CXn {Xntim-^obw Fó A²ym-bs¯ Bt{XX `K-hm³ D]-tZ-in¨Xp{]-Imcw Xsó Aán-thi alÀjn hnh-cn-¡p-óp-ïv.

{Xbx timYm `h´n hmX-]n¯ tÇjva \nan-¯wx tX ]p\ÀZzn-hn[mx \nPm-K-´p-t`-tZ-\.

2

hmX-]n¯ I^-tIm]w \nan¯w aqóp-hn-[-¯n-epÅ tim^w (\o-cv) Dïm-Ip-óp. Ah ]nsó \nPm-K´p t`Z-¯mð cïv hn[-ambpw hcpw.

X{Xm-K-´-h-ivtO-Z\ t`Z\ £W\ `RvP\ ]nÑ-t\mðt£W {]lm-c-h[ _Ô-th-jvS\ hy[\ ]oU-\m-`n-`nÀhm-`-ñm-XI ]pjv]-^e ckm-ß-Kp]vXm iqI-IrXn iqIm-ln-X-]-{X-eXm Kpða kwkv]Ài-ss\À hm tkzZ\ ]cn-kÀ¸- Wmh aq{X-ssWÀ hm hnjmWmw k hnjm-hnj {]mWn-Zw-jvSm-Z´ hnjmW \J-\n-]m-X-ss\À hm kmKc hnj-hmX lna Zl\ kwkv]Ài-ss\À hmtim-^m-k-ap-]-Pm-b-t´.

3

AXnð apdn-¡p-I, ]nfÀ¡p-I, \pdp-¡p-I, NX-¡p-I, No´p-I, sR¡p-I, HSn-¡p-I, h[n-¡p-I, sI«p-I. Npän-sI-«p-I, Xf-¡p-I, ]nSn-¨-aÀ¯pI apX-emb Imc-W-§-fmepw tNÀa-c-¯nsâ ]pjv]w, ckw, \mbn-¡p-c-W-bpsS iqIw (]p-ds¯ tcmaw) Iran-bpsS iqIw, sImSn-¯qh apX-em-b-h-bpsS Ce, hÅn-sNSn Fónh kv]Àin-¡p-I-bmepw hnj-apÅ P´p-¡-fpsS hnbÀ¸v ico-c-¯nð ]Xn-¡pI Ah ico-c-¯nð Cg-bp-I, aq{X, ico-c-¯n-em-IpI Fóo Imc-W-§-fmepw hnj-a-ap-ÅtXm Cñm-X-¯tXm Bb Pohn-¡-fpsS Zwjv{Sw, ]ñv, sIm¼v, \Jw Fónh ico-c-¯nð sImïmepw ISð¡m-äpw, hnj-¡mäpw Gämepw sFÊpw Xo¿pw kv]Àin-¨mepw BK-´p-tim-^-§Ä Dïm-Ip-óp.

tX]q-\À bYmkzw t^Xp-ssPÀ hyRvP-ss\-cm-Zm-hp-]-e-`yt´ \nP-hy-RvPss\ ItZi hn]-cossXx _Ô-a-{´m-KZ {]te] {]Xm] \nÀÆm-]-WmZn `niv tNm] {Issa-cp-]-{I-ay-amWmx {]im-´n-am-]-Zyp-t´.

4

\nPmx ]q\x kvt\l tkzZ\ha\hntc-N-\m-Ø-]-\m-\p-hm-k\ intcm -hn-tc-N-\m-\ma bYm-hð {]tbm-Kmð anYym kwkÀÖ-\mð hm OÀ±-e -kI hnjvS-jnIm izmk-Im-km-Xn-kmc timj ]mWvU-tcmK Pzmtcm-Zc ` K-µ-cmÀtim hnIm-cmXn IÀj-WmZzm IjvS-IWvUp ]nU-Im-Zn-`oÀ hm OÀ±n £h-Yp-ZvKmc iq{I-hmX aq{X-]p-coj thK-hn-[m-c-ssWÀ hm IÀ½-tcm-tKm-]- hm-kmXn IÀjn-Xky hm klkmƒXn KpÀƾ ehW ]njvSmó ^e- im-I-cm-K-Z-[o-aZy lco-XI aµI hncq-V-\-iqI iao-[m\ym \q]-ZuI e h-WmXn `£-Wmð KÀ` kw]o-U-\m-Zm-a-KÀ`-{]-]-X-\mð {]Pm-Xm-\mô an t°ym-]-Nm-cmð DZoÀ® tZmj-Xzm-¨-timYmx {]mZqÀh-´o-Xypà kmam- t\ym-tlXpx

5

C\n \nP-tim-^-§-fpsS kmam-\y-\n-Zm\w ]d-bmw. kvt\l-]m-\w. tkzZ-\w, ha-\w, hntc-N-\w, Ijm-b-h-kvXn, kvt\l-h-kvXn, intcm-hn-tc-N\w Fón-h-bpsS sXämb {]tbmKw sImtïm Ch-bpsS t]bm-Zn-{Iaw sXämbn ioen-¡p-I-bm-tem. OÀ±n, Ae-k-Iw, hnjq-Nn-I, izmk-tcm-Kw, Imkw, AXn-km-cw-tim-jw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, Pzcw, atlm-Z-cw, {]Z-cw, `K-µ-cw, AÀÈkv Fóo-k tcmK-§-fmð AXn-bmbn icocw £oWn-¡p-I-bm-tem, IpjvSw, sNmdn-¨nð, Ipcp Fónh {]hÀ¯-am-\-am-b-Xns\ XS-bp-I-bmtem ]ô-IÀ½-tcm-Kw, D]-hmkw Fón-h-sImïv saen-ª-h-sóm, s]s«óv AXn-Kp-cp-Xz-apÅ {Zhyw, ]pfn, D¸v, Acn Ac-¨p-ïm-¡nb ]e-lm-cw, ^e-§Ä, Ce-¡-dn, cmKw. (A-¨mdv N«nWn apX-em-b-h) ssXcv, aZyw, Noc-¡-dn, ]pfn-¡m¯ ssXcv, apf¨ [m\yw tKmX¼w apX-emb Hmhp-ÅXpw Hmhn-ñm-¯-Xp-amb ]pXnb [m\y-§Ä, B\q-]-Po-hn-I-fpsS amwkw Fónh AXn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I-bmtem a®v, Nfn, ItemSv Ch Xnóp-I-bm-tem, KÀ`-]o-U-sIm-tïm, KÀ`w On{Zn-¨mtem hÀ²n¨ hmXm-Zn-tZm-j-§Ä \nan-¯w, tim^-§Ä Dïm-Ip-óp. Cu ]d-ªXv \nP-tim-^-¯nsâ kmam-\y-\n-Zm-\-am-Ip-óp.

Abw-Xz{X hntijx ioX-cq£ eLp-hn-iZ {itam-]-hm-kmXn IÀjW £]-Wm-Zn-`nÀ hmbpx {]Ip-]nX kvXzMvamwk timWn-Xm-Zo-\-`n-{`-b-timYw P\-b-Xn. k£n-t{]m-°m\ {]i-tam-`-h-Xn. XYm-iym-hm-cpW hÀ®w {]Ir-Xn-hÀt®m hm. Nex-kv]-µ\x Jc-]-cpj `nó-Xz-tcm-a, OnZyX Ch `nZyX Ch ]oUyX Ch kqNn-`n-cn-h-Xp-Zy-tX. ]n¸-en-Im-`n-cn-h-kw-kr-]ytX kÀj] Ið¡m hen]vX Ch Nnan-Nn-am-btX k¦-NytX Bb-aytX CXn-hm-X-timYx

6

tim^-¯nsâ hntij e£-W-§-fnð hmX-tcm-K-¯nsâ \nZm-\-k-{_m-]vXn-þ-e-£-W-§Ä-þ-io-Xf cq£-e-Lp. hniZ (]n-Ñne hn]-co-X) Zyhy-§-fpsS AXn-bmb D]-tbmKw sImïpw ITn-\m-²zm\w sImïpw D]-hmkw sImïpw icocw AXn-bmbn £oWn-¡p-I-sImïpw ha-\-hn-tcm-N-\-Zn-I-fmð AXn-ip²n hóp-t]m-b-Xp-sImïpw aäpw hmbp tIm]n¨p NÀ½w amwkw, càw apX-emb [mXp-¡sf {]m]n¨ Zpjn-¸n-¨n«v tim^s¯ Dïm-¡p-óp. B hmX-tim^w £W-¯nð Dïm-hp-Ibpw ian-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. B ho¡-¯nsâ \ndw Icp-hm-fnt¨m Nphtóm ico-c-¯nsâ \nd-¯n\v Xpey-amtbm Ccn-¡pw. A§p-an-§p-ambn \o§pw. B ho¡-¯nð kv]µ-\hpw Dd¸pw ]pcp-]-cp¸pw Dïm-Ipw. NÀ½w hnïp-Io-dp-Ibpw tcmaw sImgn-bp-Ibpw sN¿pw. ho¡-ap-Å-S¯v apdn-¡p-ó-Xp-t]m-sebpw Iodp-ó-Xp-t]m-sebpw sR¡p-ó-Xp-t]m-sebpw kqNn-sImïv Ip¯p-ó-Xp-t]m-se-bp-ap-ïm-Ipw. Ddq¼v Cg-bp-ó-Xp-t]m-se-bp-ap-ïm-Ipw. ISp-I-c-¨p-tX-¨-Xp-t]mse \od-ep-ïm-Ipw. ]nSn¨ hf-¡p-ó-Xp-t]m-sebpw hen-¨p-\o-«p-ó-Xp-t]m-se-bp-ap-ïm-Ipw. C{]-Im-c-am-Ipóp hmX-tim-^w.

DjvW-Xo-£W ISpI £mc eh-Wm¾ PoÀ®-t`m-Ps¯ cáy-X] {]Xmss] Ý ]n¯w {]Ip-]nXw XzMvamw-k-tim-Wn-Xm-\y-`n-{`b P\-b-Xn. k£n-t{]m° {]i-tam-h-Xn. IrjvW ]oX \oe B{am-h-`mk DjvtWm-arZpx I]ne Xmaym-temam DjytX ZqbtX ZlytX [q]ytX Dujvam-b-tXkzn ZyXn ¢nZytX \N kv]Ài-apjvWw hm kpjy-btX CXn ]n¯-timYx

7

]n¯-tim-Y-¯nsâ \nZm\ kw{¼m]vXn e£-W-§Ä þ DjvW (hocyw sImïpw kv]Àiw-sIm-ïpw) Xo£W þ ISp-þ-£m-c-þ-e-h-W-þ-A-¾-{Z-hy-§Ä IqSp-X-embn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I-sImïpw APoÀ®-ap-Å-t¸mÄ Blmcw Ign-¡p-I-sImïpw Xo¿pw shbnepw GevIp-I-bmepw ]n¯w tIm]n¨p NÀ½w,-amwkw,càw apX-emb [mXp-¡sf {]m]n¨ Zpjn-¸n-¨n«v tim^s¯ Dïm-¡p-óp. B tim^w s]«-óp-ïm-Ip-Ibpw ian-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. AXnsâ \ndw Idpt¸m aªtbm \oetbm Npht¸m Bbn-cn-¡pw. hn¡-¯nð NqSpw amÀ±-h-ap-ïm-Ipw. ]n¯-tim-^-¯n-ep-ïm-Ipó tcmaw kzÀ®-hÀ®tam Xm{a-hÀ®tam Bbn-cn-¡pw. AhnsS Np«p-]p-I-bp-ó-Xp-t]m-sebpw NqSm-¡p-ó-Xp-t]m-sebpw Zln-¸n-¡p-ó-Xp-t]m-sebpw ]pI-bp-ó-Xp-t]m-sebpw NqSv ]pd-t¯¡v hcp-ó-Xp-t]m-se-bp-ap-ïm-Ipw. hnbÀ¡p-Ibpw \qep-hp-ïm-hp-Ibpw sN¿pw. AhnsS sXmSp-óXpw NqSpw kln-¡m³ Ign-bm-Xm-Ipw. ]n¯-tim^w C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-óp.

Kpcp-a-[pc ioX-kv\n-ssK² cXn-kz]v\m hymbm-a-ZnÝ tÇjvam-{]-I-]nXx XzMvamw-k-tim-Wn-Xm-Zo-\y-`n-`qb tim^w IrtÑ-°m\ {]itam `h-Xn. ]mWvUy tizXm-h-`mk kv\nKv² Ç£-tWm-Kpcpx Øncx kvXym\x iq¢ {Ktcmam kv]ÀtimjvW klivtNXn tÇjva-timYx

8

I^-tim-^-¯nsâ \nZm\ k{¼m]vXn e£-W-§Ä-þ-Kp-cp-þ-a-[p-c-þ-io-X-þ-kv\n-Kv²-{Z-hy-§Ä AXn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I-sImïpw IqSp-Xð Dd-§p-I-bmepw hymbm-a-an-ñm-¯-Xp-sImïpw aäpw I^w tIm]n¨p NÀ½w, amwkw, càw apX-emb [mXp-¡sf {]m]n-¨n«v tim^s¯ Dïm-¡p-óp. AXv {]bm-k-s¸-«p-ïm-Ip-Ibpw {]bm-k-s¸«p ian-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp. AXnsâ \ndw ]mWvUpthm shÅtbm Bbn-cn-¡pw. AhnsS kv\nKv²-Xbpw an\p-khpw KpcpXzhpw Ønc-Xbpw Dd¸pw Dïm-Ipw. Ahn-sS-bp-ïm-Ipó tcma-¯nsâ Aäw shÅ-\n-d-am-bn-cn-¡pw. AhnsS sXmSp-óXpw NqSpw kln-¡m³ Ign-bpw. I^-tim^w C{]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-¡pw.

bYmkz Imc-Wm-IrXn kwkÀ¤mZv ZzntZm-j-Pm-kv{Xbx timYm `h-Xn.

9

Xsâ Xsó ImcWw \nan¯w cïv tZmj-§Ä Hcp-an-¨p-tIm-]n-¡p-Ibpw cïv tZmj-§-fpsS e£-W-§Ä Hcp-an¨p ImWp-Ibpw sN¿pó ZzntZm-j-P\pamb (kw-k-¤-P) tim^w aqóp-hn-[-¯n-em-Ip-óp. 1. hmX-]n-¯-Pw. 2. hmX-I-^-Pw. 3. ]n¯-I-^-Pw.

bYmkz Imc-W-IrXn kón-]m-Xmð kmón-]m-XnI GIx

10

Xsâ Xsó ImcWw \nan¯w aqóv tZmj-§fpw Hcp-an¨p tIm]n-¡p-Ibpw aqóv tZmj-§-fpsS e£-W-§Ä Hcp-an¨p ImWpIbpw sN¿p-óXv kmón-]m-XnI tim^w Xsó-bm-Ip-óp.

Ghw-t`Z {]Ir-Xn-kvXm-`nÀ `nZy-amt\m Zznhn[ kv{Xnhn-[ÝXpÀÆn-[x-k]vXhn[Ý tim^ D]-e-`y-tX. ]q\-ssÝI Gh Dðtkh kmam-\ym-Zn-Xn.

11

C{]-Imcw {]IrXn hyXym-k-¯n-eqsS hn`-Pn-¨mð tim^w cïp-hn-[-ambpw (\n-Pw,-B-K-´p) aqóp-hn-[-ambpw (hm-X-Pw, ]n¯-P, I^-Pw) \mev hn[-ambpw (hm-X-Pw, ]n¯-Pw, I^-Pw, BK-´p-Pw.) Ggv hn[-ambpw (hm-¯Pw, ]n¯-Pw, I^-Pw, hmX-]n-¯-Pw, hmX-I-^-Pw, ]n¯-I-^-Pw, kón-]m-Xn-Iw) ImW-s¸-Sp-óp. Fñm ho¡-¯nepw DbÀóp-Im-WpI Fóp-ÅXv Hcp-t]mse Bb-Xp-sImïv ho¡w Hcp hn[-¯nð am{X-am-sWópw ]d-bmw.

`h-´n-Nm-{Xþ iqb-t´-bky Km{XmWn kzN-´o-h-cp-P-´nN ]oUn-bm-\y-ó-a-´ymip hmX-tim^w Xam-Zn-tið bÝm-]y-cp-W-hÀ®m`x timtYm-\àw {]W-iyXn kvt\tlmjvW aÀ±-\m`ymw N {]W-tiyð kN hmXn-Ix.

12   13

GsXm-cphóv ico-cm-b-h-b-h-§Ä hn§p-Ibpw AhnsS Xcn-¡p-Ibpw thZ-\-bp-ïm-Ip-Ibpw hnc-evsIm-ï-aÀ¯mð Ign-bp-Ibpw hnc-se-Sp-¯mð DSs\ s]m§p-Ibpw sN¿p-ópthm AXns\ hmX-tim-^-am-sWóv ]d-b-Ww. bmsXmcp tim^w Acp-W-hÀ®-ambpw cm{Xn ian-¡pIbpw kvt\tlmjvW aÀ±-\-§-fmð ian-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-ópthm AXpw hmX-tim-^-am-bn-cn-¡pw.

bx]n-]m-km-Pz-cmÀ¯ky ZrbtXvƒY hnZ-lytX ¢nZy-Xn-kzn-ZytX KÔo kss]¯x izbYx kqXx bx ]nXm-\{X hIv{XXzIv ]qÀÆw a²ymð {]kq-btX A\p-Xz-IvNmXn kmcoN ]n¯-timYx k DNy-tX.

14   15

bmsXmcp tim^-tcm-Kn¡v Zmlhpw ]\nbpw Dïm-¡p-Ibpw ho¡-¯nð ]pI-ªp-t\mhpw Np«p-\o-depw \qehpw hnbÀ¸pw {]tXyI KÔhpw {]tXyI KÔhpw Dïm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-ópthm AXv ]n¯-tim-^-am-sW-ó-dn-b-Ww. bmsXmcp tim^-¯nð I®pw apJhpw aª \nd-am-Ip-Ipbw ho¡w BZyw ico-c-N-¯nsâ a²y-`m-K-¯nð \nóv XpS-§p-Ibpw NÀ½w t\cn-b-Xm-Ip-Ibpw AXn-km-c-ap-ïm-Ip-Ibpw sN¿p-ópthm AXpw ]n¯-tim-^-am-sWóv ]d-bp-óp.