A²ymbw 13

kvt\lm-²ymbw

kvt\lw ]oXzm-\cx kvt\lw {]Xo-`q-RvPm\ GhN DjvtWm-Z-tIm-]-Nmco kymZv{_-Ò-Xm-co-£-]m-ibx iIr³aq-{Xm\n temZvKm-cm\p ZoÀ®mwÝ \ [mc-tbð hymbm-a-ap-ss¨À hN\w t{Im[ timIu lnam-X]u. hÀÖm-tb-Z-{]-hmXw N tkthX ib-\m-k\w kvt\l-an-tXym] Nmcm²n Pmbt´ Zmcp-Wm-KZmx

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kvt\l-]m\w sNbvXn«v kvt\lw Zln-¨mepw kv\m\-]m-\m-Zn-IÄ¡v NqSp-shÅw D]-tbm-Kn-¡-Ww.  kvt\l-]m\w sN¿p-ó-h³ {_Ò-Nm-cn-bm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.  cm{Xn-bnte Dd-§m-hq.  {]hÀ¯-\-am-\-amb aew, aq{Xw At[m-hmbp, G¼¡w Fón-hsb XS-b-cp-Xv.  hymbm-aw, D¨-¯nð kwkm-cn-¡ð, t{Im[w, timIw, XWp-¸v, NqSv Ch hÀÖn-¡-Ww.  IqSp-Xð ImäpÅ Øe¯v InS-¡p-Ibpw Ccn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿-cp-Xv.  kvt\l-]m-\-¯nð ]°yw ]ng-¨mð `b-¦-c-amb tcmK-§Ä DïmIpw.

arZp-tIm-jvT-kv{Xn-cm-t{XW kv\nly-Xy-tÑm-]-tk-hbm kv\nlyXn {Iqc-tIm-jvTkvXp k]vX-cm-t{XW am\hx

64

kvt\lw AÑ-]m-\-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¨mð arZp-tIm-jvT³ aqóp Znhkw sImïv kv\nKv²X hó-h-\m-Ipw.  {Iqc-tIm-jvT-X-bp-Å-h-\m-Is« Ggp-Zn-hkw sImïv kv\nKv²X hó-h-\m-Ipw.  (aqóv Znhkw sImïv kv\nKv²X hó-h³ arZn-tIm-jvT-\m-sWópw GgpZnhkw sImïv kv\nKv²X hó-h³ {Iqc-tIm-jvT-\m-sWópw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww.

KpU-an-£p-ckw akvXp £oc-ap-tñm-Un-Xw-Z[n ]mbkw Iricw kÀ¸nx Imiva-cy-{Xn-^-em-ckw {Zm£m-ckw ]oep-ckw Pe-ap-jvW-a-Ym-]nhm atZy hmX-cpWw ]oXzm arZn-tImjvtTm hncn-NytX.

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shñw Ie-¡nb shÅw, Icn-¼n³\o-cv, ssXcn³sh-Åw, ]mð, Ie-¡nb ssXcv, ]mb-kw, FÅpw Acnbpw IqSn-sh¨ Iªn, s\¿v, Ipap-Zn³ ]g-c-kw, {Xn^-e-c-kw, ap´n-cn-§-\o-cv, Im¸n, NqSp-sh-Åw, Cf-b-aZyw Ch-bn-te-sX-¦nepw IpSn-¨n«v hntc-N-\-ap-ïm-Ip-ó-h³ arZp-tIm-jvT-\m-Ip-óp.

hntc-N-b´n ss\Xm\n {Iqc-tImjvTw IZm-N\ `h-Xn-{Iq-c-tIm-jvTky {Kl-Wy-Xypð_-Wm-\nem.

67

tað]-dª KpUmZn {Zhy-§-sfmópw Xsó {Iqtcm-jvTs\ Hcn-¡epw hntc-Nn-¸n-¡p-ó-X-ñ.  ImcWw {Iqc-tIm-jvTsâ {Kl-Wo-Øm\w AXy´w hmX-{]-[m-\-am-bn-cn-¡pw.

DZoÀ®-]n-¯mð]-I^m {KlWo aµ-am-cpXm arZp-tIm-jvTky Xkvamð kphn-tc-tNym-\cx kvarXx

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arZp-tIm-jvTsâ {Kl-Wo-Øm\w ]n¯w hÀ²n¨pw I^hpw hmXhpw Ipd-ªp-an-cn-¡pw.  AXp-sImïv arZp-tIm-jvT-\mb a\p-jy³ Aev]-amb hntc-N-\-Hu-j[w sImïv kpJ-ambn hntc-N\w hcp-ó-h-\m-bn-cn-¡pw.

DZoÀ® ]n¯m-{K-lWo bky-Nmán _ew-a-lð `kvao-`-hXo Xkymip kvt\lx ]otXm ƒán tXPkm. k PKv²z-kvt\-l-am{Xmw XmtamPx {]£m-c-b³_en kvt\lm-án-cp-¯amw XrjvWmw-tkm] kÀ¤-ap-Zo-c-tbð.

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GsXm-cp-hóv {Kl-Wn-bnð ]n¯w hÀ²n¨pw PTcmán AXy-[nIw _e-hm-\mbpw Ccn-¡p-ópthm Ah³ ]m\w sN¿pó kvt\lw Ahsâ PTcmán-bpsS tXP-ÊvsImïv `kva-am-bn-t¸m-Ip-ó-Xm-Wv.  am{Xm-\p-]qÀÆw hm\w sN¿p-ó-Xmb B kvt\ls¯ Zln-¸n-¨n«v _e-hm-\m-bn-¯o-cpó B kvt\lmán HmP-Ên-s\-¡qSn Zln-¸n¨p AXy-[n-I-amb X®oÀZm-ls¯ aäp-]-{Z-h-§-tfmSpIqSn Dïm-¡pw.

\mew kvt\l-k-ar-²ky iam-bmów kKqÀÆ]n ktNð kpinXmw kenemw \mkm-Z-b-Xn-Z-lytX. bssY-hm-io-hnjx I£-a-²yKx kzhn-jm-án-\m.

71

kvt\lw-sImïv hÀ²n-¨-Xmb PT-cm-án-bpsS ia-\-¯n-ómbn Gähpw Kpcp-Xz-apÅ Blmcw Ign-¨mð¡qSn aXn-bm-Ip-ó-X-ñ.  Ah³ Gähpw XWp¯ shÅw IpSn-¨n-sñ-¦nð Zln-¨p-t]m-Ipw.  (A-Xm-bXv Zmlw-sImïv acn-¨p-t]mIpsaóÀ°w)  AXv F{]-Im-c-saómð ]pð¡m-Snsâ a²y-¯nð AI-s¸« kÀ¸w Xsâ kz´w hnjm-án-bm-ep-ïm-Ipó Zmlw sImïv acn-¨p-t]m-Ip-ó-Xp-t]mse kvt\lm-án-sImïv a\p-jy³ acn-¨p-t]m-Ipw.  (A-Xm-bXv ]pð¡m-«nð s]«p-t]mb ]m¼nóv shÅw In«m-Xn-cp-ómepw kvt\lm-án-sIm-ïp-ïmb Zml-¯nóv XWp-¯-shÅw IpSn-¡p-hm³ In«m-Xn-cp-ómepw acn-¨p-t]m-Ip-sa-óÀ°w)

APoÀt®-b-ZnXp kvt\tl-Xr-jvWm-ky-ÑÀ±-tbð `njIv   iotXm-Z-Iw-]p\x ]oXzm-`p-àm-cq-£mó apñn-tJð.

72

]m\w sNbvX kvt\lw Zln-¡m-Xn-cn-¡pI \nan¯w Zml-ap-ïm-hp-I-bm-sW-¦nð sshZy³ B kvt\ls¯ OÀ±n-¸n¨p If-b-Ww.  Fón«pw Zml-ap-ïm-hp-I-bm-sW-¦nð hoïpw XWp-¯-shÅw IpSn-¸n¨pw cq£-X-bpÅ Blm-cw-sIm-Sp¯pw OÀ±n-¸n-¡-Ww  (A-Xm-bXv OÀ±n-¸n-¨n«v s\¿v XnI¨pw ]pd-¯p-t]m-bn-sñ-¦nð hoïpw XWp¯ shÅhpw cq£m-lm-chpw sImSp¯p OÀ±n-¸n-¡-W-sa-óÀ°w)

ChnsS XWp¯ shÅw-sIm-Sp¯p OÀ±n-¸n-¡Ww Fóv ]d-tª-S¯v kp{ip-X-¯nð kvt\l-ap-jvWmw-_p-\m-h-tað FómWv ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-óXv.  Chcïnópw ]cn-lm-c-ambn AjvSmw-kv{K-l-¯nð ]n¯-{]-[m-\-am-b-Xnð XWp¯ shÅw sImSp¯pw ]mX-I-^-{]-[m-\-am-b-Xnepw ka-tZm-j-am-bn-«p-ÅXnepw NqSp-shÅw sImSp¯pw OÀ±n-¸n-¡-W-sa-ómWv ]d-ªn-«p-Å-Xv.

\ kÀ¸nx tIhew ]nt¯ t]bw kmta hntjXx kÀÆw ly\p-N-cm-t±lw lXzm-kw-Úm-ô-am-c-tbð

73

Ba-tZm-j-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb ]n¯-¯nð tIhew s\¿v am{X-ambn AXm-bXv tZmj-i-a-\-§Ä tNÀ¯p ]mIw sN¿m-¯-Xmb s\¿v hnti-jn¨pw ]m\w sN¿-cp-Xv.  A{]-Imcw ]m\w sNbvXmð B kvt\lw icocw apgp-h³ hym]n¨p t_m[s¯ \in-¸n¨p Ahs\ sImñpw.  (CXv kp{ip-X-¯nð ]d-ª-Xv{]-Im-c-amWv tIhew ss]¯ntI kÀ¸nÀhm-XntI eh-Wm-\zn-Xw.  tZbw _lp-I-t^m-Nm]n thymj-£mc kam-bpXw CXn)  kp{ip-X-¯nð ]d-ª-Xn-ó-\p-k-cn¨p tað]-dª tÇmIw hymJym-\n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nð ]nt¯ tIhew kÀ¸n-t]bw kmta-]nt¯ hnti-jXx tIhew kÀ¸nx \ t]bw Fóv hymJym-\n-t¡-ïn-hcpw.

X{µm-tkmðt¢i B\m-tlm-Pzcx kvXwt`m-hn-ópw-ÚXm IjvTm\n IWvUp ]mWvUp-Xz-tim-^mÀimwky cpNn-kvXrjm PT-cw-{K-l-Wo-tZmjx kvssXanXyw hmIy-\n-{Klx iqe-am-a-{]-tZm-jmÝ Pmbt´ kvt\l-hn-{`-amð

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kvt\l-]m\w sN¿p-óXv ]ng-¨mð aSn, s\ôv Ien¸v hbdv hoÀ¸v, Pzcw, kvXw`-\w, t_m[-£-bw, IpjvTw, sNmdn-¨nð, ]mWvUp-tcmKw tim^w, AÀi-Êv, Acp-Nn, Zmlw, atlm-Z-cw, {Kl-Wo-tZm-jw, Pf-Xzw, hm¡nóv XS-Êw, iqe-th-Z-\, Ba-tZmjw Fón-h-bp-ïm-Ip-óp.