A²ymbw þ 3

hkvXnkq{Xobkn²n

C\n hkvXnkq{Xob kn²nsb {]Xn]mZn¡pó A²ymbs¯ Bt{Xb `Khm³ D]tZin¨Xp{]Imcw Aánthi alÀjn hnhcn¡póp.

]ÀÆXt{ijvT\mb lnameb¯nsâ Xmgvhcbnð alÀjnamtcmSpIqSn hkn¡pó ]p\ÀÆkphnt\mSv Aánthi³ Xmsg]dbpó 10 þ tNmZy§Ä tNmZn¨p.

tNmZyw þ 1 a\pjyÀ¡v GXns\ At]£n¨p sImSp¡s¸Spó hkvXn ^ekn²nsb Dïm¡pw? 2 þ hkvXnt\{Xw F´ns\s¡mïpïm¡Ww? 3þhkvXn t\{X¯nsâ Afhv F{Xbmbncn¡Ww. BIrXn F§s\ Bbncn¡Ww. 4 KpWw F´mIpóp BÀs¡ñmw GXnð \nsóSp¡póXpw F´v KpWapÅXpamb hkvXnkônsbSp¡Ww 5þ\ncqlhkvXnbpsS hn[n F´mIpóp 6þ\ncqlhkvXn{]tbmK¯nsâ am{X F´mIpóp 7þA\phmk\¯nð kvt\ltbmK¯nsâ am{X F´mIpóp 8 hkvXn{Zhyw aS§nhtcï hn[n F´mIpóp 9 hkvXnIÄ GsXñmamIpóp 10 BÀs¡ñmw GsXñmw hkvXn lnXamIpóp. Aánthisâ C{]ImcapÅ Cu tNmZyw tI«n«v alÀjn ]p\ÀÆkp D¯cambn Xmsg ]dbpwhn[w hnhcn¨psImSp¯p.

Hómas¯ tNmZy¯nsâ D¯cwþtZmjw, Huj[w, tZiw, Imew, kmßyw, Aán, kXzw, Blmcw, hbÊv, _ew Fónhsb thïXpt]mse BtemNn¨p sN¿pó hkvXn \nÝbambpw KpW{]Zambncn¡pw. am{Xañ ha\mZn Fñm IÀ½§fnepw k^eXbpïmhpIbpw sN¿pw.

cïmas¯ tNmZy¯nsâ D¯cwþ hkvXnt\{Xw Dïmt¡ïXv kzÀ®w, shÅn, Cu¿w, sN¼v, ]n¯f, HmSv, AØn, temlw, acw, apf, ]ñv, sIm¼v, aWn FónhsImïmbncn¡Ww. hkvXnt\{X¯n\v aqóv IÀ®nIbpïmbncn¡Ww. (hkvXnt\{Xw KpZ¯nð {]thin¸n¡pó `mK¯v Hcp IÀ®nIbpw atä Aä¯v cïv IÀ®nIbpamWv thïXv. KpZ¯nð {]thin¸n¡pó `mKs¯ IÀ®nI hkvXnt\{Xw IqSpXð DÅnð {]thin¨p t]mImXncn¡phm\pw atä Aäs¯ IÀ®nI hkvXn kôn _eambn sI«n\nÀ¯phm\pw BIpóp.

aqómas¯ tNmZy¯nsâ D¯cw hkvXnt\{Xw Bdv hbÊpÅhÀ¡v BdwKpehpw Ccp]Xv hbÊpÅhÀ¡v ]{´ïwKpehpw ]{´ïv hbÊpÅhÀ¡v F«wKpehpw \ofapÅXmbncn¡Ww. Bdv hbÊpÅhÀ¡p]tbmKn¡pó hkvXn t\{X¯nsâ Zzmcw Hcp sNdp]bdv t]mIpó{Xbpw Ccp]Xv hbÊpÅhÀ¡p]tbmKn¡póXnsâ Zzmcw e´¡pcp t]mIpó{Xbpw ]{´ïv hbÊpÅhÀ¡p]tbmKn¡póXnsâ Zzmcw Hcp ISe¡ t]mIpó{Xbpw Bbncn¡Ww. h®w sImïv aqe`mK¯v AXmXmfpsS s]cphncen\v Xpeyambpw A{K`mK¯v AXmbXv KpZ¯nð {]thin¡pó `mK¯v sNdphncen\p Xpeyambpw Ccn¡Ww. hkvXnt\{Xw hfshmópanñmsX t\scbmbpw ]iphn³hmensâ BIrXnbnepw an\pkapÅXpw apJw DcpïXpw Bbncn¡Ww. hkvXnt\{X¯nð aqóv IÀ®nIbnð Hcp IÀ®nI AXmbXv KpZ¯nð {]thin¸n¡pó `mKs¯ IÀ®nI hkvXnb{´¯nsâ BsI \of¯nsâ \mensemcp `mKw hnt«S¯mbncn¡Ww. AXmbXv F«nôv \ofapÅ hkvXnb{´¯n\v cïnôv hnt«S¯mbncn¡Ww IÀ®nIbpïm¡póXv. atä cïv IÀ®nI atä Aä¯v hkvXnkôn sI«n\nÀ¯m\pÅXpamIpóp.

\memas¯ tNmZy¯nsâ D¯cw þ hmÀ²IyapÅ ImfbptStbm FcpabptStbm am\ntâtbm ]ónbptStbm BSntâtbm aq{Xkôn hkvXn¡msbSp¡Ww. AXv \ñ Dd¸pÅXpw t\cnbXpw kncIsfñmw IfªXpw ZpÀ¤Ôanñm¯Xpw {Xn^emZn Ijmb¯nð `mh\ sNbvXp Nph¸p hÀ®am¡nbXpw amÀ±hapÅXpw \ñh®w sI«m³ IgnbpóXpambncn¡Ww. hkvXn sNt¿ïhcpsS hbÊv t\m¡nbn«v AXnó\pkcn¨ hn[¯nð Cu ]dªXntesX¦nepw Hónsâ hkvXn FSp¡Ww. hkvXn kôn hkvXn t\{X¯nð NcSvsImïv \ñh®w sI«pIbpw thWw.

tað]dª hn[¯nepÅ aq{Xkôn In«nbnsñ¦nð Ipc§ntâtbm aäv PePohnIfptStbm IWvT¯nse sXmentbm Imð apXemb Ahbh¯nse sXmentbm I«nbpÅ hkv{Xtam FSp¡Ww. tað]dª hn[¯nepÅ hkvXnt\{Xw In«msX hómð AØnsImtïm apfsImtïm Dïm¡nb hkvXn t\{Xw FSp¡Ww.

Aômas¯ tNmZy¯nsâ D¯cw þ hkvXnhn[n Adnbpó sshZy³ BØm]\tbmKyambhsâ tZmjmZnIsf \ñh®w t\m¡n a\Ênem¡nbn«v ip¢]£¯nð \ñ aplqÀ¯hpw tbmKhpw DÅ kab¯nð Ign¨ `£Ww Zln¨Xn\vtijw GIm{K Nn¯\mbncn¡póh\nð hkvXn sN¿Ww.

_emZnhkvXnþIpdpt´m«n thcv NnäarXv, ISp¡, Xm\n¡, s\ñn¡, Ac¯, Ziaqew, Cu 6þacpópIÄ Hmtcm ]ew, ae¦mc¡, Fs«®w, B«n³ amwkw Ac¯pemw (50þ]ew) Chsbñmw IqSn \menc«n shůnð Ijmbw sh¨p \mensemómbmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð AbtamZIw, ae¦mcbv¡, Iqhfw thÀs¯men, sIm«w, hb¼v, NXpIp¸, ap¯§, Xn¸en Ch aqóv Igôv hoXw Ac¨ptNÀ¯p NqtSmSpIqSn Xsó iÀ¡c, tX³, s\¿v, ssXew Chbpw tNÀ¡Ww. iÀ¡c Hcp]ehpw s\¿v Hcp]ehpw F® Hcp]ehpw tX\pw C´p¸pw bpànt]msebpw tNÀ¡Ww. AXn\ptijw IStImðsImïv ISªp tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXnkônbnð \ndbv¡Ww. ]nsó B hkvXnsb CS¯pI¿nð ]nSn¨p hkvXnkônbpsS Zzmcw hkvXnt\{X¯nð cïv IÀ®nIbpÅ Aä¯v tNÀ¯psh¨p ZrVambn sI«nbpd¸n¡Ww. At¸mÄ hkvXn t\{X¯nse Xncn FSp¯pIfªp s]cphncðsImïv hkvXnt\{X¯nsâ apJw AS¨p ]nSn¡Ww. hkvXn sI«n¡gnªmð AXnse hmbp apgph³ ]pdt¯¡v t]mbmð kônbnð Npfnshmópw DïmIpóXñ. hkvXn sN¿póXn\pap¼mbn tcmKnbpsS tZl¯nð F® tX¡Ww. tcmKn aeaq{X hnkÀÖ\w sNbvXncn¡Ww. hkvXn sN¿pt¼mÄ tcmKn¡v AXnbmb hni¸pïmIcpXv, hkvXn sNt¿ïhs\ Hcp kaamb hncn¸nð InS¯Ww. AYhm XebpsS `mKw Aev]w Xmgv¯n¡nS¯pItbm sN¿mw. InS¡póXv A[nIw Dbc¯nembncn¡cpXv. \ñ hncn¸v hncn¨ncn¡pIbpw thWw. IjmbhkvXn sNt¿ïh³ CS¯p`mKw sNcnªp kpJambn InS¡Ww. icocw t\scbm¡n sh¡pIbpw kz´w ssI XebnWbm¡n sh¡pIbpw thWw. CSt¯¡mð \o«nbpw het¯¡mð aS¡n CSXpImensâ ap«n\paosX sh¡pIbpw thWw. AXn\ptijw KpZ¯nepw KpZ¯nð {]thin¸nt¡ïpó hkvXn t\{X¯nsâ NXpÀ°`mK¯nepw F®tbm s\t¿m ]pc«n kv\nKv²Xhcp¯n hkvXnt\{Xw hfsc kmh[m\¯nð ]rjvThwi¯n\p t\sc KpZ¯nð {]thin¸n¡Ww. hkvXnt\{Xw KpZ¯nð {]thin¸n¡pt¼mÄ I¿nf¡pItbm hnd¡pItbm AXnthK¯ntem kmh[m\¯ntem Bbnt¸mIcpXv. sshZysâ I¿v A¡mcy¯nð kaÀ°ambncn¡Ww. t\{Xw KpZ¯nð IS¯nbXn\ptijw AXnthK¯neñmsXbpw Xotc kmh[m\¯neñmsXbpw Hcp {]mhiyambn«pXsó hkvXnbnð sR¡n {Zhys¯ AI¯m¡Ww. AXn\ptijw kmh[m\¯nð hkvXnt\{Xs¯ ]pdt¯s¡Sp¡Ww. (hkvXnbpsS {Inbm{Iaw AjvSwlrZbw kq{XØm\w 19þmw A²ymb¯nð Rm³ hniZambn hnhcn¨ncn¡bmð AXnhnsS hoïpw hnhcn¡pónñ.)

hkvXnt\{Xw t\scbñmsX hne§¯nð {]thin¨mð hkvXn{Zhyw DÅnð {]thin¡póXñ. hkvXnt\{Xw KpZ¯nð {]thin¡pt¼mÄ CfIpItbm hnd¡pItbm sNbvXmð KpZ¯nð X«n apdnhpïmIpw. hkvXn sR¡póXv hfsc kmh[m\¯nembnt¸mbmð hkvXn{Zhyw icn¡v Bib¯nð F¯póXñ. sR¡póXv hfsc thK¯nembnt¸mbmð hkvXn{Zhyw IWvT¯nse¯nt¸mIpw.

hkvXn{Zhyw AXnbmbn XWp¯pt]mbmð kvXw`s¯ Dïm¡pw. AXmbXv ]pdt¯¡v hcpóXñ. NqS[nIambmð Np«p\odepw aqÀÑbpw DïmIpw. AXpsImïv AXnioXfhpw AXypjvWhpambn hkvXn sN¿cpXv. kv\nKv²X A[nIambmð PUXsb Dïm¡pw. cq£X A[nIambmð hmbpsh hÀ²n¸n¡pw. hkvXn{Zhyw t\À¯pt]mbmepw am{X Ipdªp t]mbmepw D¸v hfscb[nIw Ipdªpt]mbmepw AtbmKs¯ Dïm¡pw. am{X A[nIambmð AXntbmKs¯ Dïm¡pw. am{X A[nIambmð AXn tbmKs¯ Dïm¡pw. hkvXn{Zhyw sImgp¯pt]mbmð £oWs¯ Dïm¡pIbpw ]pdt¯¡v hcm³ Xmakn¡pIbpw sN¿pw. D¸v A[nIambnt¸mbmð Np«p\odepw AXnkmchpw DïmIpw AXpsImïv Fñmw GdpIbpw IpdbpIbpw sN¿msX kamhØbnð kq£vaambn tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXn sN¿Ww.

BZyw tX\pw C´p¸pw tNÀ¯p ISªp s\¿v tNÀ¯p hoïpw \ñh®w ISªp tbmPn¸n¨p AXn\ptijw Iev¡{Zhyw tNÀ¯p ISªp tbmPn¸n¨n«v ]nsó IjmbshÅw tNÀ¯p IStImðsImïv \ñh®w ISªp tbmPn¸n¨n«v AXv hkvXnkônbnð \ndbv¡Ww.

a\pjysâ CS¯v `mKs¯ B{ibn¨mWv PTcmánbpw {KlWo\mUnbpw KpZhpw ØnXnsN¿póXv. AXpsImïv CS¯p`mK¯v NcnªpInSómð hkvXn sN¿pt¼mÄ KpZw icn¡pw ]nSn¯w In«póXmbncn¡pw. KpZ¯nse aqóv henIÄ ebn¨p InS¡póXpw AhnsSXsóbmWv. AXpsImïv CS¯v `mK¯v Ncnªp InSópsImïv hkvXn sN¿Ww.

hkvXn ]IpXn sNbvXt¸mÄ aetam At[mhmbpthm ]pdt¯¡v t]mIphm\pÅ thK{]hÀ¯\apïmhpIbmsW¦nð At¸mÄ hkvXnt\{Xw KpZ¯nð \nsóSp¯p IfbWw. aetam At[mhmbpthm ]pdt¯¡v t]mbn¡gnªmð tijapÅ hkvXn apgph\pw hoïpw sN¿Ww. hkvXn sNbvXv Ignªmð aeÀópInS¡pIbpw Xe¡v XebW sh¡pIbpw sN¿Ww. A{]Imcw sNbvXmð hkvXnbpsS hocyw Chsâ icoc¯nð apgph³ hym]n¡póXmbncn¡pw.

Hcp hkvXn kzØm\¯v Ip]nXamb hmXs¯ ian¸n¡pw. cïmas¯ hkvXn ]n¯t¯bpw aqómas¯ hkvXn I^t¯bpw ian¸n¡pw. AXmbXv hmXtIm]¯nð Hcp hkvXnbpw hmXm\p_Ôamb ]n¯tIm]¯nð cïv hkvXnbpw hmXm\p_Ôamb I^tIm]¯nð aqóv hkvXnbpw sNt¿ïXmWv. hkvXn{Zhyw aS§nhómð NqSv shÅwsImïv Ipfn¨n«v t\cnb amwkckwIq«n \hcbcnt¨mdp®Ww.

A\zmk\am{Xþ Ggmas¯ tNmZy¯nsâ D¯cwþ D¨¡v Ign¨ Blmcw Zlns¨óp Iïmð sshIptócw eLphmb Blmcw Aev]w am{Xw Ign¨n«v icoct]mjW¯n\mbn kvt\lhkvXn sN¿Ww. B kvt\lw sh¸pImSn apXemb A¾{Zhy§fpw hmXlcuj[§fpw C«p Im¨nbXmbncn¡vWw. kvt\l¯nsâ am{X \ncql¯nsâ \mensemcp `mKambncn¡pIbpw thWw. \ncql¯nsâ D¯aam{X 24þ ]eamIpóp. At¸mÄ kvt\l¯nsâ D¯aam{X 6 þ ]eamIpóp. D¯am jSv]eo t{]màm a²yam{X]eo `thð I\obkn kmÀ²]em {Xn[mam{Xm\phmkt\. CXn.

hkvXn sNbvXXn\ptijw Ahsâ Bk\¯nð sshZy³ Xsâ ssIsImïv aqóp{]mhiyw ASn¡Ww. A{]Imcw sNbvXmð kv\lw £Wt\c¯nð aS§nhcmsX \nð¡pw. ]nóoSv aeÀóp InSóp Imensâ s]cphncð cïpw tbmPn¸n¨v h¨n«v Imensâ aS¼nepw hncenepw apg¦menepw icoc¯nð thZ\bnÅ Øe¯pw F® tX¨psImïv kmh[m\¯nð Xncp½Ww. AXn\p tijw XebW h¨p kpJambn InSópd§Ww. C{]Imcw sNbvXmð kvt\lw s]«óv aS§nhcpóXñ.

\ncql¯nð Ijmbw Aôv `mKw FSp¡Ww. AXmbXv \ncql¯n\v ]{´ïv {]krXamWv FSp¡pósX¦nð Aôv {]krXw Ijmbw FSp¡Ww. AXnð ]n¯m[nIy¯nepw kzØ\nepw kvt\l¯nsâ Bdv `mKhpw AXmbXv cïv {]krXhpw hmXm[nIy¯nð \mev `mKhpa AXmbXv aqóv {]krXhpw I^m[nIy¯nð F«v `mKhpw AXmbXv Hóc {]krXhpw tNÀ¡Ww. Hcp {]krXw cïv ]eamIpóp. ChnsS \ncql¯nð tNÀt¡ïpó Iev¡¯nsâbpw aäv {Zhy§fpsSbpw Afhv hnhcn¨p ImWpónñ. AXnsâ {]mtbmKnI coXn C\n ]dbpw {]ImcamIpóp. hkvXn¡pÅ Ijmbw X¿mdm¡póXn\v GXv tbmKamtWm XncsªSp¡póXv B tbmK¯nse Fñm acpópIfpw IqSn Ccp]Xv ]ehpw F«v ae¦mc¡bpw IqSn ]¯c CS§gn shůnð Ijmbw sh¨p CXp]s¯móp XpSam¡n FSp¡Ww. Iev¡ambn \nÝbn¡pó acpópIÄ BsI \ncqlam{XbpsS F«nsemcp `mKambncn¡bWw. AXmbXv ]{´ïv {]krXsa¦nð Hóc {]krXw. CXpt]mse Xsó hmXm[nIy¯nð \ncqlam{XbpsS\mensemcn `mKhpw ]n¯m[nIy¯nepw kzØ\nepw Bdnsemópw I^m[nIy¯nð F«nsemópw kvt\l{Zhyw tcmKm\pkcWw ]mIs¸Sp¯nbXv tNÀ¡Ww. C§ns\ tNÀ¡pó {Zhy§fpĸsS Bbncn¡Ww Hmtcm hkvXnbpsSbpw sam¯w Afhv. hkvXn{Zhyw Iq«nt¨À¡póXn\v ap¼mbn BsIbpÅ {Zhy¯nsâ Afhv CXncbmbncn¡Wsaóv \nÝbn¨p AXnð Ijmbw, ssXew, tX³, C´p¸v, iÀ¡c, Iev¡w A¾{Zhyw apXembh C{Xbn{Xsbóp IW¡p Ipdn¨v ap¼nð h¨psImïv AXnð t\m¡n km[\§Ä Afóp tNÀ¡Ww. A{]Imcañmªmð sXäp]äm\nSbpïv. hkvXn{Zhyw AXypÑtam AXnkm{µtam Bbnt¸mIcpXv. Ch cïpw Iev¡ kwtbmP\s¯ B{ibn¨mWncn¡póXv. IqSmsX hkvXn¡pÅ t#mtcm Ijmb§Ä¡pw AÑkm{µXzw `nóamWv. AXpt]mse kvt\lam£nI am\hpw `nóamWv. AXpsImïv an¡ \ncql§Ä¡pw Iev¡am\¯n\v bpàamb `mZKXn IqSmsX \mXyÑkm{µX e`n¡pIbnñ. Xónan¯w tNÀ¡phm³ kÖoIcn¨ Ið¡¯nsâ aqóne1cp`mKw amänh¨p _m¡n cïp `mKw BZyw tNÀ¯p ISªp Iq«n t\m¡Ww. t]mcmsbóp Iïmð amänh¨Xnð \nóp Bhiyw t]mse FSp¯p tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¡Ww. Ið¡w _m¡n hómð FSp¡ïmsbtóbpÅp. Ið¡w apgph\pw BZyw HómbntNÀ¯mð Nnet¸mÄ sImgp¯pt]msbóp hcmw. At¸mÄ ]cnlmc¯n\v \nhr¯nbnñmsX hcpw. hkvXn{Zhyw ASp¸n\v aotXbncn¡pó Xnf¨ shůnð ]m{Xt¯mSpIqSnh¨v icn¡v Bhn hc¯¡h®w NqSm¡Ww. CXn\nSbnð ISªpsImïncn¡pIbpw thWw. DjvWmw_p Iw`n_mjvt]WX]vXw, FómWv ]dªn«pÅsX¦nepw Xnf¡pó shůnð h¨p NqSm¡póXv XsóbmWv \ñXv. Xmg¯nd¡nh¨mð ]mIamb NqSmIpóXphsc ISªpsImïncnt¡ïXmWv. {Zhyw hkvXnbnsemgn¡pt¼mÄ NqSv {]tXyIw t\m¡Ww. AXn\v ssI¸¯nbpsS ]pd¯v Aev]w Hgn¨pt\m¡n NqSv \nÝbn¡póXmWv \ñXv. NqSv IqSpXembmð kw{`aw, t_m[£bw apXembhbpïmIpw. NqSv t]mcmsX hómð kvXw`n¨p Ijmbw shfnbn¡v t]mImXncn¡phmt\m {]hÀ¯\iànbnñmXncn¡phmt\m CSbmIpw. CuhI Imcy§sfñmw {]XyIw {i²n¨psImïv hkvXn sNbvXmð bmsXmc]IShpw DïmIpóXñ. sshZy³ Hcphnf¡v I¯p¨psh¸n¨ KpcptZh \akvImcmZnIÄ Ign¨p hnf¡n\`napJambn Ingt¡m«v Xncnªncn¡Ww. ]nóoSv ap³Iq«n kÖam¡nbn«pÅ ]m{Xw ISbpóXn\pÅ IStImtemSpIqSn ap¼nð hbv¡Ww. AXn\ptijw Acn¨p AfsóSp¡pó tX\nð\nópw Aev]w am{Xw B ]m{X¯nð Hgn¡pI ]ndsI IW¡¡vt]mepÅ C´p¸v s]mSnbpw tNÀ¯p IStImðsImïc¨p tbmPn¸n¡Ww. AXn\ptijw _m¡nbpÅ tX³ Aev]mev]amsbmgn¨p ap³{]Imcw Ac¨p tbmPn¸n¡Ww, Afópsh¨ kvt\lw Aev]mev]ambntNÀ¯p ap³{]Imcw kvt\lhpw C´p¸pw tX\pwIqSn \ñh®w tbmPn¸n¡Ww. AXn\ptijw Iev¡w Ac¨psh¨n«pÅXv IW¡pt]mse FSp¯p AXnðtNÀ¯p hoïpw \ñXpt]mse Ac¨p tbmPn¸n¡Ww. A\´cw thï Ijmbhpw Afóv {ItaW AXnð tNÀ¯p hoïpw hoïpw tbmPn¸n¡Ww. C{]Imcw FñmwIqSn tNÀ¡póXn\v Hcp aWn¡qtdmfw thïnhcpw. C{]Imcw hkvXn Hón¨p tNÀ¡póXv NqSm¡ns¡mïv thWtam AXñ Hón¨p tNÀ¯Xn\ptijw NqSm¡Wtam Fó Imcy¯nð A`n{]mb `nóXbpïv. Fómð FñmwIqSn Hón¨p tNÀ¯Xn\ptijw NqSm¡pIbmWv ]Xnhv. tX\pÅXpsImïv NqSmIpwtXmdpw AXnsâ hnjiàn hÀ²n¡póp. B hnjiànbpsS kw{IaWhpw kwtbmP\ iànbpamWv hkvXn¡v B ipImcnXzhpw hocyhpapïm¡póXv.

Bdmas¯ tNmZy¯nsâ D¯cw þ Hcp hbÊpÅ Ip«n¡v \ncql¯nsâ am{X {]krXmÀ²w (Hcp ]ew) BIpóp. ]nóoSv cïmas¯ hbÊnð cïv ]ew aqómas¯ hbÊnð aqóv ]ew Fóo {Ia¯nð hÀ²n¸n¨p ]{´ïmas¯ hbÊnð \ncqlam{X 12þ]eambncn¡Ww. AhnsS\nót§m«v Hcp hÀj¯n\v Hcp {]krXw (cïv ]ew) Fó IW¡n\v hÀ²n¸n¡Ww. A§ns\ ]Xns\«v hbÊpÅ bphmhn\v \ncqlam{X ]{´ïv {]krXambncn¡Ww. CXv \ncql¯nsâ IqSnb am{XbmIpóp Fgp]Xv hbÊv hscbpÅhÀ¡v Cu ]{´ïv {]krXw aXnbmIpóp. Fgp]Xv hbÊn\v taevt]m«v ]Xn\mdv hbÊnð sN¿pó am{XaXn. AXmbXv ]¯v {]krXw aXnbmIpóXmWv. CXv Fgp]s¯mómas¯ hbÊnð ]¯v {]krXw 72 ð 9, 73 ð 8, 74 ð 7, 75 ð 6 {]krXw AXmbXv 12þ]ew. ]nóoSv 76ð 11 ]ew, 77 ð 10, 78 ð 9, 79 ð 8, 80 ð 7, 81 ð 6, 82 ð 5, 83 ð 4, 84 ð 3, 85 ð 2, 86 ð 1 ]ew. ]nsó 87þhbÊv apXð At§m«pÅhÀs¡ñmw Hcp]ew aXnbmIpóXmWv. C{]Imcw {]krX{]amW¯nepÅ \ncqlam{X hnhcn¡s¸«p _meòmÀ¡pw hr²òmÀ¡pw sN¿pó \ncqlw hntijn¨pw arZphmbncn¡Ww.

hkvXn sNbvXXn\ptijw InS¡pó I«nð A[nIw DbÀóXpw A[nIw XmgvóXpw Bbncn¡cpXv. Imð sh¡phm\pÅ ]oTt¯mSpIqSnbXmbncn¡Ww. AXmWv \ñXv. hncn¸v \ñ hr¯nbpÅXpw arZphmbn«pÅXpw Bbncn¡Ww. incÊv Ing¡v `mK¯v sh¡Ww. shfp¯ hkv{Xw ]pX¡pIbpw thWw.

tcmKs¯ t\m¡nbn«v AXnó\pkcn¨v [m\y bqjw, ]mð, amwkckw ChbntesX¦nepw tNÀ¯p Blmcw sImSp¡Ww. AXmbXv I^¯nð [m\ybqjw Iq«nbpw ]n¯¯nð ]mð Iq«nbpw hmX¯nð amwkckw Iq«nbpamWv Blmcw sImSpt¡ïXv. Fñmhn[ \ncql¯nepw Cu hn[n {][m\amIpóp. C\n hkvXn tbmK§sf hnhcn¨pXcmw. icnbmbp]tbmKn¡pó hkvXn hmXtcmKs¯ \in¸n¡póXpw _es¯ {]Zm\w sN¿póXpamIpóp.

H¼Xmat¯bpw ]¯mat¯bpw tNmZy¯nsâ D¯cw Ziaqehpw B«nsâ amwkhpw tNÀ¯p sh¨ Ijmb¯nð ap¼v ]dª Iev¡acpópw sh¸pImSnbpw LrXssXe hkIfpw hn[n{]Xmcw tNÀ¯p sN¿pó D¯aamb hkvXn Fñmhn[ hmXtcmK§tfbpw \i¸n¡pw.

ØncmZneLp]ôaqean Ipdpt´m«nthcv, Im«p]tSme¯n³ Ce, {_Òn, BhW¡n³thcv, bhw Ch sImïv hn[n{]Imcw sh¨ Ijmbw HcnS§gnbpw B«nsâ amwkcw Ac CS§gnbpw tNÀ¯p hoïpw ]mIwsNbvXp HcnS§gn BbmseSp¯p AXnð Rmhð¸qhv, Xn¸en, ap¯§ Ch Ið¡ambpw ssXew, s\¿v, tX³, C´p¸v Chbpw hn[n{]Imcw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXnsN¿Ww. CXv Aánsb Zo]vXam¡póXpw amwkt¯bpw _et¯bpw hÀ²n¸n¡póXpw I®n\v £W¯nð _es¯ Dïm¡póXpamIpóp.

GcWvUaqemZn \ncqlw, BhW¡n³thcv ]ew 3 ime]À®ymZn sNdp]ôaqew ]ew 5, Ac¯, Aap¡pcw, AXn_e, NnäarXv, sXgpXmathcv, sImós¯men, tZhXmcw, Ch Hmtcm ]ew, ae¦mcbv¡ Fs«®w, ChsbñmwIqSn F«nS§gn shůnð Ijmbw sh¨p F«nsemcp `mKambmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð NXIp¸, AS¡maWnb³, Rmgð¸qhv, Xn¸en, Cc«na[pcw, hb¼v, ckmRvP\w, IpSI¸mebcn, ap¯§, Ch Hmtcm Ddp¸nI¯q¡w FSp¯c¨ptNÀ¯p C´p¸v, tX³, ssXew, tKmaq{Xw Chbpw bpànt]mse tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p sN¿pó hkvXn a\pjyÀ¡v Zo]\obhpw teJ\obhpamIpóp. IqSmsX IW¦mð, XpS, ]mZw, {XnIkÔn ]rjvT`mKw Fóo Øm\§fnepïmIpó iqetbbpw I^¯nsâ BhcWapÅ hmXt¯bpw \in¸n¡pw. iqetbmSpIqSnb aeþaq{X hmX§fpsS XSÊs¯ \o¡pw. B[vam\w, Aivacn, iÀ¡cmivacn, B\mlw, AÀiÊv, {KlWotZmjw Fónhtbbpw Cu GcWvUhkvXn ian¸n¡pw. CXv Bt{Xb ]p\ÀÆkp ]dbs¸«XmIpóp.

OmKchkvXnþ 50þ]ew B«nsâ amwkck¯nð \mev ]ew F®bpw s\¿pw tNÀ¯p ssXcpw Ddpam¼gckhpw tNÀ¯p ]pfnckw hcp¯n C´p¸pw ae¦mc¡bpw Ac¨ptNÀ¯p tbmP¸n¨p hkvXn sN¿Ww. CXv _ew, hÀ®w, amwkw, hocyw, PTcmán Chsb hÀ²n¸n¡pw. ImgvN¡pdhnt\bpw XethZ\tbbpw \in¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pw.

8þ]ew NaXs¯men 8þCS§gn shůnð Ijmbwsh¨p 2þCS§gn BbmseSp{Xn¨p AXnð Ipdpt´m«nthcpw Xn¸enbpw Hmtcm ]ehpw NXpIp¸ cïv ]ehpw Ac¨ptNÀ¯p C´p¸pw tX\pw F®bpw bpànt]mse tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXnsN¿Ww. CXv _et¯bpw hÀ®{]kmZt¯bpw Dïm¡pw. B\mlw, ]mÀizthZ\, tbm\ntZmjw, Kpevaw DZmhÀ¯tcmKw Chsb \in¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pw.

8þ]ew Cc«na[pcw 64þ]ew ]menð tNÀ¯p ]mensâ \menc«n shÅhpw tNÀ¯p ]mIwsNbvXp \mensemómbmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð NXpIp¸bpw ae¦mc¡bpw Xn¸enbpw Ac¨Xpw s\¿pw tX\pw bpànt]mse tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXn sN¿Ww, Cu \ncqlw hmXcàw, kzct`Zw, hnkÀ¸w Fónhbnð \ñXmIpóp.

Cc«na[pcw, ]mt¨mäns¯men, ISp¡, càNµ\w, shůmac, \oe¯mac ChsImïv bYmhn[n ]mð¡jmbapïm¡n AXnð Poh\obKWw Ið¡am¡nbpw iÀ¡cbpw tX\pw s\¿pw bpànt]mse tNÀ¯pw hkvXn sN¿Ww. CXn ]n¯{][m\amb tcmK§sf \in¸n¡pw. Cu hkvXn ioXfambncn¡Ww Fóv ]dªpsImïv ]n¯ia\ hkvXnsbñmw ioXfambncn¡Wsaóv a\Ênem¡Ww.

Nµ\w, ]XpapIw, E²n, Cc«na[pcw, Ac¯, BStemSIwthcv, \ómdn¡ng§v, ]mt¨mäns¯men, aô«nt¡mev, sImSn¯qhthcv, Ipdpt´m«n thcv, ØncmZn eLq]ôaqew, XrW]ôaqew Ch Hmtcmópw cïv IÀj{]amWw FSp¯p F«nc«n shůnð Ijmbwsh¨p \mensemómbmseSp¯cn¨p cïnS§gn ]mð tNÀ¯p hoïpw ]mIw sNbvXp ]membmseSp¯p AXnð taZ, E²n, AS]Xnb³, Ing§v, iXmhcn¡ng§v, ]mðapXp¡n³ Ing§v, Ibnap¯§, ]ôkmc, PohIw, Xmacbñn, ]pWvUcoI¡cn¼v, shůmac, \oe¯mac, ]mt¨mäns¯men, \mbn¡pcWhn¯v, Cc«n a[pcw, apXp¡n³Ing§v, apRvP¸pñv, \mK¸qhv, Nµ\w Ch Ac¨Xpw s\¿pw tX\pw C´p¸pw DNnXamb am{Xbnð tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p XWp¯mð hkvXn sN¿Ww. hkvXn aS§nhóp ]pdt¯¡v t]mbmð Ipfn¨p PmwKe amwkcktam ]mtem Iq«n imeyów Ign¡Ww. Cu \ncqlw Np«p\odð, AXnkmcw, {]Zcw, cà]n¯w, lrt{ZmKw, ]mWvUptcmKw, hnjaPzcw, Kpevaw, aq{XXSÊw, Imae apXemb Fñmhn[ ]n¯P\yamb tcmK§sfbpw \in¸n¡pw.

{Zm£mZnKW¯nse ]¯v Huj[§Ä, IapZn³thcv, Cc«na[pcw, cma¨w, \ómdn¡ng§v, Nµ\w Ipdpt´m«nthcv, Ch kaw FSp¯p bYmhn[n ]mð¡jmbapïm¡n AXnð {imhWn, Im«p]bdv, Iqhs¸mSn, \mbn¡pcWhn¯v, Cc«na[pcw, tKmX¼v NqÀ®w Ch IÀj{]amWw Ac¨ptNÀ¯p tX\pw s\¿pw Cc«na[pchpw C«pIm¨nb ssXehpw ISp¡bpsS ckhpw ]mðapXp¡n³ Ing§nsâ ckhpw Icn¼n³\ocpw iÀ¡cbpw DNnXam{Xbnð tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXn sN¿Ww. CXv ]n¯lcamIpóp. IqSsX lrZbw, \m`n, ]mÀiz`mKw, KpZw Fóo Øm\§fnepw icoc¯nð apgph\pw DïmIpó Np«p\ydenepw A´À±ml¯nepw aq{XIr{ѯnepw £X£oW¯nepw hocy\mi¯nepw \ñXmIpóp.

]p«ð]ocw, sImós¯men, tZhXmcw, s]cp¦pd¼thcv, sRcnªnð, IpS¸methÀs¯men, ]mS¡ng§v, Fcp¡n³thcv, apXnc, h³hgpZn\nthcv Ch F«nc«n shůnð Ijmbw sh¨p ]¯v {]krXw (20 ]ew) BbmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð ISpIv, Ge¯cn, ae¦mcbv¡, sIm«w Ch Hmtcm A£{]amWw FSp¯c¨Xpw tX³, aZ\^e ssXew, NhÀ¡mcw, ISpscXew Ch Hmtcmópw Cucïv ]ehpw bYmhn[n tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXn sN¿Ww. _p²nam\mb sshZy³ Cu \ncqlw I^tcmK¯nepw aµmánbnepw AcpNnbnepw sNt¿ïXmIpóp. Im«p]tSmew, ISp¡, tZhXmcw, Xn¸en ChbpsS Ijmb¯nð tað]dª Iev¡mZnIÄ tNÀ¯p hkvXnsNbvXmepw I^tcmKw, aµmán, AcpNn Ch ian¡pw.

Ziaqew, {Xn^e, Cfb Iqhf¡mb, ae¦mcbv¡, Ch hn[n{]Imcw Ijmbwsh¨p AXnð tKmaq{Xhpw tNÀ¯p ISI¸mebcn, ]mS¡ng§v, ae¦mcbv¡, ap¯§, Ch Ac¨Xpw C´p¸pw, NhÀ¡mchpw ssXehpw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXnsN¿Ww. CXv I^P\yamb tcmK§tfbpw ]mWvUptcmKw, AekIw, BatZmjw, At[mhmXtcmKw, aq{Xtcm[w Fónhtbbpw hkvXnbnepïmIpó AXnZmcpWamb BtSm]t¯bpw \in¸n¡pw.

Ac¯, NnäarXv, BhW¡n³thcv, hogmecn, acaªÄ, Ggne¼mcs¯men, cma¨w, tZhXmcw, Iqhf¡mb, sImós¯men, ]p¯cn¨pïthcv, Im«v]tSmew, ]mS¡ng§v, ISptcmlnWn, Fens¨hnb³thcv, Ziaqew, ap¯§, {_Òn, apcn§ms¯men, {Xn^e Ch sImïpïm¡nb Ijmbhpw ae¦mc¡bpsS Ijmbhpw tKmaq{Xhpw tNÀ¯p AXnð Cc«na[pcw, Xn¸en, Rmgð¸qhv, NXpIp¸, ckmRvP\w, shfp¯hb¼v, hngmecn, IpSI¸mebcn, ]mS¡ng§v, ap¯§, C´p¸v Ch Ac¨Xpw s\¿pw tX\pw ssXehpw DNnXamb am{Xbnð tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXn sN¿Ww. Cu \ncqlw Iran, IpjvTw, {]talw {_Ô\tcmKw, atlmZcw, APoÀ®w, I^tcmKw FónhbpÅhcnepw cq£ujt[m]tbmKw sImïv AXnbmb A]XÀ¸Ww hópt]mbhcnepw AXpsImïpïmb tcmK§fnepw sN¿phm³ \ñXmIpóp. IqSmsX hmXs¯ \in¸n¡pIbpw Aánsb Zo]vXam¡pIbpw tcmK§sf \in¸n¡pIbpw _es¯ Dïm¡pIbpw sN¿pw.

sXgpXmamhcv, BhW¡n³thcv, BStemSIwthcv, IñqÀhônthcv, shfp¯ sXgpXmathcv, \mòpI¸pñv, Ipdpt´m«nthcv, NaXs¯men, Ziaqew Ch Hmtcm]ew, Cfb Iqh¡mb 8þ]ew, bhw 8þ]ew, e´¡pcp, apXnc, sIm¯¼mecn, ae¦mc¡ Ch Cucïv ]ew FñmwIqSn cïnS§gn ]mepw cïnS§gn cïnS§gn shÅhpw tNÀ¯p Ijmbwsh¨p ]membmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð hb¼v, NXpIp¸, tZhXmcw, sIm«w, Cc«na[pcw, ISpIv, Xn¸en, PocIw, ae¦mcbv¡, Ch Iev¡ambpw C´p¸pw iÀ¡cbpw DNnXamb am{Xbnepw tX\pw ssXehpw s\¿pw Cu cïv ]ehpw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXn sN¿Ww. Cu \ncqlw AXypjvWhpw AXnioXhpw Bbncn¡cpXv. hkvXnhn[n Adnbpó sshZy³ C{]Imcw sNbvXmð kwkÀ¤P\yamb Fñmhn[ tcmK§fpw \in¡pw.

hmX¯nð kv\nKv²hpw cq£hpamb Hcp hkvXnbpw ]n¯¯nð a[pchpw ioXhpw ]mð tNÀ¯Xpamb cïv hkvXnbpw I^¯nð Fcnhpw DjvWhpw Xo£vWhpw tKmaq{Xw tNÀ¯Xpamb aqóv hkvXnbpw sN¿Ww. CXnð IqSpXð hkvXn sN¿cpXv.

hmX¯nð amwkckw Iq«nbpw ]n¯¯nð ]mð Iq«nbpw I^¯nð [m\ybqjw Iq«nbpw \ncqlm\´cw Blmcw sImSp¡Ww. AXpt]mseXsó \ncqlm\´cw A\phmkttbmKyambh\nð hmX¯nð hnezssXehpw ]n¯¯nð Poh´ymZnssXehpw I^¯nð ^essXehpw A\phmk\w sN¿Ww. ASp¯ A²ymb¯nð "Poh´ow aZ\wtaZmw' Fóv XpS§póXv Poh\ob ssXehpw «aZss\À hm¾ kwbpàw« Fóv XpS§póXv ^e ssXehpw BIpóp.

hkvXn sNt¿ïïpóXnsâ t{ijvTamb coXn apgph\pw hn[n{]Imcw ChnsS hnhcn¡s¸«p. hnZzm\mb sshZy³ ChnsS ]dªXp{]Imcw ]Tn¨n«v hkvXn IÀ½w sN¿póXmbmð P\§Ä¡v ^ekn²n \nÝbambpw In«póXmbncn¡pw.