Aymbw  25

bx ]pcp-jobw

tmI :

1 - 15

16 - 30

31 - 45

46 - 60

61 - 75

AYmtXm bx ]pcp-jo-b-a-ymbw hymJym-kym-a.

CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx

1

C\n bx ]pcp-jobw F Aym-bs Bt{X-b-`-K-hm D]-tZ-in-Xp {]Imcw Xs An-th-i-a-ljn hnh-cn-p-p-v.

]cm-{]-Xy [mWw `K-hw ]q\kw

D]m-kXmw aljoWmw {]mZq-cm-ko-Znbw IYm.

Bt-{n-b-at\m ƒm\mw tSm ƒbw ]pcp-cj kwIx

cmin-k-c-kym-a-bm-\m {]mKp]-n hn\n--tb.

2

3

]v X]-{]-`mhw sImv [-sf {]Xy--n I-dn Bt{Xb `K-hms kn-[n-bn Hp-tNn-cp aljn-am Bm-hv, C{n-bw, a\-v, i_vZ-kv]imZn C{n-bm- Fn-h-sbmw IqSn tN ]pcp-j Fn-hsb kw_-npw Ah-\p-m-Ip tcmK--fpsS ]qtm-ev]-nsb kw_-npw Xocp-am-\n-p--Xn C{]-Im-c-ap hmZ-{]-Xn-hmZw \S-p-I-bp-m-bn.

XZ-cw Imin-]-Xn hmatIm hmIy-a-hn

hymP-lm-cjo kan-Xn-a-`n-jvSp-Xym-`n-hm-ZyN.

Inw\pt`mx ]pcptjm b-kvX-m kvXkym-abmx kvaXmx

\ thXypt \tc-t{W t{]mhm Njo ]p\h-kpw.

k Ghm-an-X-m\ hnm-\-n kwibmx

`h--ivtOp aln Imin-cm-Pky kwi-bw.

4

5

6

B Ah-k-c-n Imin-cm-Pm-hmb A-hn F ama-I Ejn kaq-ls kvXpXnp hn-p-sImv C{]-Imcw ]d-p. Atbm Ejn-amsc ]pcp-j GXn \np-mtbm AXn \nv Xs-bmWv Ahv tcmK--fp-Wm-Ip--sXv a\-n-em-tWm? AY-hm A-s\-b-sv a\-n-em-tWm? Fv Imin cmPmhv ]d--tm av Ejn-am-sc-t\mn ]p\kp ]dp. \n-sf-m-hcpw Aan-X-amb m\-hn-m-\-m kwibw Xo-h-cm-I-bm Imin-cm-Pm-hns kwibw Xop-sIm-Sp-p-hm Al-X-s--h-cm-Ip-p.

]mcn-n-kvX ]co-ymt{K auKteym hmIy-a-{_-ho

BPx ]pcptjm tcmKm-jvNm-Px Imc-Ww-lnkmx

k Nnt\m-Xyp-]-`p-tN I I-^-em-\nN

k lnE-tX-tN-X-\m-[mtXmx {]hrn kpJx ZpxJ-tbm.

7

8

Bt{X-b ]d--Xns\ hnNn-\w sNbvXnv Iq-n \nv BZyw auKey Ipe-Pm-X-\mb ]con F Ejn C{]-Imcw ]d-p. ]pcp-j B-P-\y-am-Ip-p. Fp-sIm-s-m CXn-s\mw ImcWw Ah (B-m-hv) BIp-p. Ah Iw sNp-Ibpw I-^-e-sf `pPn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. tNX-\m-[m-Xp-hns\ (B-m-hn-s\) IqSmsX kpJ-n-tbpw ZpxJ-n-tbpw {]hrn Dm-Ip--X-. AXm-bXv Btcm-Kyhpw tcmKhpw Dm-Ip--Xmb {]hrn Dm-Ip--X-s-w.

ic-tem-am-Xp-t\-Xyml \ lymm-m\ am\m

tbmZ-tbZv hym[n-`n ZpxssJ ZpxJ-tZzjo IZm-N\.

cP-kvX-tam-`ym-p-a\x ]coXw kXz-kw-Iw

ico-cky kap]u hnIm-cm-Wm Imc-Ww.

9

10

]mcoo ]d-Xp tInv ic-tem-am-hm-Is AXv icn-b-sv ]d-p. ImcWw ZpxJ-tZz-jn-bmb Bmhv kzbw ZpxJs Dm-p--Xmb tcmK-tmSv Bm-hns\ Hcn-epw tNp--X Fm ctPm-Kp-W-tmSpw Xtam-Kp-W-tmSpw IqSn-tN kXz-Kp-W-kw--I-amb a\-mWv ico-c-n-tbpw tcmK--fp-tSbpw D]-nv Imc-Ww.

hmtcy-hn-Z-kvXp-t\-Xyml \tlyIw ImcWw a\x

\t icocw imcocm tcmKm \ a\k-nXn.

ck-Pm-\nXp {`Xm\n hym[-b ]rY-Kzn[mx

Bt]m-ln-c-k-h-XykvXmx kvarXm \nhr-n-tl-Xhx.

11

12

ic-tem-amhv ]d--Xp-tI-nv hmtcym-hn-Z-\m-Is AXv icn-b-sv ]dp a\-sm-p-am-{X-a tcmtKm-ev]-nv Imc-Ww. ico-cs IqSmsX imco-cn-I-amb tcmK-ns nXntbm a\-ns nXntbm Dm-Ip--X-. Pohn-Ifpw Ahp-m-Ip \m\m-hn[ tcmK-fpw ck-P-\y-am-Ip-p. (A-Xm-bXv amXm-]n-Xm--m-cpsS Blm-c-P-\y-amb ck-kw-`qX iq-tim-WnXw hgn-bmbpw K`n-Wn-bpsS Blm-c-P-\y-amb ckw-h-gn-bmbpw Pohn-Ifpw Ah-cpsS tcmK-fpw Dm-Ipp Fw.) Fm shw ]m-`u-Xo-X-amb ck-kw-_-n-bm-Ip-p. B shs tcmK--fpsS ia-\-npw D-h-npw Imc-W-am-sW--d-b-Ww.

lnc-Wym-kvXp t\Xyml \wlymam-c-kPx kvarXx

\mXo-{nbw a\x kn-tcmKmx i_vZmZnPkvXYmx

j[m-Xp-PkvXp ]pcp-jm-tcmKux j[m-Xp-P-kvXYm

cminx j[m-XptPm tlyj-kmw-ssJy-cmssZyx {]IonXx

13

14

hmtm-hn-Z ]d-Xv tInv lnc-Wym--\m-Is AXv icn-b-sv ]d-p. ImcWw ck-P-\y-a-. AXo-{n-bhpw (C-{nb tKmN-c-a-m--Xpw) a\pw ck-P-\y-a-. An-s\-bm-sW-n tcmK- i_vZm-Zn-P-\y-am-bn-cn--Ww. Fm ]pcp-j ]-a-lm-`q-Xhpw Bmhpw IqSn-t-Xp-amb j[mXp kaq-l-Z-\y-amb Cu ]pcp-js\ kw_-nv ]qm-Nm-cy-m-cmb kmwJy-Im-c-m-cm {]Ion--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v.

XY-{_p-hmWw Ipin-I-aml Xt-Xn-iu-\Iw

IkvamamXm ]nXr`ymw ln hn\m-j [mXp-tPm-`-th.

]pcpj ]pcp-jmZm KutKm-c-izm-Zizx ]pPm-btX

ss]{Xm-ta-lm-Z-b-tmm tcmKm-kvXm-h{X Imc-Ww.

15

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A{]-Imcw Iin-I (ln-c-Wym-) ]d-Xv tInv An-s\-b-s-mbn iu\-I. ImcWw amXm-]n-Xm--msc IqSmsX j[m-Xp-P-\y-amb qe ]pcp-j Fn-s\-bp-mIpw?. IqSmsX a\p-jy-\n \nv a\p-jy ]ip-hn\nv ]ip IpXn-c-bn IpXnc Fo {Ia-nse Dm-Ip-p-p. am{X-a ss]Xr-I-ambn {]ta-lw, IpjvTw apX-emb tcmK- Dm-p-I-bpw sNpp AXp-sImv tcmK- Dm-Ip-hm-\p ImcWw amXm-]n-Xm--m-cm-Ip-p.

`{Z-Im-]ykvXp t\Xyml \ lytmƒ m {]Pm-btX

amXm-]n-t{Xm-c-]nN {]mKp-ev]-n PmbtX

I-P-kvXp-atXm Pp I-Pm-kvXky Nmabmx

\ lrtX ImW P-tcm-KWmw ]pcp-jky hmx

17

18

iu\-I ]dXv tInv `{Z-Im-]y-\m-Is AXv icn-b-sv ]d-p. ImcWw amXm-]n-Xm--m-cn \nmWv Phpw tcmK-fpw Dm-Ip--sX-n Fp-sImv A\v A-{]P Dm-Ip-n.? am{X-a amXm-]n-Xm--m-cpsS ]qtm]n Fhn-sS-\n-mWv XpS-n-b-sXpw \n-b-an-. AXp-sImv Pohn-I P\n-p-Xv I-^-e-n--\p-k-cn-m-Ip-p. Ah-\p-m-Ip tcmK--fpw, I-P-\y-am-Ip-p. Iw IqSmXw tcmK-fpw ]pcp-j\pw Dm-Ip--X-.

`c-Zzm-PkvXp t\Xyml Im-]qw ln IWx

ZrjvSw \ NmIrXw I-b-k-kym ]pcpjx ^ew

`mh-tlXpx kz`m-hkvXp hym[ohmw ]pcp-jkyN.

Jmt{Zh Ntem-jvWXzw tXtPmƒ \vXm\mw bssY-h-ln.

19

20

`{Z-Im-]y ]d-Xv tInv `c-Zzm-P-\-Is AXv icn-b-sv ]d-p. ImcWw I-nv apv AXn-smcv Imhv thWw. Imhv Hpw sNm-Xn-cp-m Iw- Im-WpX. An-s\-bp I-^-e-amWv ]pcp-j. B j[m-Xp-P\y ]pcp-j-tbpw tcmK--fp-sSbpw P-Im-cWw kz`m-h-am-Ip-p. AXv F{]-Im-c-sa-m Jcw, {Zhw, Ne, DjvWw Fnh `qan, shw, hmbp, An Fn-h-bpsS kz`m-h-sa--t]m-e-bm-Ip-p.

Im-b-\kvXp t\Xym-l-\-lym-cwt` ^ew-`-th

`th kz`m-thm `mhm-\m-a-kn--n-n-tc-hN

{kjvSm-Xz-anX kt]m {_m-]Xyw {]Pm-]Xn

tNX\m tNX-\-kymk PKXx kpJx ZpJtbmx

21

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`c-Zzm-P ]d-Xv tInv Imm-b-\-\m-Is AXv icn-b-sp ]d-p. ImcWw kz`mhw \nan--amWv `mh-pw (hn-Imc ico-cm-Zn-Ipw) ip`m ip`-pw knnbpw Akn-nbpw Dm-Ip--sX-n- Irjn, hmWnPyw, bw apX-emb I-v ^e-kn-n-bn-sv hcpw. Atm kz`m-h-Py-am-Wv. ]pcp-j\pw kz`m-h-P-\y-amWv tcmKhpw Fv ]dbp-Xv icn-b-s-w. Fm tNX-\hpw AtN-X-\-hp-amb Cu PK-n-sbpw kpJ-Zpx-J--fp-sSbpw {kjvSmhv A]-cn-anX k]-tmSp IqSnb {_m-hns ]p{X-\mb {]Pm-]-Xn-bm-Ip-p.

XtXn `np-cm-t{Xbx \ly-]-Xy-{]-Pm-]Xnx

{]Pm-ln-ssXjo kX-Xw-ZpxssJbpPym-Z-km-[q-h

Ime-P-kvtXzh ]pcpjx Ime-Pm-kvX-ky-Nm-abx

PKIm-e-hiw kw-Imex k-{X-Im-c-Ww.

23

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Imm-b-\ ]d-Xv tInv At{Xb `np-hm-Is AXv icn-b-sv ]d-p. {]P-I-fpsS lnXs B{K-ln-p--Xmb {]Pm-]Xn Zp-\sftmse Xs {]P-Isf Ftmgpw ZpxJn-n-p--X-. AXp-sImv ]pcp-j Ime-P-\y-am-Ip-p. Ah-\p-m-Ip tcmK-fpw Ime-P-\y-am-Wv. PK-smw Ime-n-\-[o-\-amWv Ime-amWv Fm-n\pw Imc-Ww.

XYjoWmw hnhm-Z-Xm-ap-hm-ssNZw ]p\hkpx

ssahw-thm-NX XXzw-ln-Zp-jv{]m]w ]-kw-{i-bm

hmZm kw{]-Xn-hm-Zm ln hZ-tm-\nnXm\nh

]mw ss\h-K-n Xne-]o-U-I-h-ZvKXu

apsshpw hmZ-kw-L ayma-\p-NnyXmw

\mhn-[q-X-Xax kvItm--tb-m\w {]htX

25

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C{]-Imcw Xn-p Ejn-am-tcmSv ]p\kp ]dp \n C{]Imcw hmX-{]-Xn-hmZw \S-t--Xn-. ImcWw Hmtcm-cp--cp-tSbpw A`n-{]mbsaSp-m bYm XXz-n-se-p-hm {]bm-k-am-bn-cn-pw. FXnhm-Zs eywshp hmZn-p--h Hcp \nnX A`n-{]m-b-n-se-msX Fmp Nn s]-h-s\-tmse hw Xncn-p-t]m-Ipw. AXp-sImv C{]-Imcap hmX-kw-L--\--sfmw hnp bYm XXz-sa-m-sWv Nnn-p-I-bmWv th-Xv.

]c-]-s JWvUn-p-Ibpw kz]-s m]n-p-I-bpw sNp--Xmb Am-\m--Imcw hnSmsX Adn-tb hnj-b-n-ep Adnhv Dm-Ip--X-.

tbjm-ta-hln `mKm\mw kk P\m-b\cw

tXjm-tah hn]Zv hym[o hnhn-[m kaq-Zn-c-tb

28

Fm ta]-d Bmhv, a\-v, ckw, jUv[mXp, amXm-]n-Xm--m, Iw, kz`mhw, {_m-hv, Imew apX-emb `mh-v k-X Dm-bm D-a-Kp-W-ap--Xmb a\p-jys\ P\n-n-pw. Ahbvv Xs hn]-p-ap-m-bm ]e-hn-[-n-ep- tcmK-sf Dm-p-Ibpw sNpw, Fv Bt{X-b ]d-p.

XYm-t{X-bky `K-htXm hN-\-a-i-\n-iay ]p\-tch hmaIx Imin-]-Xn-cphm

N `h--am-t{Xbw  `K-hm ! k--\n-an--Pky ]pcp-jky hn]--an

--Pm\mw N tcmKmWmw Ina-`n-hr-n-Im-c-W-an-Xn.

29

Bt{Xb `K-hms hmv tInv Imin-cm-Pm-hmb hma-I hopw Bt{Xb `K-hm-t\mSv tNmZnp  Atbm `K-hms\! D-a-KpW \nan--P-\y-amb ]pcp-js A`n-hr-npw hnKp-W-\n-an--P-\y-amb tcmK--fpsS A`n-hr-npw Imc-W-sa-m-Ipp?

Xap-hmN `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx  lnXm-lm-tcm-]-tbmK GI Gh ]pcp-j-kym`n

hrn-Itcm `hXn Aln-Xm-lm-tcm-]-tbmKx ]p\hym-[o\mw \nan--an-Xn.

30

Bt{Xb `K-hm hma-I-t\mSv ]dp  lnX-amb Blm-c-ns D]-tbmKw Hp-am-{X-amWv ]pcp-js A`n-hr-nsb (h-f-sb) Dm-p--Xv. ]ns Aln-X-amb Blm-c-ns D]-tbmKw tcmK--fpsS hrnpw Imc-W-am-bn-o-cp-p.

Ghw hmZn\w `K-h--am-t{Xb an-thi Dhm-N--I-Y-an-l, `K-h !

lnXm-lnXm \mam-lm-c-Pm-Xm\mw e-W-a-\-]-hmZ a`n-Pm-\m-\mw, lnXk

amJym-Xm\mw ssNh-lym-lmc PmXm-\m-a-lnX kam-Jym-Xm\mw N am{Xm Im

e{In-bm-`qan tZl-tZm-jm-h-m-tajvT hn]-co-X-Im-cn-Xz-ap-]-`m-atl CXn.

31

C{]-Imcw ]d Bt{Xb `K-hm-t\mSv An-th-i ]d-p  Atbm `K-hmt\ ! lnXhpw Aln-X-hp-amb Blmc ]Zm--fpsS icn-bmb eWw R F-s\-bm-W-dn-tb--Xv. am{X-a lnX-sapw Aln-X-sapw ]d-bp--Xmb Blm-c-]-Zm--fpsS am{X, Imew, {Inb (kw-kvm-chpw kwtbm-Khpw) {`qan (tcm-Knbpw tZi-hpw), tZlw, hmXm-Zn-tZmjw Fn-XymZn Ahm hyXym-k--fn hn]-co-Xs Dm-p-Xv Adn-tb--sX-n-s\-bmWv?.

Xap-hmN `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx  bYm-lmc PmX-a-n-thi !kamw-ssh icoc

[m[p {]Ir-Xu-m-]-bXn hnj-amw kao-I-tcm-XotXy XnXw hnn,

hn]-coX aln-I-anXnx GX-nX e-a-a-\-]-hmZw `h-n.

32

Bt{Xb `K-hm An-th-i-t\mSv ]cp  Atbm An-thi ! \msXm-cm-lmc ]Zmw kam-h--bn nXn sNp ico-c-ns hmX-]n  I^  ck  cmZn [mXp-sf {]Ir-Xy-h--bn \np-Ibpw hnj-am-h--bn-em-bn-p [mXp-sf kam-h--bn sImp-h-cn-Ibpw sNp-pthm AXv lnX-am-bn-p--Xm-sW--dn-b-Ww. CXnv hn]-co-X-am-bn-p Blmc ]Zm- Aln-X-am-sWpw Adn-b-Ww. CXmWv lnXhpw Aln-Xhpambn-p Blm-c-]-Zm--fpsS icn-bmb e-Ww.

Ghw hmZn\w N `K-h--am-t{Xb an-thi DhmN  `K-h \ tXzX

tZh-ap-]-hnjvSw {`qbnjvT I]mx km-`n-jPm hnm-ky-n.

33

C{]-Imcw ]d Bt{Xb `K-hm-t\mSv An-th-i ]dp  Atbm `K-hmt\ ! Xm-fm D]-tZ-in--sv lnXhpw Aln-X-hp-amb Cu Blmc e-W- Fm sshZy-mpw {Kln-p-hm Ign-bp--X-.

Xap-hmN `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx  tbjmw hnZn-X-am-lm-c-X-Xz-a-n-thi ! KpW

tXm {ZhyXx IXx km-h-b-h-X a{Xm-Z-tbm-`mhmx X GX-tZh

ap]-ZnjvSw hnm-Xp-apk-lt bYmXp Jtez-X-tZ-h-ap-]-ZnjvSw `qan

jvTI]mx k Gh `ojtPm hnm-ky-n, XssY-X-Zp-]-tZ-ymtam am

{XmZo\ khm\p-Zm-l-cp tXjmw ln _lp-hn[m hnI]m `h-n.

34

A{]-Imcw ]d Bt{Xb `K-hm-t\mSv An-th-i ]dp  Atbm An-thi ! KpWw, {Zhy-hy-Xym-kw, Iw, am{X  Imew apX-emb `mh- Fo k hn`m-K--fmepw Cu Alm-c-X-Xzs B-dn-bm Ign-bptam Ah Cu D]-tZ-in--s-Sp--Xns\ Adn-bp-hm Hcp-n-p-d-s-Sp-p. Fm Fm sshZy-mpw Adn-bp-hm-\mbn Cu Blmc e-W- F{]-Imcw D]-tZ-in--s-S-Wtam A{]-Im-cw, D]-tZ-in-p-X-cmw. Ah am{XmZn `mh--sfmw Adn-tb--h-cm-Wv. ImcWw Ahbvv At\-I-hn-[-n-ep hyXym-k- Dv.

Blm-c-hn[n hntijmw kvXp Jep e-W-X-m-h-bh Xm\p hym

Jymkymax

35

Fm Blm-c-hn[n hnti-j--sfmw e-W--tfmSpw hyXym-k--tfmSpw IqSn hnkvX-cnp hnhn-cn-p-X-cmw.

XZym-Ym.. Blm-c-Xz-am-lm-c-ssk-\y-I-hn[w A-t`-Zmx k ]p\Zz-tbm\nx

mh-c-Pw-K-am--I-Xzmx Zznhn[ {]`m-hx, lnXm-ln-tXm-Z hntijm

x NXphn-t[m-]-tbm-Kx, ]m\m-i-\-`y tetlym-]-tbm-Kmx jUm

kzmZx, ck-t`-ZXx jUzn-[-Xzm, hnwi-Xn-Kp-Wmx. Kpcp eLp iotXm

jvW kv\nKv cq a XovW nc kc-arZp ITn\ hniZ ]nne 

vW Jc kqva qe km{-{Z-hm-\p-K-a-\m. A]cn kwtJyb hnI

]x {Zhy kwtbmK kwkvm-cm-Zn-I-cW _mlp-eym.

36

AXv F{]-Im-c-sa-m  Blm-c-n\v Bl-cn-m-s\-p A-ap--Xn-\m Blmcw Hcp-X-c-am-Ip-p. ]ns mhc PwK-am--IXzw \nanw Blm-c-ns DXv`-h-m\w cm-Ip-p. lnX-sa-pw Aln-X-sapw D t`Z-hn-tijw \nanw Blm-c-ns {]`mhw cv hn[-am-Ip-p. IpSn-p-I, Xnp-I-, Nh-p-Xn-p-I, \n-n-pI Fo D]-tbmK hyXymkw \nanw Blm-c-ns D]-tbmKw \mep-hn-[-am-Ip-p. a[p-cw, ]pfn, Dv, Fcn-hv, Ibv]v, Nhv Fn-ns\ ck-hy-Xymkw Bdv hn[-n-em-b-Xp-sImv Blm-c-n-s cpNn Bdv hn[-am-Ip-p. Blm-c- Kpcp, eLp, ioXw, DjvWw, kv\nKvw, cqw, aw, XnvWw, ncw, kcw, arZp, ITn-\w, hni-Zw, ]nn-ew, -Ww, Jcw, kqva qew, km{w, {Zhw Fn-s\ 20  KpW-ap--Xm-Ip-p. {Zhy--fpsS kwtbmK kwkvm-cmZn {Inbm-_m-lpeyw \nanw Blm-c IW-n-mv hyXym-e-ap--Xm-Ip-p.

Xky Jep tb tb hnIm-cm-h-bhm {`bn-jvT-ap-]-bp-Py-t, {`bn-jvT-I]m\mw

N a\p-jymWmw {]IrssXy hlnX Xamm lnX Xam-. XwkvXm

bYm-h-Z\p hymJym-kymax.

37

Fm Blm-c-nv GtXXv {Zhy- IqSp-X-embn D]-tbm-Kn--s-S-Wtam Ah-tbbpw IqSp-X-embn Iev]n-p--h-tbbpw a\p-jy-mv {]IrXym Xs Ghpw lnXhpw Ghpw Aln-X-hp-am-bn-ptXtXm Ahbpw hn[n-{]-Imcw hnh-cnp Xcmw.

XZyYm  temln-X-im-embx iqI-[m-\ym\mw ]y-X-a-tXz-t{i-jvT-Xam `h-n.

apZvKmx ian-[m-\ym-\mw. B-co--ap-Z-Xm-\mw, sskhw eh-Wm\mw Po

ho-im-Im\mw sFtWbw arK-amw-km-\mw, emhx ]o-Wmw, tKm[mhn

tei-b\mw t]mlntXm aym-\mw, Khyw kw knjmw tKmocw

ocm-Wmw, Xne-ssXew mh-c-Pm-Xm\mw kvt\lm\mw hcm-l-hmkm B \q

]ar-K-hm-km-\mw, Npep-tI-h-km-aky-h-km-\mw, ]mI-lwe hkm-km-P-kN

chn-lw-K-h-em-\mw, Ipp-S-hkm hnjvInc iIp-\n-h-km-\mw, AP-taZx imJm

Zta-Z-kmw. irwK-th-c-I-m-\mw,. arZzo-Im-^-em-\mw, ic-cm CvT-hn-Imcm

WmanXn {]Ir-ssXyh lnX-X-am-\m-am-lmc hnIm-cWmw {]m[m-\ytXm {Z

hymWn hymJym-Xm\n `h-n.

38

AXv {]Im-c-sa-m iqI-[m-\y--fn hv Ghpw ]yhpw Ghpw t{ijvT-hp-am-bn-pXv sNs--cn-bm-Ip-p. iao-[m-\y--fn hv sNdp-]-bdpw sh-n shp ag-sh--hpw, Dn Cppw Ce--dn-I-fn AS-]-X-nb-\pw, arK-amw-k--fn am\ns amwk-hpw, ]n-amw-k-fn emh--n-amw-k--fpw, Kpl-bn IqSp Pohn-I-fpsS amwk-n DSp-ns amwk-hpw, aky--fpsS Iq-n tcmlnX ay-hpw, s\n ]ip-hns\-pw, ]mep-I-fn ]ip-hn ]mepw, mh-c-h-kvXp--fn hns-Sp-p kvt\l--fn Fs-bpw B\p-]-ar-K--fpsS hk-bn ]n-h-k-bpw, ay--fpsS hk-bn NpfqIn F ay-ns hk-bpw, \o-n-I-fpsS hk-bn Ac-b--ns hkbpw hnjvn-c--n-I-fpsS hk-bn tImgn-h-k-bpw, imJ-I Xnp--h-bpsS taZ-n Bn taZ-pw. Ing-p-I-fn Cn-bpw, ^e--fn apn-cn--bpw, Icn-n \ocv sImp-m-p--Xn i-cbpw {]Ir-Xym-Xs Ghpw lnX-amb Blm-c--fpsS Iq-n {]m[m-\y-ap {Zhy--fm-sWv hnh-cn-p.

AX Duz-a-ln-Xm-\-]yp-]-tZ-ymax  bhImx iqI-[m-[ym\m a]y

tSm {]Ir-jvS-Xam `h-n, amjmx iao-[m-[ym\mw, hjm-\m-tZ-b-ap-Z-Im\mw

Huj[w eh-Wm\mw kj-]-imIw imIm-\mw, tKmamwkw arK-amw-km\mw

ImW-I-t]mXx ]o-Wmw, t`Z-Im-hn-te-i-bm-\mw, Nnen-Nntam akym

\mw, BhnIw knx knjmx Ahn-ocw ocm-Wmw. Ipepw` kvt\

lx mhc kvt\lm-\mw, aln-i-hkm B\q-]-ar-K-h-km-\mw, UIpw-`o-c-hkm

aky-h-km-\mw, ImI-a-ZvKp-hkm Pk-e-N-c-hnw-lwK hkm-\mw, NS-I-h-km

hnjvInc-i-Ip-\o-h-km-\mw, lkvXn-taZx imJm-Z-ta-Z-kmw, eIpNw ^km-\mw,

BepIw Im\mw, ^mWn-X-ap hnIm-cm-Wm-anXn {]Ir-ssXyh Aln-II

am\m-am-lmc hnIm-cWmw {]Ir-jvS-X-am\n {ZhymWn hymJym-tXm\n `h-n.

CXn lnXm-ln-Xm-h-bthm hymJymX Blmc hnIm-cm-Wmw.

39

C\n Aln-X-amb {Zhy--tfbpw hnh-cn-p-X-cmw. bhIw iqI-Lm-\y--fn shp Ghpw \ny-am-Ip-p. iao-[m-\y--fn shp Dgp-pw, sh--fn hj-nse \Zo-\o-cpw. Dp-I-fn Hmcp-pw, Ce--dn-I-fn IpS-Ins Cebpw ar-K-amw-k--fn tKmamwkhpw, ]n-I-fn Imp-{]mhv amwk-hpw, amf-n hkn-p Pnhn-I-fn Xh-f-bp-tSbpw ay--fn sNo\pw, s\p-I-fn Ahn Bns s\pw, ]mep-I-fn Ahn-bm-ns ]mepw, mhc F-I-fn Ipbn-ns Fbpw B\q-]-ar-K-h-k-bn t]mns hkbpw ay-sm-gp-n apX-e-sm-gp-pw, Pe--n-I-fn \om--bpsS hk-bpw, hnjvn-c-n-n-I-fpSw hk-bn NS-I--n-bpsS hk-bpw,. hr-im-J-I Xnp--h-bpsS taZ-n B\-bpsS taZ-pw, Ing-p-I-fn ap-nbpw ^e--fn Abn-\n-bpw Icn-n\ocv sImp-m-p--Xn \on i--c-bpw. {]Ir-Xym-Xs Blm-c--fpsS Iq-n Ghpw \ny-am-bn-p {Zhy--fm-sWv hnh-cn-p. C{]-Imcw `y-h-n lnXhpw Aln-X-hp-am-bn-p--hsb hnh-cn--s-p.

AtXm-{`bx Iu-j-[m-\m {]m[m-\yXx km\p-_-m\o N {Zhym-Wy\p

hymJym-kym-ax.

40

C\n hopw NnInm I-n D]-tbm-Kn-t--Xmb Huj-[--fp-tSbpw av hn[-n D]-tbm-Kn-t--Xm-b {Zhy--fp-tSbpw {]m[m-\ys hnh-cnp Xcmw.

XZyYm  Aw hrn-I-cmWmw t{ijvS-X-aw, DZ-I-K-am-izm-k-I-cWmw kpcm

{ia-l-cm-Wmw, ocw Poh-\o-bm\mw amwkw _rwl-Wm-bm-\mw. ck-kvX-

Wobm\mw eh-W-a--{Zhy cpNn-I-cm-Wmw, Aw-lr-Zym-\mw, IpptSm _eym

\mw \{I-tcXm hrjym-Wmw.

41

ico-cs \ne-\np--Xnv Aw Ghpw t{ijvT-am-b-Xm-Ip-p. Bizmkw sNp--Xn shhpw oWw Xop--Xn aZyhpw Poh-\o-b--fn ]mepw ico-cs ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p--Xnv amwkhpw Xr]vXn-bp-m-p--Xn\v amwk ckhpw Blm-c-n\v cpNn-bp-m-p--Xn Dpw lrZ-b-{]n-b-am-bn-p--Xn ]pfnbpw _es Dm-p--Xn tImgn-amw-khpw hos hn-n-p--Xn apX-e-bpsS tcXpw (ip-Ivf-hpw) D-a-am-Ip-p.

a[ptjva-]n {]i-a-\m-\mw, kn hmX-]n {]i-a-\m-\mw, ssXew

hmX-tiva {]i-a-\m-\mw, ha\w ivtfjva-l-cm-Wmw, hntc-N\w ]nl

cmWmw hkvXn hmXm-l-cm-Wmw, tkztZm-am-h-I-cm-Wmw, hymbmax ss

cyI-cm-Wmw.

42

I^-]n--sf ian-n-p--Xn tX\pw hmX-]n--sf ian-n-p--Xn s\pw hmX-I-^-sf ian-n-p--Xnv Fs-bpw I^s \in-n-p--Xn ha-\hpw ]ns \in-n-p--Xn hntc-N-\hpw hmXs \in-n-p--Xn hkvXn-{In-bbpw ico-c-n\v am-h-ap-m-p--Xn hnbn-epw ico-c-nv ZrV-X-bp-m-p--Xn hymbm-ahpw D-a-am-Ip-p.

mcx ]pwkvtXzm-]-Lm-Xo\mw Xnp-X-a--{Z-hy-cp-Nn-Im-c-Ww. Ba-I-]n-wI

WvTym\mw, BhnIw kn-c-lr-Zym-\mw, APm-ocw timjLv\ kvX\y km

y c-kw-{Km-lnI timWn-X-]nv {]i-a-\m\mw Ahn-ocw tjva

]n P\-\m-\mw. alnjo ocw kz]v\-P-\-\m-\mw.

43

BW-s t]mp--Xn mchpw A-nv cpNn-bn-m-Xm-p--Xn ]\n-n-bpw IWvTnv Aln-Xs Dm-p--Xn ]gp-m hnfm-m-bbpw lrZy--f-m--h-bn Ipdn-bm-ns s\pw timjs (-bs) \in-n-p-I, ape-m-en-s\ Dm-p-I, kmy-am-bn-cn-p-I, cs \np-I, c-]n-s ian-n-pI Fn-h-bn Bn]mepw I^-]n--sf hn-n-p--Xn Idn-bm-ns ]mepw Dd-ns\ Dm-p--Xn Fcp-a-mepw t{ijvT-am-Ip-p.

aIw Z[y-`n-jy--Im-c-Wmw, Kth-[p-I-Xmmw Ij-Wo-bm-\mw, Dm-f-Imw

hncq-o-bm-\mw, CvT aq{X-Pm-\-\-\mw, bhmx ]pco-j-P-\-\m\mw Pmw_

hw hmX-P-\-\m-\mw, ijv-eywx tjva]n P\-\m-\mw, Ipetm A

]n P\-\m-\mw.

44

A`n-jy-s (t{km-X-p-I-fn Ivfn-X-sb) Dm-p--Xn ssXcn sXfnbpw ico-cs saen-bn-n-p--Xn Imv tKmX-ns tNmdpw ico-c-nv cq-Xsb Dm-p--Xn Imp-h-c-In tNmdpw aq{Xs hn-n-p--Xn Icnpw aes Dm-p--Xn Rmh-ghpw I^-]n--sf Dm-p--Xn Dgppw Acnbpw tNp-sh Inbpw (ap-dp-pw) A-]n-s Dm-p--Xn apXn-cbpw t{ijvT-am-Ip-p.

aZ-\-^ew ha\m m]-\m-i-hm-k-t\m] tbmKo-\mw, {Xnhr kpJ-hntc

N\m-\mw. NXp-cw-Kpew arZp-hn-tc-N-\m-\mw, kv\pIv]bx XovW hntc

N\m-\mw. {]Xy-Iv]pjv]n intcm-hn-tc-N-\m-\mw, hnUwKw Iran-Lv\m-\mw, in

cotjm hnj-Lv\m-\mw, JZn-cw-Ip-jvT-Lv\m-\mw, cmkv\m-hm-X-Lv\m-\mw, Ba

lcm-Wmw, ]nn-eo-aqew Zoc-\ob ]mN-\o-bm-\ml {]ia-\m-\mw, DZoNyw

\nm-]-Wob ]mN-\ob Oy-Xn-km-c-l-cmWmw ISzw-K-ap-kvX kw{Kmln

Im Zo]-\o-bm-\mw.

45

ha-\-npw Ijm-b-h-kvXnpw kvt\l-h-kvXnpw D]-tbm-Kn-p--h-bn ae-m-c-bvbpw kpJ-tim-[-\-bp-m-p--Xn ]Ip-bpw Aev]-tim-[-\-bp-m-p--Xn sImbpw XovW tim[\-bp-m-p--Xn In-m-epw intcm-hn-tc-N-\-n-p-]-tbm-Kn-p--Xn henb IS-em-Snbpw Iransb \in-n-p--Xn hngm-e-cnbpw hnjs \in-n-p--Xn s\t-\n-hm-Ibpw IpjvTs \in-n-p--Xn Icn-m-enbpw hmXs \in-n-p--Xn Ac-bpw Bbp-ns\ \ne-\np--h-bn s\n-bpw ]y-{Z-hy--fn ISp-bpw hrjyhpw hmX-l-c-hp-amb Huj-[--fn Bh-W-n thcpw Zo]-\o-bhpw ]mN-\o-bhpw B\m-ls ian-n-p--Xp-amb Huj--fn Imp-Xn--en-th-cpw, Zmls ian-n-p-Ibpw PT-cm-nsb Zo]vX-am-p-Ibpw As ]Nn-n-p-Ibpw Oy-Xn-km-c-sf \in-n-p-Ibpw sNp Huj-[--fn Ccp-th-enbpw ae-_--\o-bhpw Zo]-\o-bhpw ]mN-\o-b-hp-amb Huj[--fn ]me-I--m-\bpw ap-bpw t{ijvT-am-Ip-p.

A\m km{Kn-lnI Zoc-\ob c-]n {]i-a-\m-\mw, Nn{X-I-aqew Zo

]-\ob KpZ-tim-^mix iqe-lm-cmWmw ]pjvI-c-aqew lnm-izm-k-Ime

]miz-iq-e-l-ImWmw Aar-Xm-kw-{Km-lnI Zoc-\o-b-em-X-lc tjvatim

WnX hn_ {]i-a-\m-\mw, hnezw-kw-{Km-lnI Zo]-\ob hmX-I^ {]

ia-\m-\mw. AXn-hnim Zo]-\ob ]mN-\ob kw{Km-lnI tZmj-l-cm-Wmw,

D]-e-] Ipap-Z-In-RvPnx kw{Km-lnI c-]n {]i-a\m

\mw Zqcm-e`m ]n-t-jvtam] timj-Wm-\mw. K-{]n-bwKpx timWnX

]nm-Xn-tbmK {]i-a-\m-\mw.

46

hn_--\n-bhpw Zo]-\o-bhpw c-]n {]i-a-\o-b-hp-amb Huj-[--fn sImSn-q-hbpw Zo]-\s Dm-p-Xpw KpZ-tim-^w, Ai-v, hb-n thZ\ Fn-hsb \in-n-p--Xp-am-b. Huj-[--fn sImSp-th-cn-n-gpw Fn-v, izmk-tcm-Kw, Imkw, hmcn- thZ\ Fn-hsb \in-n-p Huj-[--fn ]pjv-c-aq-e-hpw, ae-_--\o-bhpw Zo]-\hpw hmX-c-ln-Xhpw I^--c XS--sf ian-n-p--Xp-amb Huj-[--fn Nn-arXpw aes _n-n-p-Xpw Zo]-\o-bhpw hmX  I^-sf ian-n-p--Xp-amb Huj-[--fn Iqh-fhpw Zo]-\o-bhpw ]mN-\o-bhpw hn_--\o-bhpw kq-tZm-j-sf ian-n-p--Xp-amb Huj-[--fn AXn-hn-S-bhpw aes _n-n-p-Xpw c-]n-s ian-n-p-Xpamb Huj-[--fn \oe-m-a-c, sh-m-a-c, B Fn-h-bpsS Anbpw ]n-I-^-sf timjn-n-p--In Ipp-ahpw D-a-am-Ip-p.

IS-P-XzIv tjva-]n c-kw-{Km-ln-tIm] timj-Wm-\mw. Imiva-cy-^ew

c-km-{K-lnI timWn-X-]n {]i-a-\m-\n, {]iv\o]o kw{Kmln

I Zo]-\ob hmX-lc hrjym-Wmw, hnZm-cn-Km hrjym-e tZmil

cmWmw, _em-kw-{K-lnI _ey-hm-X-l-cm-Wmw, `Km-vTtcm aq{X-Irm \o

el-cm-Wmw, lnwKp-\n-cymkxtOZ-\ob Zo]-\ob t`Z-\o-bm\p temanI hm

X I^ {]i-a-\m-\mw.

47

I^w, ]nw, cw Fn-hsb XSp \np--Xnepw Chsb timjn-n-p--Xnepw IpS-I-me thmtmepw cw t]mIp--Xns\ \np--Xnepw c-]n-s ian-n-p--Xn-epw Iap-Zn Imbbpw ae_-\o-bhpw Zo]-\o-bhpw hmX-l-chpw hrjy-hp-am-b-h-bn Hmcn-e-thcpw, hrjyhpw k-tZm-j-sf ian-n-p--Xp-am-b Huj-[--fn aqhn-e-thcpw ae-_-s Dm-p-Xpw _es hn-n-p-Xpw hmXs ian-n-p--Xn sRcn-nepw tZmj-sf tOZn-p-I-f-bp-I, Ansb Zo]vX-am-p-I, tZmj-sf t`Zn-p-I-f-bp-I-bpw, A\p-tem-a-am-p-Ibpw sNp-I. hmX-I-^-sf ian-n-pI Fn-h-bn Imbhpw D-a-am-Ip-p.

A-th-Xtkm t`Z-\ob Zo]-\o-bm-\p-tem-anI hmX-ivtf-jva-l-cm-Wmw.

bmh-iqIx {kwk-\ob ]mN-\o-bmtimLv\m-\mw, X{Im-`ymtkm {KlWo

tZmjmtim LrX-hym-] {]i-a-\m-\mw, ka-LrX kq-Im-`ym-tkm-hrtjym

Zmh lcm-Wmw, {IhymZ amwkm-`ymtkm {Kl-Wo-tZm-j-tim-jmiLv\m

\mw oc-Lr-Xm-`ymtkm ckm-b-\m-\mw.

48

t`Z\-hpw, Zo]-\hpw A\p-tem-a-\hpw hmX-I-^-l-chpw sNp--Xn ]pfn hn-m-bbpw tZmj-sf Cf-p-Ibpw Bas ]Nn-n-p-Ibpw Ai-ns\ \in-n-p-Ibpw sNp Huj-[fn Nhm-chpw {Kl-Wo-tZm-jw, Ai-v, s\v, IqSp-X D]-tbm-Kn--Xp-sIm-p tZmiw Fn-hsb ian-n-p--Xn tamcv ioen-p-Xpw hos hn-n-p-Xpw DZm-hs \in-n-p--Xp-amb Huj-[-fn s\v kaw aesmSn tNp \nXyw ioen-p-Xpw {Kl-Wo-tZm-jw, ico-c-timjw, Aiv Fn-hsb \in-n-p--Xn amwkw Xnp Pohn-I-fpsS amwkw \nXyw D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xpw ckm-b-\--fn ]mepw s\pw ioen-p-Xpw D-a-amIpp.

ssXe-K-qtjm Z-_-e-cp-Nn-Im-c-Wmw, N-t\m-Zpw-_cw Zml-\-\nm]

Wm\mw, ckv\m-Kp-cpWn ioXm] \b\ {]te-]-\m-\mw, ema--tIm-iotc

Zml-Xz-Km-tZmj tkzZm-]-\-b\ {]te-]-\m-\mw, IpjvTw hmX lcm-`yw-tKm]

\ml-tbm-Kn-\mw.

49

]n-p-dpw cpNnbpw Dm-Ip--Xn ssXew hmbn-hn-fp-Xpw Npp-\o-d ian-n-p--Xn N-\hpw Anbpw ioXs ian-n-p Huj-[--fn Ac-bpw AXnepw Npp-\o-depw XzKvtZ-jhpw hnbpw ian-n-p te]-\u-j-[--fn cp-PmXn cma-hpw hmX-l-cm-`yw-K-npw D]-\m-l-tkz-Z-npw D]-tbm-Kn-p {Zhy--fn sImm-chpw D-a-am-Ip-p.

a[pIw Npjy hrjy-tI-iy-IWvTy hy-_ey hnc-U-\o-b-tcm-]-Wo-bm-\mw,

hmbpx {]mW-kw-m-[m\ tlXq-\mw, An-cma kvXw`-ioX iqtem-tZz-]\

{]i-a-\m-\mw, Pew-kvXw-`-\o-bm-\mw, ar`-jvS-temivS \nm-]nX apZIw XrjvWm XntbmK {]i-a-\m-\mw, AXn-am-{Xm-i-\-ama {]tZm-j-tl-Xq-\mw, bYm-y`y hlm-tcmƒn kq--Wm-\mw, bYm kmyw tNjvSm`y h_m-cmhp ]tk-hym\mw Xr]vXn-cm-lp-c-Kp-Wm-\mw.

50

Inv lnX-am-bn-p-Xpw hos hn-n-p-Xpw Xe-ap-Snv \Xpw I-ip-n-bp-m-p-Xpw h-{]-km-Zs Dm-p-Xpw _es hn-n-p-Xpw ae-aq-{X-sf t\sc-bm-p-Xpw hrWsf DW-p--Xp-amb {Zhy--fn Cc-n-a-[p-chpw {]mW-t\bpw Hm-X-tbbpw {]Zm\w sNp apJy-Im-c-W--fn hmbphpw Baw, kvXw`w, ioXw, iqe-th-Z-\, hnd-b Fn-hsb ian-n-p--Xn Hmn-enp hdpv ]qgn-bn Hgn-p-X-Wn shhpw D-a-am-Ip-p. Ba-tZm-js Dm-p Imc-W--fn AXn-bmb Blmcw {][m-\-am-Ip-p. An-Zo-]vX-am-p--Xn PT-cm-n--\p-k-cn Blmcw apJy-am-Ip-p. tkh-\ob I-fn kmy-amb (A-\p-Iq-e-am-b) Blm-c-hn-lm-c- t{ijvT-am-Ip-p. Blm-c-Kp-W-fn Xr]vXn D-a-am-Ip-p.

Ime-t`m-P-\-am-tcmKy Ic-Wmw, thK-\-m-cW a\m-tcmKy Ic-Wmw, aZyw

kua-\ky P\m-\mw, aZy-t-t]m-[o-[r-Xn-kvarXn lcm-Wmw, Kpcp-t`m-P-\w,

Zphn-]m-Im-\mw, GI-t`m-P\w kpJ-]-cnWmw Icm-Wmw.

51

Btcm-Kys Dm-p--Xn IrXy-k-a-bv Ign-p Blm-chpw tcmKs Dm-p--Xn {]h-am-\-amb ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-th-K-sf [cn-p-Xpw a\-nv ktm-j-ap-m-p--Xn aZy-hpw, _pn, ss[cyw, [mc-Wm-in Fn-hsb \in-n-p--Xn AXn-a-Zy-]m\w \nan--ap-m-Ip a-Xbpw Zln-n-p-hm- hnja-ap--Xn Kpcp-Xz-ap Blm-chpw kpJ-ambn Zln-p--h-bn GI tIme-t`mP-\hpw apJy-am-Ip-p.

ip{I-th-K-\n-Kv]lx imWvU-I-cm-Wmw, kv{XnjzXn {]kwKw timj-Im-c-Wmw,

]cm-b-X\w Am-{i-m-P-\m-\mw, A\-i-\-am-bp-tjm-{lk Icm-Wmw, {]an

Xmi\w Ii-\o-bm-\mw, APom-i\w {Kl-Wo-Zq-j-Wm\mw hn,-am-i\w

An-ssh-jay Icm-Wmw, hncp--ho-cym-i\v \nnX hym[n-I-cm-Wmw.

52

\]pw-k-I-Xzs Dm-p--Xn i-{]-h-\s XS-bepw timjs Dm-p--Xn AXn-bmb kv{Xotk-hbpw Blm-c-n A{i--bp-m-Ip--Xn ]c-[o-\-Xbpw Bbp-ns\ Ipd-p--Xn D]-hm-khpw ico-cs saen-bn-p--Xp-I-fn Aev]-am-{Xm-lm-chpw {KlWotZm-js Dm-p--Xn hnj-am-i-\hpw IpjvTmZn \nn-X-tcm-K--fp-m-p--Xn ho-hn-cp--amb Blm-chpw {][m-\-am-Ip-p.

{]iax ]ym-\mw, Bbmkx km ]ym-\mw, anym-tbmtKm hym[n

Icm-Wmw, cP-kz-em`n Ka-\-a-e-vao-I-cm-Wmw, {_-N-cy-am-bp-jym-Wmw,

kt]m hrjym-Wmw, Zua-\-kym-hr-jym-Wmw, AbYm _e-am-cw`x {]m

tWm]-tcm-[n-\mw, hnjmtZm tcmK-h-\m\mw kv\m\w {ia-l-cm-Wmw, l

j{]o-W-\m-\mw, timIx timj-Wm-\mw, \nhrnx ]pjvSn-I-cm-Wmw, Xp

jvSnx kz]v\-I-cm-Wmw, AXn-kz]v\x X{m-I-cmWmw k-c-k-`ymtkm _e

Icm-Wmw, GI-c-km-`ymtkm Zu_-ey-I-cm-Wmw, K`-i-ey-am-lm-cy-Wmw, A

Po-ap-m-cym-Wmw, _mtem-ar-Zp-t`-j-Po-bm\mw, hrtm-bm-]ym-\mw.

53

]y-am-bn-p--h-bn imnbpw km ]y--fn Bbm-khpw tcmKfpm-p--Xn Ime--_p-n--C-{n-bm-Zn-I-fpsS anym-tbm-Khpw A{inIc-am-bn-p--Xn EXp-h-mb kv{Xosb {]m]n-epw Bbp-ns\ hn-n-p--Xn {_lm-a-N-cyhpw hrjy-am-b-Xn k-ev]hpw Ahr-jy-am-b-h-bn timINn-mZn Zuc-a-\-kyhpw {]mW-\m-i-I-am-b-Xn Xn Ihn _ew {]tbm-Kn-epw tcmK-sf hn-n-p Imc-W--fn ZpxJhpw oWw Xop--h-bn Ipfnbpw Xr]vXn-bp-m-p--h-bn {]k--Xbpw ico-cs timjn-n-p--Xp-I-fn ZpxJhpw ico-cs t]mjn-n-p Imc-W--fn a\--am-[m-\hpw Dd-p-m-p--Xn ktm-jhpw aSn Dm-p--h-bn AXn-\n-{Zbpw ico-c-n\v _e-ap-m-p--h-bn Fm ckhpw ioen-epw _e--b-ap-m-p--h-bn GI ckym-`ym-khpw s]sv ]pd-t-s-Spp Iftb--Xp-I-fn aqV-K` ieyhpw XnIpw \in-n-t--Xn APohpw arZp-hmb Huj[w sImSp-t--h-cn _me\pw Huj-[w -Xp-Sp-sImSpt-h-cn hr\pw {][m-\-am-Ip-p.

K`nWo XvWuj[ hyhmb hymbma h-\o-bm-amw, kua-\-kyw

K`-[m-c-Wm-\mw, kn-]m-tXm-jvNn-Inkym-\mw, tam hnja NnIn

kym\mw, Pztcm-tcm-Km-Wmw, IpjvTw ZoL-tcm-Km-Wmw, cmP-b-vam-tcmK eap

lm\mw, {]tatlm A\p-jw-Kn-Wmw, Pfu-Itk A\p-i-kv{Xm-Wmw. hkvXnkvX

{mWw, lna-hm-t\m-j[n {`ao-\mw, tkma-tm-j-[o-\mw, acp-`q-cm-tcmKy

tZim\w B\qt]m ƒlnX-tZ-im-\mw, \nt-i-I-cn-Xz-am-Xpc KpWm-\mw, A

\nt-i-Im-cn-Xz-a-cn-jvSm-\mw.

54

XovWuj[w, ssaYp-\w, hymbmaw Fnh hn-t--h-cn K`n-Wnbpw K`w [cn-p-hm-\p Imc-W--fn a\--tm-jhpw IjvS-kmy tcmK--fn kn-]m-Xhpw NnIn-n--p-hm hnja-ap--Xn Ba-tZm-jhpw tcmK--fn Pzchpw ZoL-tcm-K--fn IpjvThpw Hcp tcmK-n At\Iw tcmK--fp-m-p--Xn bhpw amdn-bm-epw amdm tcmK--fn {]ta-lhpw A\p-i-kv{X--fn Abpw I--fn hkvXn-Ihpw Huj-[-fp-m-Ip `qan-I-fn lnam-eb ]-Xhpw Huj-[--fn N{\pw Btcm-Kys DmpI tZi--fn sshZys \nt-i-n--ap-k-cnp {]hn-epw acW e-W--fn sshZys \nt-is kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cn-epw {][m-\-am-Ip-p.

`njIv NnInkIm\mw, \kvXntIm ƒhcym-Wmw, ssekyw ti-I-cm-Wmw,

A\nttZm hm e-Wm-\mw, sshZy kaqtlm \nm-i-b-Im-c-Wmw,

tbmtKm sseZy-Kp-Wm-\mw, hnm-\-au-j-[m-\mw, imkv{X-k-lnX X; km

[\m-\mw, kw{]-Xn-]nx Ime-m\ {]tbm-P-\m-\mw, Ahy-h-kmbx Im

emXn {]Xn-tK-Xq-\mw, ZrjvS-IXm \nw-i-b-I-cm-Wmw, -A-k-aXm `b

cmWmw, XZznZy kw`mjm _pn h-\m-\mw, BNmcyx imkv{Xm-[n-Ka

tlXq-\mw, BbqttZm ƒarXm-\mw.

55

]mZ-]-Xp-jvS-b-amb NnI-mw-K--fn sshZy-\pw, kzoI-cn-m ]mSn-m--h-cn \mkvXn-I-\pw, Ivtfis Dm-p Imc-W--fn B{K-l-hpw, Btcm-Ky-e--W--fn Akz--X-bn-m-bvIbpw \nZm-\-e--Wm-Zn-I-fpsS kwibw Xop--Xn sshZy-k-aq-lhpw sshZy-Kp-W--fn Huj-[-ns kay-I-{]tbmKhpw Huj[--fpsS Adn-hn Ah-bpsS \mam-Zn-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Adnhpw Imcy-kn-n-bn imkv{Xm\p-kr-X-amb Xhpw Ime-m-\-{]-tbm-P-\--fn tk{]-Xn-]-nbpw Imk-Xm-ak Imc-W--fn Dm-ln-\nbw kwibw Xop--Xp-I-fn {]hn-p-I-n-p Adnhpw `b--c--fn kmay-an-m-bvIbpw _pnsb hn-n-p--Xp-I-fn _pn-am-m-cp-am-bp kw`m-j-Whpw imkv{X-m\ Imc-W-fn BNm-cy\pw Aar-X-I-fn Bbpt-Zhpw {][m-\-am-Ip-p.

kZz-N-\-a-\p-jvtT-bm\mw. Akw-_--h-N\ kw{K-lWw km-ln-Xm\mw

k-k-\ymkx kpJ-I-cm-Wmw.

56

A\p-jvTn-t I--fn k]p-cp-j-m-cpsS hmpw Fm Aln-X--fnepw shv Akw-_--amb hmp-I kzoI-cn-epw kpJ-a-m-p--h-bn k-kwK ]cn-Xym-Khpw {][m-\-am-Ip-p.

`h-n-Nm{X

A{KymWmw iX-ap-njvSw bzn ]m-i-Zp-cw

Ae-ta-X-Zzn-Im-cWw hnLm-Xm-tbm-]-Xn-iy-sX.

57

C{]-Imcw Ghpw t{ijvT-amb 152 {][m\ `mh-sf \nt-in--s-p. Ch tcmK--fpsS \mi-n\v ]cym-]vX-am-Wv.

kam-\-Im-cntWm ƒtb mkvtXjmw t{ijvTky eWw

PmbkvXmw Imcy-Im-cotXm ƒhc-Xzw-Nm-]yp-Zm-lr-Zw.

58

Cu ]d--h-bn GXm\pw NneXv Xpey-I--fp--Xmbn ]d-b-s-pthm Ah-bpsS t{ijvT-amb eWw DZm-l-c-W-ambn ]d-b-s Imcy-I-r-Xz-n-ep D-ahpw A[ahpw t\mn a\-n-em--Ww.

hmX-]n It^-`ybZn-b {]i-a-t\-lnXw

{][m-\y-X \nnjvSw bZvhym-[n-l-c-ap--aw.

59

hmX  ]n I^ ia-\-n\v GtXXv lnX-amtWm Ahbpw tcmK-i-a-\-n\v D-a-tatXm Ahbpw {][m-\-ambn \nt-in--s-p.

GX-\y-iay \n]p-W-n-Inymw kw{]-tbm-P-tb

GhwIp kZm-sshtZym [-Imau ka-iv\p-tX.

60

Cu ]d A{K-Kp-W-sf tIv a\-n-em-n-bnv ka-\mb sshZy NnIn sN-Ww. C{]-Imcw NnIn sNp sshZy Fm-bvtmgpw ]pcp-jm--fmb [-Im-a-sf A\p-`-hn-pw.

]yw ]tYm ƒ\t]-Xw N btmw a\-k-{]nbw

bm-{]n-b-a-]yw N \nbXw X-e-y-tX.

61

ico-cs aptmv \bn-p am-n \nv hgn sXn-m-Xpw a\-n\v {]nb-am-bn-p-Xv GtXm AXv ]y-am-Ip-p. a\-n\v {]nb-a-m-Xpw \nXyw ioe-an-m-Xpw GtXm AXv A]-y-am-Ip-p.

am{Xm-Im-e-{In-bm-`qan tZl-tZmj KpWm-cw

{]m]ym-X-n Zriy-t-tXtX `mhm-kvXYm XYm.

62

ta]-d X-im-eymZn 152  t{ijvT-Xz-`m-h- cm{Xw, Imew, {Inb (kw-kvm-cm-Zn) tZiw, tZlw, tZmjw Fn-h-bpsS KpW-hyXym-k-sf {]m]n-nv AXn-\-\p-k-cnv lnXw Aln-X-ambpw AlnXw lnX-ambpw ImWp--Xm-Wv. AXm-bXv c-i-eym-Zn-I-fpsS lnXm-ln-XXzw am{Xm  Ime {Ibm-Zn-Isf B{ibn-m-Wn-cn-p--sX-w. DZm-l-c-W-ambn ]d-m s\v kzXth ]y-am-sW-nepw am{X-bn IqSp-X-em-bmepw hk--Im-e-nepw hncp {Zhy--tfmSp tNv kwkv-cn--s-mepw hk Ime-nepw B\p-]-tZ-i-n hkn-p--hpw AXn-q-e-mpw I^ tcmK-nepw A]-y-am-bn-cnpw. AXp-t]mse Xs A]-y-amb hnjw am{Xm-Zn-I-\p-k-cn-m-bm ]y-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw.

XkvXm kz`mthm \nn-ivS-kvXYm am{Xm-Zn-cm-{ibx

XZ-t]-tym-`b I-{]-tbmPyw knnannXm.

63

AXp-sImv c-i-eym-Zn-I-fpsS lnXm-ln-XXz kz`m-h-sbpw Ah-bpsS am{Xm  Ime {InbmZn B{i-b-sbpw \nt-in--s-p. ^e-knn thW-sa-m-{K-ln-p sshZy B cv Imcy--sfbpw At]-n-nv NnIn--bn ]m\m-i-\mZn Iw {]tbm-Kn--Ww.

XZm-t{X-bky `K-htXm hN\ a\p-\niay ]p\c]n `K-h--am-t{X-b-th

iD-hm-N--b-tYm-t-k-a`n \nnjvSx tIhtemƒbatm `K-hXm {ipXm

kvXzkvam-`nx. Bk-h-{Z-hym-Wm-an-Zm\ow e-W-a-\Xn kwt-]-tWm-]-Zniy

am\w iq{iq-jma CXn.

64

Bt{Xb `K-h-ms B hmv tInv hopw Bt{X-bS `K-hm-t\mSv An-th-i ]dp  Xm \nt-in-Xp {]Imcw \nt-in--s Cu apgp-h hnj-bhpw R tIp-a-\-n-emn C\n Bk-h-{Z-hy--fpsS eWw IqSp-X Npcp-msX D]-tZ-in--s-Sp-Xv Rv tI-Ww.

Xap-hmN `K-hm-\m-t{Xb:  [m\y-^-e-aq-e-emc ]pjv]-Im ]{X-XztNm Zh

ymk-h-tbm\tbm ƒnh-tei ! kw{K-tl-WmjvSu icm \hayx

65

Bt{Xb `K-hm ]dp  Atmb An-thim ! [m\yw, ^ew, aqew, kmcw, ]pjv]w, Imw, Ce, tXmev Fo Fpw H]-Xm-a-Xmbn i-cbpw Npcp--n Bk-h-ap-m-m-\p {Zhy--fm-Ip-p.

XmkvtXzh {Zhy-kw-tbmK Ic-WtXmƒ ]cn-kw-tJy-bmkypx bYm ]y

Xam\mw Bk-hm\mw NXp-c-ioXow \nt_m[x XZyY  kpIm-ku-hoc Xp

tjm-ZI ssatcb taZ-I-[m-\ymmx j[m\y-khm `h-n.

66

Fm Ah-Xs {Zhy--fpsS kwtbm-K-kw-kvmcw \nanw Akw-Jy-am-Ip-p. Ah-bn Ghpw ]y-am-bn-p Bk-h- 84 BsWv a\-n-em--Ww. AXv F{]-Im-c-sa-m kpc, kuho-c-Iw, Acn-m-Sn, ssatc-bw, taZ-I,- sh-p-ImSn Ch Bdpw [m\ymkh-am-Ip-p.

arZzo-ImJp-qc Imiva-cy-[-\y\ ctPm-Z\ XrW-kq\y ]cq-j-Im-`-bm-a-eI ar

Keo-WvUn-I-Pmw-_h I]n Ih-e-_-Zc Ikp ]oep-]n-bmf ]\

k\y-t{Km-Zm-iz I ]oXm-t\m-Zpw-_-cm-P-tamZ irwKm-SI iwJn\n

^emw-khmx jUznw-iXn `h-n.

67

apn-cn-, Cu--gw, Iap-ZnIm-b, [ma-Wn-m-b, ]g-ap]m-e-m-b, ssIX--, Nno-nImb, ISp-, s\n-, Xm\n-, Rmh-gw, hnfm--gw, henb e--gw, e--gw, XpS-cn--gw, DI-a-c-mb, apca-c-m-b, N--gw, Ben-gw, Ac-bm-en-gw, Cn--gw, Im-en]-gw, An--gw, Ab-tam-Z-Iw, hsIm--m-b, s\t-\n-hm-I-mb Fnh Hmtcmpw sImp-m-p ^em-k-h- 26 BIp-p.

hnZm-cn-K izKm IrjvW-Km iXm-h-co-iymam {XnhrZvZn {Zhn

hntez-cq-hpI Nn{X-ap-sse-tc-Im-Zi aqem-k-hm-`-h-n.

68

aqhn-e-th-cv, Aap-p-cw, apcn--th-cv, iXm-h-cn-n-g-v, \m-dn-n-g-v, {XntIm-sm-, \mK-Zn thcv, henb \mKZ-n-thcv, Iqhfw thcv, Bh-W-n thcv, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv Fnh Hmtcmpw sImp-m-p aqem-k-h- 11 BIp-p.

kme-{]n-bI N\ ky\ JZnc IZc k]vX-]miz Im-p-\mk \m

cntaZ XnpI InWn-lo-iao ipn ]{X inwi-]m-in-coj hRvPpf [\z

\ a[qI ktcm-kh hnwj-Xn `h-n.

69

]bn acw, IS-v, N-\w, sXmSp-Im-c, Icn-m-en, shI-cn-m-en, Ggnew ]me, s]cp-a-cp-Xv, \oa-cp-Xv, th, ]o\m-dn, ]\n-n, Idp IS-`n, hn--a-X, awK-e-m-ek Ccq, s\t-\n-hm-I, Atim-Iw, [ma-Wn, Ccn Fn-h-bpsS ImXsIm-p-m-p Bk-h- 20 BIp-p.

]tm]e \fn-\-I-apZ kuK-nI ]qWvUn-cnI iX-]-{X-a-[pI {]nbw

Kp[m-XIo ]pjvss]Zi ]pjv]-tkhm `hn

70

]w, Dev]e, \fn-\w, Ipap-Zw, kuK-nIw, ]pWvU-co-Iw, iX-]{Xw Fo ]e h-n-ep Ggp-hn[w Xma-c-]q--sf-smpw Ccn]qhv, Rmh]q-hv, XmXn-cn-]qhv Fn-h-sImpw Dm-p ]pjv]-k-h- 10 hn[-am-Ip-p.

CvT-Im-tznp _menIm ]pWv{UI NXpu ImWvUm-khm `h-n.
71

Cp, Imt-jp, Cp-_m-en-I, ]p{Iw Fo \mep hn[ Icn-p-sIm-p-mp Imm-k-h- 4 hn[-am-Ip-p.

]tSme XmUI ]{Xm-khu Zzu `h-Xx, Xnez-I-tem{ Gem-hm-epI {I

apI NXpYm-kvXz-Km-khm `h-n. i-cm-kh GI Ghw Gim am

khm-\m-am-kp-X-Xz-tZm-kph kwm.

72

]tSm-e-]-{Xw, Xmeo-k-]{Xw Fnh sImp-m-p ]{Xm-k-h- cm-Ip-p. I-n, t]mtmn, Gem-hm-ep-Iw, Ihpv Fn-h-bpsS tXmep-sIm-p-m-p XzKm-k-h- \mem-Ip-p. i-c-sIm-p-m-p i-cm-khw Hm-Ip-p. Cu Bk-h- NqSmn XWn-np (k-m\w sNbvXp) Dm-p--Xm-b-Xp-sImv Bkhw Fv ]d-bp-p.

Gh-tam-jm-am-k-hm\mw NXp-c-ioXox ]c-kv]-tcWm kwkrjvSm \tam-kh {Zhv.bmWmap-]-Zn-jivSm `h-n. {Zhy kwtbmK hn`mK hnkvX-c-kvtXzjmw _lphn[ hnIev]x kwkvm-cx bYmkzw I-Ipnx kwtbmKx kwkvmc tZi Ime m]\ am{XmZ bjvN `mhm-kvtXjmw tXjm-am-k-hm\mw tX tXkaq-]-Zn-iyt X Imcy-a`n kao-ty-Xn.
73

C{]-Imcw {Zhy- ]c-kv]cw Iqn-tmsX Bk-h- Dm-m-hp 84  hn[w Bkh {Zhy-sf D]-tZ-in--s-p. Fm {Zhy--fpsS kwtbmKw sImpw hn`mKns hnkvXm-cX sImpw kwkvm-c-t`Zw sImpw Bk-h-v At\-I-hn-[-n-ep hyXym-k- Dm-Ipw. Fm GtXXv {Zhy- tbmPn-npw GXv hn[-n kwkv-cnpw Bk-h- Dm-ppthm B Bk-h- AXmXv {Zhykwtbm-K-npw kwkvm-c-npw A\p-k-cn KpW--tfmSp IqSn-b-Xm-bn-cn-pw. {Zhy-kw-tbm-Kw, kwkvm-cw, tZiw, (D-m-p ew) Imew, m]\w (k-m\ {Inb-bvp-thn shp ka-bw), am{X apX-emb `mh- GtX-Xm-k-h-v GtXXv hn[w \nt-in--s-Sp-pthm AXmXv Bk-h-v AXmXv Imcyw I-dnp sN-Ww.

`hn Nm{X 

a\--co-cm-n-_e {]Zm\m 

akz-]v\-tim-Im-cpNn \mim-\m\mw

kwlj-Wm\mw {]h-cm-k-hm\m 

aio-Xo-cm NXn-cn--sscjm

74

a\-n\pw ico-c-n\pw PT-cm-npw _es {]Zm\w sNp-Xpw \n{Zm-\m-iw, ZpxJw, AcpNn Fn-hsb \in-n-p-Xpw ktm-js Dm-p--Xp-amb 84  hn[-n-ep t{ijvT-amb Bk-h-sf ChnsS ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p.

X{X-tmIx 

ico-c-tcmK {]Ir-Xu-a-Xm\n

XtXz\ Nmlmc hn\n--tbmbx

DhmN bx ]pcp-jm-ZntIƒ kvan

ap\n-kvX-Ym-{KWn hcm-k-hmw-x

75

ico-c-{]-Ir-Xn-bn-epw tcmK{]IrXn-bnepw XXz-n-eq-sS-bp aljn-am-cpsS A`n-{]m-b--tfbpw D-a-amb Blm-c-\n--b-tbpw t{ijvT-amb Bk-h--tfSpw Cu bx ]pcp-jo-bm-ymb-n Bt{Xb ap\n D]-tZ-in-p.

CXy-n-thi IrtX-Xt{ Nc-I-{]Xn kwkvIrtX

kq{X-mt\ bx ]pc-jotbm \ma

]-hnw-iXn Xtamƒ ymbx

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