp. Ah tcmKnIfsmWv X{mcs Adnbp sshZym a\nempXv. AXv F{]ImcsamhmXm[nIyw, ]nm[nIyw, I^m[nIyw CXn. AhbpsS hntijhnm\w C{]ImcamIpp. hmXm[nIyaph\v hmX\nanambpw ]nm[nIyaph\v ]n\nanambpw I^m[nIyaph\v I^\nanambpw DmI tcmK anhmdpw _ehmbncnpw.

X{X hmXfky hmX{]]tIm]tWmm\ymtkham\ky n{]w hmXx {]tIm]am]ZytX. \ XtYXcu tZmju. k Xky {]tIm]am]tm btYmss hnImsscx icocap]X]Xn. _eh kpJmbpjmap]LmXmb. XkymhPb\w kvt\ltkzZu hn[nbpIvXu, arZp\nN kwtim[\m\n kvt\tlmjvWa[pcmavf ehWbpm\n. XZzZ`yhlmcymWn A`yPym\yp]\mtlmtZzjvSt\ma\ ]cntjImhKml kwhml\mh]oU\ hn{Xmk\ hnkvam]\ hnkvamcWm\n Nkpcmkhhn[m\w kvt\lmmt\Itbm\tbm Zo]\ob ]mN\ob hmXlcsshtcN\otbm]lnXmx XYm iX]mImx kl{k]mImx kiX {]tbmKmXvYmx hkvXtbm hkvXn\nbax kpJioeXmtNXn.	14

AXpIfn hmX{][m\\mbh\v hmXtIm]n\v ]dh ioenpXmbm Wn hmXw tIm]npXmIpp. AXpt]mse addv cv tZmjfpw tIm]npX. B {]Ip]nXamb hmXw AXns {]tIm]Wn DmIpsav ]d hnImcfm icocs k]vXampp. _ew, hw, Bbpv, kpJw Chsb \innpIbpw sNpp. AXns\ Pbnphm hn[n{]Imcap kvt\ltkzZ, kvt\lw, DjvWw, a[pcw, Aw, ehWw ChtbmSpIqSnb arZphmb kwtim[\I, AXpt]mseXs kvt\lmZnI tN Blmc, icocn ssXemZnI tXnv s]mopshpsI, XpWn\mSsImv Npddns, Xncp, [mc, apnbncp, XtemS, sR, `bsSp, BcysSp, adhnbpm, kpcmkhsf hn[n{]Imcw tkhnn, Zo]\obhpw ]mN\obhpw hmXlchpw hntcN\obhpamb mhcfpw PwKafpamb At\Ihn[nep kvt\l{Zhy, A{]Imcw iX{]Ikvt\lw, kl{kIkvt\lw, Fmhn[nepw {]tbmKnmhp hkvXn{InbI, hkvXnbn ]d \nba]me\w, hn{iaw Ch ioenWw.

]nfkym]n ]n ]tIm]Wvm\ymtkham\ky n{]w ]nw {]tIm]am]ZytX. XYmt\Xcu Zvju. XZky{]tIm]am]w btYmsshnImsccxicocap]X]Xn, _eh kpJmbpjmap]LmXmb.XkymhPb\w knjv]t\w knjm N kvt\l\a[ tZmjlcWw a[pcXnIjmb ioXm\mauj[m`y hlmcymWap]tbmKx. arZpa[pckpc`n ioX lrZym\mw Km\mtm]tkhm, apmaWnlmcmheo\v]ca ininthmcnkwnXm\mw [mcWapckm, tW tW {kIvN\ {]obwKpImeobarWmf ioXhmXhmcn`ncp ]eIpapZ tImI\Z kuKnI ]m\pKssX hmcn`nc`nt{]mWw, {ipXnkpJarZp a[pcat\m ƒ\pKm\m KoX hmZn{XmWmw {ihWw, {ihWm`yqZbm\w, kplrZv`n kwtbmKx, kwtbmKtjvSm`nx kv{Xo`nxiotXm]lnXmw iqI{kKvZm almc[mcnWo`nx, \oimIcmwip ioXf {]hmX lyhmkx ssiemc]pfn\ ininc kZ\hk\ hyP\ ]h\tkhm, caymWmtm]h\m\mw kpJininc kpc`namcptXm]hmXm\map]tkh\w, tkh\]tm]e \fn\IpapZ kuKn ]pWvUcoI iX]{XlkvXm\mw kuaym\mw k`mhmWmanXn.	15

]n{][m\\mbh\v ]ntIm]n\v ]dh ioenpXmbm Wn ]nw tIm]npXmIpp. A{]Imcw addv cv tZmjfpw tIm]npX. B {]Ip]nXamb ]nw AXns {]tIm]Wn DmIpsav ]d hnImcfm icocs k]vXampp. _ew, hw, kpJw, Bbpv Chsb \innpIbpw sNpp. AXns\ Pbnphm kvt\l]m\w, kvt\lwsImv kv\nKvXhcp, hntcN\whgn At[mamneqsS tZmjlcWw, a[pcXnIjmb ioXuj[fptSbpw D]tbmKw, arZphpw a[pchpw kpKnbpw ioXfhpw lrZyhpamb KfpsS D]tbmKw, apaWnItfsmpmnb ame Gddhpw XWpshnenpshp AXn s\n [cnpI, Wn Wn ]qame, a\w, Rmhqhv, ]oXN\w, Xmachf, XWpImddv, XWpshw ChsImpw \oemac, Xmac, NphXmac, henb\oemac, sNdnb shmac Ch Cpsh shwsImpw icocn ISbpI, tIm kpJapXpw arZphpw a[pchpw at\m\pIqehpamb ]mpIfpw hmZyfpw tIpI, A`nhrnbmbhsb tIpI, kplrpfpambn tNcpI, XWp hkv{Xw, ]qame apXembh [cn CjvSkv{XoIfpambp kwtbmKw, N{IncWfm inXfhpw aamcpX\m ljnXhpamb ev hknpI, ]Xkm\pfnepw \ZoXocnepw ioXfamb Krlnepw XmaknpIbpw ioXfamb hkv{Xw [cnpIbpw ioXfamb Imddv sImpIbpw sNpI, kpcambXpw kpJioXfkpK hmbphnipXpamb ]qtmn hknpI, Chbpw ]Dev]e\fn\IpapZkuKnI]pWvUcoIiX]{X kZriamb ssIsImp tkh\hpw (XtemSpI apXembhbpw) asddmhn[ kuay`mhfpw (PeKpW{][m\fpw) ioenWw.

ivtfjvafkym]n ivtfjva{]tIm]tWmm\ymtkham\ky n{]w ivtfjvam {]tIm]am]ZytX, \XtYXcutZmju, k Xky {]tIm]am]tm btYmss hnImsscx icocap]X]Xn _ehkpJmbpjmap]LmXmX, XkymhPb\whn[nbpmXovtWmjvWm\n kwtim[\m\n, cq{]mbmWn Nm`yhlmcymWn ISpXnIjmtbm]lnXm\n, XssYh [mh\ewL\ ]vfh\]cnkcW PmKcW\nbp hyhmb hymbmtama\ kv\mt\mkmZ\m\n,hntijXkvXoWm\mw ZoLImenXm\mw aZym\map]tbmKx, k [qa]m\x kitm]hmkxXtYmjvWhmkx kpJ{]Xntj[ kpJmtathXn.	16
I^{][m\\mbh\v I^tIm]n\v ]dh ioenpXmbm Wn I^w tIm]npp. A{]Imcw addv cv tZmjfpw tIm]npX. B{]Ip]nXamb I^w AXns {]tIm]Wn DmIpsav ]d hnImcfm icocs k]vXampp. _ehkpJBbppIsf \innpIbpw sNpp. AXns\ (I^s) Pbnphm hn[n{]Imcw XovWhpw DjvWhpambhsImp kwtim[\I, ISpXnIjmbcktN cq{][m\amb Blmc, HmSpI, XppI, \opI, Npddn \SpI, DdsmgnbpI, a]nSpw \SpI, ssaYp\w sNpI, hymbmawsNpI, icocn anpI, IfnpI, XncppI, hntijnv XovWXbpXpw ]gInbXpamb aZyw D]tbmKnpI, [qa]m\wsNpI, Fmhn[ ewL\hpw ioenpI, NqSp hkv{Xw[cnpI, kpJn\pthn kpJs XyPnpI (AXmbXv BtcmKyn\v thn I^w hnp kpJIcambXns\ XyPnpI) Ch ioenWw. (ki D]hmkx CXn kewL\m\n. NXpjv{]Imcm kwipnx ]n]mkmamcpXmcp]u ]mN\m\yp]hmk hymbmatXn ewL\w. CXn.

`hnNm{X

ktcmK hntijx kImcy hntijhn kt`jP XXztmcmmx {]mW]Xn`th.	17

Fmhn[ tcmKfpsS t`Zs Adnbph\pw khn[ Imcyt`Zs Adnbph\pw Fmhn[ Huj[fpsS XXzs Adnbph\pw cmPmhns {]mWcI\mbncnpw. AXmbXv t{ijTsshZy\mbncnpw Fw.

X{XivtfmImx

{]IrXyct`tZ\ tcmKm\oIhnI]\w ]ckv]chntcm[ kmam\yw tcmKtZmjtbmx	18

tZmjkwJym hnImcmWmtaItZix {]tIm]Ww PcWw {]XnNnm N Imbmt cWm\n N	19

\cmWmw hmXfmZo\mw {]IrXnm]\m\nN tcmKm\otI hnamt\ ƒkvanhymlrXm\n aljnWm.	20

ImcWm\ct`ZwsImv tcmKkaqlfpsS hyXymkw, AhbpsS ]ckv]chntcm[w, tcmKfptSbpw tZmjfptSbpw kam\X, tZmjkwJy, hnImcfpsS Hcp`mKw, tZmjfpsS {]tIm]tlXp, PTcmnhnjbNn, ImbmnbpsS c, a\pjycpsS hmXfmZn {]IrXnm]\ Chsbmw Cu tcmIm\nIhnam\mymbn aljnbm hnhcnsncnpp.

CXynthi IrtXXt{ NcI{]XnkwkvIrtX hnam\mt\ tcmKm\oIw hnam\w \majjvtTm ƒybx

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