A²ymbw 13

kvt\lm-²ymbw

hmXm-Xm] kplmtb N cq£m `mcm-²z-IÀjnXmx kwLp-jvIm-c-tXm-cp-[ncm \njv]oX I^-ta-Zk. AØn-kÔn kncmkv\mbp-aÀ½ tImjvT-a-lm-cpPx _e-hm³ amcptXm tbjmwJm\n Nm hrXy-Xn-jvTXn al-¨m-áo-_ew tbjmw hkm kmßym-Ýtb-\cmx tXjmw kvt\l-bn-X-hym\mw hkm-]m\w hn[o-btX.

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Imäpw shbnepw Gev¡m³ Ign-bp-ó-hÀ¡pw, cq£-i-coc {]Ir-Xn-¡mÀ¡pw `mcw Npaópw hgn-\-Sópw Iri-cm-b-hÀ¡pw, ip¢-hpw, cà-hpw, I^hpw taZÊpw £bn-¨-hÀ¡pw, AØn, kÔn, kv\mb, aÀ½w, tImjvTw Fón-h-bnð henb thZ-\-bp-Å-hÀ¡pw hmbp _e-hm-\mbn t{kmX-Êp-I-fnð Bh-cWw sNbvXp \nð¡p-ó-h\pw PT-cm-án¡v _ew IqSp-X-em-bn-«p-Å-hÀ¡pw hk D]-tbm-Kn¨p ioe-ap-Å-hÀ¡pw kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-hm³ tbmKy-am-bn-«p-Å-hÀ¡pw hkm-]\w hnin-jvS-am-Ip-óp.

Zo]vXm-ábx t¢i-k-lm-L-kvacmx kvt\l-tk-hn\x hmXmÀ¯mx {Iqc-tIm-jvTÝ kvt\lym aÖm-\-am-]v\pbp.

49

Aán-Zo-]vXn-bp-Å-hcpw t¢iw kln-¡m³ Ign-bp-ó-hcpw AXn-bmbn `£Ww Ign-¡p-ó-h-cpw, s\¿v tkhn¨p ioe-ap-Å-hcpw hmX-tcm-K-ap-Å-hcpw {Iqc-tIm-jvT-òmcpw kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-hm³ tbmKy-am-bn-«p-Å-hcpw aÖ tkhn-¡-Ww.

tbmt`ym-tbmt`ym lntXm-tbmbx kvt\lx k]-cn-IoÀ¯nXx kvt\l-\ky {]IÀjuXp k]vX-cm-{X-{Xn-cm-{XIu

50

GtXXv kvt\lw GtX-XmÄ¡mtWm lnXw AXn-hnsS ]d-b-s¸-«p.  kv\nKv²X hcp-ó-Xnóv hÀ²n-¨mð Ggv Znh-khpw aqóp Znh-k-hp-\mWv kvt\l-]m\w sNt¿-ï-Xv.  (A-Xm-bXv {Iqc-tIm-jvWóv 7 Znh-khpw arZp-tIm-jvTóv 3 Znh-khpw BsW-óÀ°w)  CXnð IqSp-Xð Znhkw kvt\l-]m\w sNbvXmð kvt\lw kmßy-am-bn-t¸m-Ip-sa-óp-IqSn a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww.

tkzZymx tim[bn-X-hymÝ cq£m-hmX hnIm-cnWm hymbma aZy-kv{Xo-\nXymx kvt\lymx kptcyN Nn´Imx

51

tkzZ-{Inb sNbvX-hcpw ha-\-hn-tc-N-\mZn tim[-\-{Inb sNbvX-hcpw cq£-i-coc {]Ir-Xn-¡mcpw hmX-tcm-K-ap-Å-hcpw hymbm-aw, aZy-]m\w kv{Xo tkh Ch \nXyw ioen-¡p-ó-hcpw Nn´-I-òmcpw kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-hm³ AÀl-cm-Ip-óp.

kwtim-[-\m-ZrtX tbjmw cq£Ww kw{]-h-£ymtX \ tXjmw kvt\l\w ikvX-apðkó I^ taZkmw.

52

cq£X hcp-¯-W-saóv ]d-ª-hÀ¡pw, I^hpw taZÊpw hÀ²n-¨n-«p-Å-hÀ¡pw thï-Xp-t]mse tim[-\-{Inb sN¿msX kvt\l-]m\w sNbvXp kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-óXv \ñ-Xñ.

A`n-jy-µm-\-\-KpZm \nXyw aµm-á-bÝ tb XrjvWm aqÀÑm ]co-XmÝ KÀ`n-Wy-kvXm-ep-tim-jnWx Aó-Zznjx OÀ±-bt´m PT-cm-a-K-cmÀ±nXmx ZpÀ_-emÝ {]Xm-´mÝ kvt\l-¥m-\m-a-Zm-Xpcx \ kvt\lym-hÀ¯-am-t\jvT \\kvtXm hkvXp IÀók kvt\l-]m-\mð {]Pm-bt´ tXjmw tcmKmx kpZm-cpWm.

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hmbnð \nópw KpZ-¯nð \nópw shÅw {khn-¡p-ó-hcpw Ft¸mgpw Aán-am-µy-ap-Å-hcpw Zmlhpw tamlm-e-kyhpw DÅ-hcpw KÀ`n-Wp-Ifpw A®m-¡nð hcĨ-bp-Å-hcpw Acp-Nn-bp-Å-hcpw OÀ±n-bp-Å-hcpw DZ-c-tcm-Kw, Ba-tZmjw Ir{Xna hnjw Ch-sImïv ZpxJn-¡p-ó-hcpw ZpÀ_-e-òmcpw ico-cm-bm-k-an-ñm-¯-hcpw kvt\l-]m\w sN¿p-t¼mÄ Xf-cp-ó-hcpw aZmXy tcmK-ap-Å-hcpw \ky-IÀ½hpw hkvX-IÀ½hpw sNbvX DS-s\bpw kvt\l-]m\w sNbvXp kv\nKv²X hcp-¯-cp-Xv.  kvt\l-tbm-Ky-a-ñm¯ Cu ]d-ª-hÀ¡v kvt\l-]m\w \nan¯w `b-¦-c-amb tcmK-§Ä Dïm-Ip-ó-Xm-Wv.

]pjocw {KYnXw cq£w, hmbp-c-{]-Kp-tWm, arZpx ]àm, JcXzw cu£yw N Km{Xkym kv\nKv² e£-Ww.

56

aew I«n-bmbpw cq£-ambncn¡pI hmbp {]Xn-tem-a-am-bn-cn-¡p-I, PT-cmán arZp-hm-Ip-I, ico-c-¯n\v ]cp-]-cp¸pw cq£-Xbpw Dïm-hpI Ch thï-Xp-t]mse kv\nKv²X hcm-¯-Xnsâ e£-W-am-Ip-óp.

hmXm-\p-temayw Zo]vtXmƒ-ánÀhÀ¨ kv\nKv²-akwlXw amÀ±hw kv\nKv²-Xm-NmwtK kv\nKv²m-\m-ap-]-Pm-btX.

57

hmbp A\p-tem-a-am-hp-I, Aán-Zo-]vXn-bp-ïm-hp-I, aew kv\nKv²-ambpw Abªpw t]mhp-I, ico-c-¯nóv amÀ±-hhpw kv\nKv²-Xbpw Dïm-hpI Fónh thï-Xp-t]mse kv\nKv²X hómð Dïm-Ip-ó-Xm-Wv.

]mWvUyXm Kuchw PmUyw ]pco-jkym hn]m-IXm X{´o-c-cp-Nn-cpðt¢-iw, kymZXn kv\nKv² e£-Ww.

58

ico-c-¯nóv hnfÀ¨bpw L\hpw PmUy-Xbpw Dïm-hp-I, ae-¯nóv A]-Iz-X, aSn, Acp-Nn, a\w-]n-c-«ð Fón-h-bp-ïm-hpI Ch AXn-kv\nKv² Imc-W-am-Ip-óp.

{Zthm-jvW-a-\-`n-jyXn t`mPy-aów {]am-WpXx \mXn-kv\n-Kv²-akw IoÀ®wizx kvt\lw ]mXp-an-ÑXm.

59

\msf kvt\l-hm\w sN¿-W-sa-óm-{K-ln-¡p-ó-h³ Cóv {Zh-cq-]-¯n-ep-ÅXpw NqSp-ÅXpw Dĸ-gp-¸p-ïm-¡m-¯Xpw IqSp-Xð kv\nKv²-X-bn-ñm-¯Xpw ]eXpw Iq«n-t¨À¯-ñm-¯-Xp-amb Blmcw DNn-X-amb am{X-bnð Ign-¡-Ww.

]nt_ð kwi-a\w kvt\l-a-ó-Imte {]Imw-£nXx ip²yÀ°w ]p\-cm-lmtc ss\ti PoÀt®m-]n-t_-ócx

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kwi-a-\mÀ°w ]m\w sN¿pó kvt\lw Blmc ka-b¯v hni-¸p-ïm-I-¯-¡-hn-[-¯nð ]m\w sN¿-Ww.  ]nsó kwtim-[-\mÀ°w ]m\w sN¿pó kvt\lw cm{Xn Ign¨p Blmcw Zln-¨-Xn-\p-tijw (cm-hn-se) ]m\w sN¿-Ww.