A²ymbw þ 1

Ið]\mkn²n

tla´þinincþhk´ EXp¡fnð ]Ið kvt\lhkvXn sN¿Ww. {KojvaþhÀjþicXv EXp¡fnð cm{Xnbnð kvt\lhkvXn sN¿Ww. ap¼v kq{XØm\w 13þmw A²ymb¯nð kvt\]m\ hn[nbnð hnhcn¨Xp{]Imcw tZmj§tf¡qSn ]cnc£n¨psImïv kvt\hkvXn sN¿Ww. hmX]n¯m[ntI cm{XmhpjvtWNm]n ]nt]ócx tÇjvam[ntI ZnhmiotX ]nt_¨mae `mkvItc AXypjvtW hm Znhm ]otXm hmX]n¯m[ntI\hm CXymZn. kq{XØm\¯nse kvt\l]m\hn[nIqSn IW¡nseSp¯psImïv kvt\l hkvXn sNt¿ïXmWv.

hkvXn sNbvX kvt\lw ]pdt¯¡v hómð Aóv cm{Xn apgph³ kzØambn Ignªn«v ]ntä Znhkw cmhnsebpw sshIptóchpw Blmcw sImSp¡Ww A§ns\ 3 Znhkw Blmcw sImSp¡Ww. BZys¯ kvt\lhkvXn¡ptijw aqómas¯ Znhktam Aômas¯ Znhktam hoïpw kvt\lhkvXn sNt¿ïXmWv. C{]Imcw tZmjØnXn¡\pkcn¨p cïmas¯ Znhktam aqómas¯ Znhktam Aômas¯ Znhktam ]Ið IjmbhkvXn sNbvXn«v cm{Xn kvt\lhkvXn sN¿Ww.

I^P\yamb hnImc¯nð Hcp hkvXntbm aqóp hkvXntbm sN¿Ww. ]n¯P\yamb hnImc¯nð Aôv hkvXntbm Ggv hkvXntbm sN¿Ww. hmXhnImc¯nð H¼tXm ]Xns\mtóm hkvXn sN¿Ww. kaÀ°\mb sshZy³ 1, 3, 7, 9 11 Fóo Hä kwJybneñmsX Cc« kwJybnð AXmbXv 2, 6, 8, 10 Fóo kwJybnð hkvXn sN¿cpXv. hmX{][m\ tcmK§fnemWv hkvXn hn[n¨ncn¡pósX¦nepw hmX¯n\v I^¯ntâtbm ]n¯¯ntâtbm A\p_Ôapïmbmð tað ]dª{]Imcw hkvXn sNt¿ïXmWv.

hntcN\w sNbvXh\mIs« 7þZnhkwhsc \nÝbambpw IjmbhkvXn sN¿cpXv. AXt]mseXsó IjmbhkvXnsImïv icocip²n hóhs\ 7þZnhkwhsc \nÝbambpw hntamNn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿cpXv. ImcWw AXv iq\yamb tZl¯nsâ \mi¯n\v ImcWambn¯ocpw. AXmbXv hntcN\wsImtïm IjmbhkvXnsImtïm icocip²n hóhs\ 7þZnhksa¦nepw IgnbmsX hoïpw tim[\bv¡v hnt[b\m¡nbmð AXv Ahsâ acW¯n\nSbm¡ntb¡pw.

Aômas¯ tNmZy¯nsâ D¯cwþIjmbhkvXn buh\s¯ \ne\nÀ¯pw, BbpÊv, Pcmán, kpJw, kzcw, HmPÊv, _ew, hÀ®w, ta[ Fónhsb Fñmw Dïm¡pw. inip¡Ä¡pw hr²òmÀ¡pw bphm¡òmÀ¡pw IjmbhkvXn sN¿mhpóXmWv. Fñmhn[ tcmK§tfbpw ian¸n¡pw. aew, I^w, ]n¯w, hmbp, aq{Xw Fónhsb ]pdt¯¡v Ifbpw. icoc¯n\v ZrVXsb Dïm¡pw. ip¢t¯bpw _et¯bpw hÀ²n¸n¡pw. IjmbhkvXn icoc¯nð Øncambn \nev¡pó tZmjkôbs¯ ]pdt¯¡v Ifªv kÀÆhn[ tcmK§sfbpw ian¸n¡pw. IjmbhkvXnsImïv amÀ¤ip²nhó icoc¯nð kvt\lhkvXn sNbvXmð AXv hÀ®{]kmZt¯bpw _et¯bpw Dïm¡pw.

hntijn¨v hmXtcmK]oUnX\v ssXe{]tbmKs¯¡mÄ Ihnªv asämcp {Zhyhpw thsdbnñ. ssXe¯nsâ kv\nKv²XsImïv hmbphnsâ cq£Xtbbpw KpcpXzw sImïv hmbphnsâ ssiXyt¯bpw \in¸n¨n«v ssXew £W¯nð a\x{]kmZt¯bpw hocyt¯bpw et¯bpw hÀ®t¯bpw icoc]pjvSntbbpw Dïm¡póXmWv. ChnSs¯ ssXe i_vZwsImïv LrXt¯¡qSn IW¡mt¡ïXmWv.

hr£aqe¯nð shÅw \\¨mð F{]Imcw hr£w \oe\ndapÅ CeItfmSpw tImafamb ]ñhm{K§tfmSpw IqSnbXmbpw bYmkabw hfÀóp hepXmIpóXmbpw ]pjv]^e§fpïmIpóXmbpw Xocpópthm A{]Imcw a\pjy³ A\phmk\wsImïv bYmkabw ]p{X]u{XmZn k´m\m`nhr²ntbmSp IqSnbh\mbpw bikznbmbpw _lpIoÀ¯nam\mbpw Xocpw.

hmXtIm]w \nan¯w icocw kvXw`n¨pt]mbXnepw k¦pNnXambnt¸mbXnepw sRmïnt¸mbXnepw kÔnNypXn AYhm AØn`wKw DïmbXnepw imJIfnð hmXtcmKapïmbXnepw hntijn¨pw hkvXn {]iv\amIpóp.

hbdv hoÀ¸pÅhcnepw aew Dd¨pI«nbmbnt¸mbhcnepw iqetcmKapÅhcnepw Blmc¯n\v CjvSanñm¯hcnepw hbdnð CtX{]ImcapÅ aäv tcmK§fpÅhcnepw hkvXn Gähpw \ñXmIpóp.

]pcpjt\mSv tNÀón«pw bmsXmcp kv{Xo¡v hmXP\yamb D]{Zh§Ä \nan¯w KÀ`w [cn¡msXt]mIpópthm AhÄ¡pw C{µnbw £bn¨pw icocw £oWn¨pw Ccn¡pó ]pcpjòmÀ¡pw hkvXn Gähpw \ñXmIpóp.

Bdmas¯ tNmZy¯nsâ D¯cw þ DjvWwsImïv ]oUn¡póh\nð ioXhkvXnbpw ioXwsImïv ]oUn¡póh\nð kptJmjvWhkvXnbpw {]tbmKn¡Ww. C{]Imcw hn]coXuj[§Ä D]tbmKn¨psImïpÅ hkvXn kÀÆ{X AXmXnó\pkcn¨ hn[¯nð D]tbmKn¡Ww. AXmbXv kvt\l]oUnX\nð cq£hkvXn cq£]oUnX\nð kvt\lhkvXn Fóo {Ia¯nð hkvXn sNt¿ïXmWv.

tim[\ sNt¿ï tcmK§fnð sshZy³ _rwlW hkvXn {]tbmKn¡cpXv. IpjvTw, {]talw apXemb tcmK§fnepw taZÊv IqSpXepÅhcnepw kwtim[\tbmKyamb aäv tcmK§fnepw _rwlW hkvXn {]tbmKn¡cpXv.

£oW (cmPb£vam) tcmKnIÄ¡pw £X (Dc£X £oWtcmKnIÄ¡pw [mXp¡Ä tKmjn¨hÀ¡pw AXnbmb ZuÀ_eyapÅhÀ¡pw aqÀÑmtcmKapÅhÀ¡pw ha\hntcN\mZn tim[\ sNbvXhÀ¡pw kwtim[\ hkvXn sN¿cpXv. (ha\ hntcN\w sNbvXhÀ¡v Ggv Znhkw Ignªmð hkvXn sN¿mhpóXmWv.) GhÀ¡v tZmj§fnð BbpÊv \nÀº²nXamtWm AhÀ¡pw tim[\hkvXn sN¿cpXv. AXmbXv cmPb£vam tcmKnbpsS BbpÊv aes¯ B{ibn¨mWv \nev¡póXv. A§ns\bpÅhÀ tim[\hkvXn sNbvXmð acW¯n\nSbmIpw.

imJIfnepw tImjvT¯nepw aÀ½§fnepw incÊnepw Fóv thï Fñm Ahbh§fnepw DïmIpó tcmK§Ä¡v {][m\ ImcWw hmbphñmsX asämópañ. "]n¯w]wKp I^w]wKp ]wKthm ae[mXh: hmbp\mb{X\obt´ X{XKÑ´n taLhð' CXn.

aew, aq{Xw, ]n¯w (BZni_vZwsImïv,) I^w, t{kmtXmae§Ä, Bamib§Ä FónhbpsS hntbmKs¯bpw kwtbmKs¯bpw Dïm¡póXv hmbphmIpóp. AXnbmbn hÀ²n¨ B hmbphnsâ ia\¯n\mbn hkvXnbñmsX asämcuj[hpw thsdbnñ. AXpsImïv hkvXnsb NnInÕbpsS ]IpXn`mKamsWópw AXñ NnInðkbpsS apgph³ `mKamsWópw NneÀ ]dbpóp.

\m`n {]tZi¯nepw ISo{]tZi¯nepw {]thin¨n«v hbdns\ Cf¡nbn«v hoïpw ]rjvT`mK¯v kv\nKv²X hó icocs¯ inYneam¡nbn«v I«nbmbn \nð¡pó tZmj§sfbpw ae§tfbpw aÀ±n¨n«v XSªp \nev¡pó tZmj§tfmSpw ae§tfmSpwIqSn ]pdt¯¡v hcpóXv hkvXnbpsS {]ikvXn¡v ImcWamIpóp.

\m`n{]tZiw, ISo{]tZiw, ]mÀiz`mKw, Ip£n Fóo Øm\§sf {]m]n¨n«v AhnsS kônXamb aet¯bpw tZmjkaqls¯bpw Cf¡nbn«v Npcp§nb thK{]hÀ¯\w sImïv kpJambn B tZmjaqe§sf ]pdt¯¡v IfbpóXv hkvXnbpsS kaytKymKamIpóp. IqSmsX ]nóoSv aeþaq{Xhmbp¡Ä icnbmbn ]pdt¯¡v t]mhpI. cpNnbpw Pmcmánbpw Bamib emLhmZnIfpw DïmhpI, tcmKw ian¡pI, tZmj§Ä kaØnXnbnemhpI, _ew DïmhpI Chbpw hkvXnbpsSkaytKymKe£WamIpóp.