A²ymbw þ 12

D¯-c-hkvXnkn²n

C\n D¯chkvXn kn²n Fó A²ymbs¯ Bt{Xb`Khm³ D]tZin¨Xp {]Imcw Aánthi alÀjn hnhcn¡póp.

ha\hntcN\mZnItfs¡mïv icocip²n hcp¯nb tcmKnsb sshZy³ c£n¡Ww. ImcWw Ah\v _e£bw, BatZmjw, aµmán, kÔn _ԧġv inYneX, hmbpþaewþI^wþ]n¯w Ch ]pdt¯¡v t]mbncn¡pI, Bibw Iriambncn¡pI, icoc iq\yX, {]XnImc§sfmópw kln¡m³ IgnbmXncn¡pI FónhsbñmapïmIpw. Ahs\ F® \nd¨ t\cnb ]m{Xw kq£¡pt¼mse kq£n¡Ww. AXmbXv kq£n¨nsñ¦nð ]m{Xw DSªp F® ]pdt¯¡v t]mIpóXpt]mse icocw \in¨p Poh³ ]pdt¯¡v t]mIpw. AXpt]mseXsó ]iphns\ tabv¡póh³ hSn [cn¨pw hnfn¨p Iqhnbpw ]iphns\ \nb{´n¨nsñ¦nð ]ip A\ycpsS hbenð Cd§n hnf \in¸n¡pw. AXpt]mse sshZy³ tZlip²n hcp¯nb tcmKnsb Fñmhn[ A]°y tkhbnð\nópw c£nt¡ïXmWv.

t]bmZn kwkÀÖ\{Iaadnbpó sshZy³tZlip²n hcp¯nb tcmKnsb AánZo]\mÀ°w BZyw t]bmZn{IawsImïpw ]nsó amwkckwsImïpw D]Ncn¡Ww. kwkÀÖ\ {Iam\´cw kv\nKv²XbpÅXpw ]pfnbpÅXpw a[pcapÅXpw lrZyhpamb Blmcw sImSp¡Ww. AXn\ptijw ]pfnbpw D¸pw tNÀ¯ Blmcw sImSp¡Ww. AXn\ptijw a[pchpw Ibv]pw tNÀó Blmcw sImSp¡Ww. AXn\ptijw hoïpw NhÀ¸pw Fcnhpw tNÀó BlmcwsImSp¡Ww. C{]Imcw ]ckv]cw hncp²§fmb ck§fpsS D]tbmKwsImïpw kv\nKv²XbpÅXpw cq£XbpÅXpamb {Zhy§fpsS hyXykvXamb D]tbmKwsImïpw AXmbXv kv\nKv²XbpÅh\v cq£XbpÅ {Zhyhpw cq£XbpÅh\v kv\nKv²{Zhyhpw D]tbmKn¨pw sshZy³ tcmKnsb {]IrXyhØbnðsImïphcWw.

kwkÀÖ\m\´cw tcmKn kzØ\bmð _ehm\mbpw hÀ®{]kmZapÅh\mbmepw Fñmänepw {]oXnbpÅh\mbpw AwKkujvThapÅh\mbpw Øntc{µnb\mbpw {]kómßmhmbpw Fñmw kln¡phm\pÅ IgnhpÅh\mbpancn¡psaódnbWw.

kwÀÖ\ {Inbm\´cw tcmKn ]qÀÆ{]IrXnesñ¦nð hÀÖnt¡ïXmb Fñm BlmchnlmcmZnIfpw hÀÖn¡Ww. Gähpw tZmjIcamb Xmsg ]dbpó F«v Imcy§Ä hntijn¨pw hÀÖnt¡ïXmWv.

D¨¯nepÅ kwkmcw, cYmZn hm\l§fnð bm{X sN¿pI \nan¯apïmIpó icoct£m`w, AXnbmb hgn\S¯w Htc Ccn¸nð A[nI kabancn¡pI BZyw Ign¨ Blmcw Zln¡msX hoïpw Blmcw Ign¡pI, lnXañm¯ Blmcw Ign¡pI, ]Iepd§pI, ssaYp\w sN¿pI Fóo F«v `mh§Ä icocw ]qÀÆØnXnbnemIm¯ tim[\ sNbvI tcmKn ]qÀ®ambpw hÀÖn¡Ww.

D¨¯nepÅ `mjWwsImïv icoc¯nsâ DuÀ²z`mK§fnepïmIpó tcmK§fpw cYt£m`wsImïv icoc¯nð apgph\pïmIpó tcmK§fpw AXnNw{IaWwsImïv icoc¯nsâ At[m`mK§fnepïmIpó tcmK§fpw AXymk\wsImïv a²ytZlP\yamb tcmK§fpw APoÀ®t`mPywsImïv BatZmjP\yamb tcmK§fpw AlnXt`mPywsImïv tZmjP\yamb tcmK§fpw Znhmkz]v\wsImïv I^P\yamb tcmK§fpw AXnssaYp\wsImïv £bP\yamb tcmK§fpw DïmIpóXmbncn¡pw.

tað]dªhbpsS Hmtcmóntâbpw e£W§Ä hnkvXcn¨pw Ahbv¡pÅ NnInÕbpw ^e{]Zamb bm]\ hkvXnbpw hn[n{]Imcw thïXpt]mse hnkvXcn¨pXcmw.

D¨¯nepw AXnbmbpw DÅ kwkmcwsImïv intcmtcmKw, iwJ{]tZi¯v Ip¯nt\mhv, t{kmXÊpIÄ ASªptt]mhpI, hmb, A®m¡v, IWvTw Chbnð hcĨ, Xnancw, Zmlw, Pzcw, XaIizmkw, l\pkvXw`w, a\ykvXw`w, I^w Xp¸pI, s\ônepw ]mÀiz`mK¯pw thZ\, kzct`Zw, F¡n« izmktcmKw apXembhbpïmIpw.

cYt£m`wsImïv kÔnIÄ¡pw ap«n\pw inYneX, XmSnsbñv, aq¡v, sNhn, incÊv Chbnð iqebpw Ip¯nt\mhpw DïmhpI, PTcmán¡v Cf¡w, hbdvhoÀ¸v, C{µnb§Ä¡v {KmlyiànbnñmXncn¡pI, Bk\w, ]mÀiz`mKw, Ibe, hrjWw, ISo{]tZiw, ]pdw FónhnS§fnð thZ\, kÔnIfnepw Igp¯nepw XmSnsbñnepw ]n³Igp¯nepw _e£bw, Ahbh§fnð thZ\, ]mZtim^w ]mZ¯nð Xcn¸v, ]mZlÀjw apXembh DïmIpw.

AXnbmb \S¯wsImïv ]pdwImð, IWwImð, XpSap«v, Ibe, t{imWn, ]pdw FónhnS§fnð thZ\, OÀ±n, kÔnIÄ¡v XfÀ¨, ImepIÄ¡v XfÀ¨, Ip¯nt\mhv, aknðkv DcpïpIbäw, \pdp§nt\mhv, NpaevthZ\, kncIÄ¡pw [a\nIÄ¡pw lÀjw (io{Lkv]µ\w) izmktcmKw, Imkw apXembhbpïmIpw.

AXnbmb Ccp¯wsImïv cYt£mZP\y§fmb Bk\w, ]mÀiz`mKw, Ibe, hrjWw, Acs¡«v, ]pdw FónhnS§fnð thZ\ apXembhbpïmIpw.

APoÀ®t`mP\hpw A²yi\hpwsImïv apJtimjw, hbdvhoÀ¸v, iqethZ\, Ip¯nt\mhv, Zmlw, icoc¯n\v XfÀ¨, OÀ±n, AXnkmcw, aqÀÑ, Pzcw ap¡ð, Bahnjw apXembhbpïmIpw.

hnjamlmchpw AlnXmlmchpwsImïv Aó¯nð B{KlanñmXncn¡pI, _e£bw, \ndt`Zw, sNmdn¨ð, Nnc§v, icoc¯n\v XfÀ¨, hmXmZntZmjtIm]P\yamb {KlWn, AÀiÊv apXembhbpïmIpw.

]Iepd§póXpsImïv AtcmNIw, Zl\£bw, Aánamµyw, kvXw`\w, ]mWvUpXzw, sNmdn¨ð, Nnc§v, Np«p\odð, OÀ±n, \pdp§nt\mhv, lrZbkvXw`w, PUXzw, aSn, Ft¸mgpw Dd¡w hcnI, apgIÄ DïmhpI, _e£bw, I®v Nph¸v, hmbnð I^w ]pcïXpt]msebncn¡pI FónhbpïmIpw.

ssaYp\wsImïv s]s«óv _e£bw, XpS XfÀ¨, hkvXn, incÊv, enwKw, KpZw, Ibe, XpS Chbnð kvXw`\w, ap«v, hrjWw, IW¦mð, ]mZw Chbnð iqethZ\, lrZb¯n\pw I®n\pw ]oU, icoc¯n\v inYneX, ip¢amÀ¤¯nð¡qSn càw hcnI, Imkw, izmktcmKw, càw Xp¸pI, _e¯n\pw kzc¯n\pw £oWw, Acs¡«n\v _e£bw, GImwKtcmKw, kÀÆmwKtcmKw, hr£W¯n\v ho¡w, At[mhmbphn\pw ae¯n\pw aq{X¯n\pw XSÊw, ip¢wX\nsb {khn¨pt]mhpI, PmUyX, hndbð, sNhntIÄ¡mbvI FónhbpïmIpw.

AXnssaYp\wsImïv KpZw ]nfÀ¡póXpt]msebpw enwK¯nð ASn¡póXpt]msebpw DïmIpw. \S¡pt¼mÄ XfÀ¨bpïmIpw. lrZbw hndbv¡pw. kÔnIÄ¡v ]oUbpïmIpw. tim[\m\´cw kzØmhØsb {]m]n¡póXn\pap¼v Cu ]dª F«v hn[¯nepÅ A]Nmcw ioen¡póXmbmð Cu ]dª D]{Zhym[nIÄ DïmIpóXmbncn¡pw.

D]{Zhhym[nIÄ¡pÅ NnInÕ þ D¨¯nð kwkmcn¡pIbpw AXnbmbn kwkmcn¡pIbpw sNbvXXsImïpïmIpó tcmK§Ä¡v F® tX¡pI, hnbÀ¸n¡pI, D]\mltkzZhpw [qa]m\hpw \kyhpw sN¿pI, Blmcm\´cw kvt\l]m\w sN¿pI Fónhbpw amwkckw, ]mð apXemb Fñmhn[ hmXlchn[nbpw au\mNcWhpw \ñXmIpóp.

hml\¯nð Ibdn bm{XsNbvXXpsImïpw AXnbmbn hgn \SóXpsImïpw AXnbmbn CcpóXpsImïpw Dïmb D]{Zhhym[nIÄ¡v kvt\ltkzZmZn Fñmhn[ hmXlc NnInÕbpw \nZr\hÀÖ\hpw \ñXmIpóp.

APoÀ®wsImïpw A²yi\wsImïpw Dïmb tcmK§Ä¡v Zln¡msX tij¨n Blmcs¯ OÀ±n¸n¨p IfbpóXpw cq£tkzZw sN¿póXpw [qa]m\hpw D]hmkhpw ioen¡póXpw ]mN\obhpw Zo]\obhpamb Huj[§Ä D]tbmKn¡póXpw \ñXmIpóp.

hnjami\wsImïpw AlnXmi\wsImïpw Dïmb D]{Zhhym[nIÄ¡v AXmXnepïmIpó tZmjtIm]§Ä¡\pkcn¨ NnInÕ sN¿Ww.

]Iepd§nbXpsImïpïmb D]{Zhhym[nIÄ¡v [qa]m\w, ewL\w, ha\w, intcmhntcN\w (\kyw) hymbmaw, cq£mlmcw Ch ioen¡póXpw Zo]\obuj[§fp]tbmKn¡póXpw icoc¯nð Huj[ NqÀ®§fn«p Xncp½pI, shdpsX Xncp½pI, [mc sN¿pI apXemb Fñmhn[ I^lchn[nIfpw \ñXmIpóp.

ssaYp\P\yamb tcmK§Ä¡v Poh\obKWuj[§Ä tNÀ¯pIm¨nb ]mepw s\¿pw D]tbmKn¡póXpw AXpt]mseXsó hmXlc§fmb tkzZw, A`ywKw, D]\mlw Fónhbpw hocyhÀ²I§fmb Blmc§fpw kvt\lhn[n{]Imcw ]mIwsNbvX kvt\l§fpw bm]\hkvXnbpw kvt\lhkvXnbpw \ñXmIpóp. aq{XtcmKhpw hkvXniqebpw DÅXnð hnZmcnKÔmZn KWhpw Poh\obKWhpw ]mepw tNÀ¯pIm¨nb ssXewsImïv D¯chkvXn (aqt{X{µnb¯nð sN¿pó hkvXn) sN¿Ww. bm]\hkvXnIÄ Fñm Ime¯pw D]tbmKn¡mhpóXmWv. Ahsb D]tZin¨pXcmw. At¸mÄ bm]\ hkvXn HgnsI aäphkvXnIÄ Fñm Ime¯pw D]tbmKn¨pIqsSóv a\Ênem¡Ww. "Bbptjm bm]\w ZoÀLImem\phÀ¯\w IqÀÆ´oXn bm]\#mhkvXbx'.

apkvXmZnbm]\ hkvXn ap¯§, cma¨w, Ipdpt´m«nthcv, sImós¯men, Ac¯, aô«nt¡mev, ISptcmlnWn, {_Òn, sXgpXmathcv, Xm\n¡, NnäarXv, Hcnethcv, aqhnethcv, sNdphZn\nthcv, h³egpZn\nthcv, sRcnªnð Ch Hmtcm ]ehpw F«v ae¦mc¡bpw IgpInXd¨nSn¨p \menS§gn shůnð Ijmbwsh¨p \mensemómbmseSp¯cn¨p cïnS§gn ]mðtNÀ¯p hoïpw ]mIwsNbvXp ]membmseSp¯p AXnð Xpeyw PmwKamwkckhpw tX\pw s\¿pw kaambpw tNÀ¯p NXpI¸, Cc«na[pcw, ISI¸mebcn, ckmRvP\w, Rmgð¸qhv Ch Iev¡ambpw C´p¸v DNnXamb am{Xbnepw tNÀ¯p sNdpNqSnð hkvXnsNbvXmð ip¢w, amwkw, PTcmán, ew Ch hÀ²n¡pw. £X£oWw, Imkw, Kpevaw, hnjaPzcw, {_[v\tcmKw, hmXIpWvUenIm, DZmhÀ¯w, I£niqe, aq{XIr{Ñw, AkrKvZcw, hnkÀ¸w, {]hmlnIm, Imkw, XethZ\, {KlWntcmKw, Aivacn, DòmZw, AÀiÊv, {]talw, hbdv hoÀ¸v, hmXcàw, ]n¯P\yambpw I^P\yambpw DïmIpó tcmK§Ä Fónh ian¡pw. s]«óv _es¯ Dïm¡pw. CXv ckmb\hpw IqSnbmIpóp.

Hmcnethcv, aqhnethcv, h³hgpZn\thcv, IïImcn¨pïthcv, sRcnªnð Ch Hmtcm ]ew FSp¯p IgpIn Xd¨nSn¨p \menS§gn ]menð Ijmbwsh¨p \mensemómbmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð ap¼v ]dªXpt]mse iXIpkpamZn Iev¡ambpw s\¿pw FsÅ®bpw C´p¸pw tX\pw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p sNdpNqSnð Htóm ctïm aqtóm hkvXn sN¿Ww. Fñm tcmK§Ä¡pw Cu hkvXn \ñXmIpóp. hntijn¨v efnX kpIpamc icoc {]IrXn¡mÀ¡pw ssaYp\wsImïv £oWn¨hÀ¡pw Dc£XapÅhÀ¡pw ]gInb AÀtimtcmKapÅhÀ¡pw k´m\w thWsaóm{KlapÅhÀ¡pw \ñXmIpóp.

Icn¦pdpªnthcv, Ipdpt´m«nthcv, s]cp¦pdp¼thcv, \ómdn¡ng§v, Chbn«pIm¨nb ]mentem AYhm h³hgpZn\thcv, IïImcn¨pï, iXmhcn¡ng§v, NnäarXv Chbn«pIm¨nb ]mentem Cc«na[pchpw ae¦mc¡bpw Xn¸enbpw Ac¨p tNÀ¯p ap³]dªXp{]Imcw hkvXn sN¿Ww. A{]Imcw Ipdpt´m«nthcv, B\¡pdpt´m«nthcv, ]mðapXp¡n³ Ing§v, Hmcnethcv, aqhnethcv, h³hgpZn\nthcv, IïImcn¨pï, ZÀ`thcv, IapZn³thcv, Iqhf¡mb, Chbn«pIm¨nb ]menð Cc«na[pchpw ae¦mc¡bpw Ac¨ptNÀ¯p tX\pw s\¿pw XqhÀ¨ne¡mchpw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXn sN¿Ww. Cu bm]\ hkvXnIÄsImïv Imkw, Pzcw, Kpevaw, ¹oltcmKw AÀ±nXw Fónh ian¡pw. kv{XotkhsImïpw aZy]m\wsImïpw £oWn¨hÀ¡v £W¯nð _es¯ Dïm¡pw. CXv ckmb\hpamIpóp.

Ipdpt´m«nthcv, B\¡pdpt´m«nthcv, Ac¯, sImós¯men, ae¦mc¡, Iqhfwthcv, NnäarXv sXgpXmathcv, BhW¡n³thcv, Aap¡cw, Icn¦pdpªnthcv, NaXs¯men, tZhXmcw, Ziaqew, Ch Hmtcm ]ew, e´¡pcp, apXnc, DW§nb apñ¦n Ch \ómep]ew FñmwIqSn 16 CS§gn shůnð Ijmbwsh¨p hkvXn¡v thïpó{XbmbmseSp¯cn¨ AXnð Cc«na[pcw ae¦mcbv¡, NXpIp¸, sIm«w, Xn¸en, hb¼v, IpSI¸mebcn, ckmRvP\w, Rmhð¸qhv, PocIw Ch Ac¨ptNÀ¯p iÀ¡c, s\¿v, ssXew, tX³, ]mð amwkckw, ]pfn¨ImSn, C´p¸v Chbpw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p sNdpNqSnð hkvXn sN¿Ww. CXv ip¢aq{X aetcm[§fnepw hmXP\yamb Kpevalrt{ZmKm[vam\§fnepw {_[v\tcmKw, ]pd¯pw Acs¡«nepw DïmIpó ]nSp¯w, HmÀ½¡pdhv, _e£bw Fónhbnepw {]tbmKn¡phm³ \ñXmIpóp.

AS¡maWnb³thcv cïv ]ehpw ]IpXn Dan Ifª bhw \mev ]ehpwIqSn ]mepw shÅhpw tNÀ¯Xnð Ijmbwsh¨ ]membmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð tX³, s\¿v, F®, C´p¸v Ch tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXn sN¿Ww. CXv kÀÆmwK§fnepw hym]n¨ hmXcàw, ip¢þaeþaq{Xtcm[w kv{Xo tkhsImïpÅ £oWw Fónhbnð \ñXmIpóp. hmXlcamWv. _p²n [mcWmiàn, PTcmán, _ew Chsb Dïm¡pIbpw sN¿pw.

sNdp]ôaqew ]mepw shÅhpw tNÀ¯p Ijmbw sh¨p ]membmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð Xn¸en, Cc«na[pcw, ae¦mc¡ Ch Ac¨p tNÀ¯p iÀ¡cbpw s\¿pw tX\pw ssXehpw C´p¸pw tNÀ¯p tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p £oWn¨h\pw hnjaPzcapÅh\pw hkvXn sN¿Ww.

Ipdpt´m«nthcv, B\¡pdpt´m«nthcv, ISemSnthcv, \mbn¡pcWhn¯v Ch \mepwIqSn 8þ]ehpw ]IpXn Ip¯nb bhw 4þ]ehpw IqSn ]mepw shÅhpw tNÀ¯p Ijmbwsh¨p ]membmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð Xn¸enbpw Cc«na[pchpw ae¦mcbv¡bpw Ac¨p tNÀ¯p iÀ¡cbpw s\¿pw tX\pw ssXehpw C´p¸pw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXn sN¿Ww. CXv hr²òmÀ¡pw ip¢w £bn¨hÀ¡pw càw £bn¨hÀ¡pw Gähpw \ñXmIpóp.

Ipdpt´m«nthcv, Cc«na[pcw, ]mðapXp¡n³Ing§v, ZÀ`thcv, ap´ncn§, bhw Ch F«nc«n shůnð Ijmbwsh¨p \mensemómbmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð Xpeyw B«n³ ]mð tNÀ¯p hoïpw ]mIw sNbvXp ]membmseSp¯p AXnð Cc«n a[pchpw ae¦mc¡bpw Ac¨ptNÀ¯p tX\pw s\¿pw C´p¸pw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p Pzc]oUnX\v hkvXn sN¿Ww.

Hmcnethcv, aqhnethcv, sRcnªnð, Xt¡mew, IapZn³Imb, Nnäo´ð, Cu¯¸gw, ae¦mc¡, Ccn¸¸qhv. Ch HcnS§gn B«n³]mepw HcnS§gn shÅhpw tNÀ¯p Ijmbwsh¨p \mensemómbmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð Xn¸en, Cc«na[pcw, \oe¯mac, Ch Ac¨ptNÀ¯p s\¿pw C´p¸pw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p C{µnb £oWapÅhÀ¡pw hnjaPzcwsImïv icocw saenªhÀ¡pw hkvXnsN¿phm³ \ñXmIpóp.

ØncmZn, sNdp]ôaqew 5þ]ew, sNsóñcn, \hcbcn, bhw, tKmX¼v, Dgpóv Ch Cu cïv ]ew FñmwIqSn ]menð Ijmbwsh¨p \mensemómbmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð tImgnap«bpsS ckw (ap«ss¯ew) tX³, s\¿v, iÀ¡c, C´p¸v, XphÀ¨ne¡mcw Ch tNÀ¯v tbmPn¸n¨p sN¿pó hkvXn hocys¯ hÀ²n¸n¡póXpw _et¯bpw hÀ®{]kmZt¯bpw Dïm¡póXpamIpóp.

CXphsc ]dª 12þbm]\kvXnIfnð abnð \oÀ¡m¡, Acbów, ChbpsS ckw tNÀ¯p hkvXn sN¿mhpóXmWv. Xn¯ncn¸£nbpsS amwkhpw sNdp]ôaqehpw tNÀ¯pw abnensâ amwkhpw sNdp]ôaqehpw tNÀ¯p Acbó¯nsâ amwkhpw ]ôaqehpw tNÀ¯pw ]mð¡jmbapïm¡n AXnð NXpIp¸, Cc«na[pcw, Ac¯, IpSIbcn, Xn¸en Ch Ac¨ptNÀ¯p s\¿pw F®bpw iÀ¡cbpw C´p¸pw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p sN¿pó hkvXn _et¯bpw hÀ®t¯bpw hÀ²n¸n¡pw. ckmb\hpamIpóp.

Ziaqehpw tImgnamwkhpw ]menð Ijmbwsh¨p \mensemómbmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð Xn¸en, Ccn¸¸qhv, ae¦mc¡, Ac¯, Cc«na[pcw Ch Ac¨ptNÀ¯p iÀ¡cbpw tX\pw s\¿pw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXnsNbvXmð AXnbmb kv{XohnjbwsImïv _ew £bn¨hÀ¡v _es¯ Dïm¡pw.

abnentâbpw \oÀ¡m¡bptSbpw ]n¯w, NndIv, Imð, Xe, IpSð Ch \o¡w sNbvXp ØncmZneLp ]ôaqew Hmtcm ]ew tNÀ¯p ]mepw shÅhpw IqSnt¨À¯Xnð Ijmbwsh¨p ]membmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð ae¦mc¡, ]mðapXp¡n³Ing§v, Xn¸en, NXpI¸, Cc«na[pcw Ch Ac¨ptNÀ¯p tX\pw s\¿pw C´p¸pw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXn sN¿Ww. CXv AXnbmbn kv{Xotkh sNbvXhÀ¡pw C{µnb§Ä £oWn¨hÀ¡pw \ñXmIpóp. _et¯bpw hÀ®{]kmZt¯bpw Dïm¡pIbpw sN¿pw.

abnentâbpw \oÀ¡m¡bptSbpw amwkckwsImïv hkvXn sN¿m³ ]dªXpt]mse kq{XØm\¯nð ]dª 20þhn[w hnjvInc¸£nIfptSbpw 30þhn[w{]XpZ¸£nIfptSbpw 29þhn[w {]kl¸£nIfptSbpw 27þhn[w PeNc PohnIfptSbpw 9þhn[w tcmlnXmZn aÕy§fptSbpw amwkck¯nð ap³]dªXpt]mse ^emZnIÄ Iev¡am¡nbpw a[pLrXsskÔh§fpw tNÀ¯p hkvXn, sN¿mhpóXmWv. Fómð Chbnð ]mðtNÀ¡m³ ]mSpÅXñ.

DSp¼v, Iocn, ]q¨, Fen, apų]ón ChbpsS amwkw ]¯v ]ehpw alð]ôaqew ]¯v ]ehpwIqSn \menc«n hmenð Ijmbwsh¨p \mensemómbmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð Xn¸en, ae¦mc¡, Ch Ac¨ptNÀ¯p C´p¸v, NhÀ¡mcw, iÀ¡c, tX³, s\¿v, ssXew Chbpw tNÀ¯v tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXn sN¿Ww. CXv _es¯ Dïm¡póXpw ckmb\hpamWv. DcÊnepïmb £Xs¯ kÔn tNÀ¡pw. kmlk {]hÀ¯nsImïv DcÊnepïmb aY\w, cY¯nepw B\¸pd¯pw IpXnc¸pd¯pw Ibdn bm{X sNbvXXpsImïv icoc¯nepïmb aY\w hmtXmZmhÀ¯w, It^mZmhÀ¯w Fónh CXvsImïv ian¡pw. At[mhmbp, aq{Xw, aew, ip¢w ChbpsS XSÊs¯ XoÀ¡phm³ CXv Gähpw \ñXmIpóp.

Ba, No¦®n apXembhbpsS amwkck¯nð \menc«n ]mð tNÀ¯p Im¨n ]membmseSp¯p AXnð ]ip, t]m¯v, Acbów, tImgn ChbpsS amwkckhpw s\¿v, tX³, iÀ¡c, C´p¸v Chbpw Icn¼n³\ocpw Cc«na[pchpw \mbn¡pcpW hn¯pw Ac¨Xpw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p sN¿pó hkvXn hr²òmÀ¡vt]mepw _es¯ Dïm¡pw.

Imf, t]m¯v, BSv, ]ón ChbpsS hrjWhpw Rïntâbpw apbentâbpw amwkhpw tNÀ¯p Im¨nb ]menð s]cpap¯§bpw hbð¨pÅn hn¯pw \mbn¡pcW hn¯pw Ac¨ptNÀ¯p tX\pw s\¿pw Aev]w C´p¸pw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p sN¿pó hkvXn hr²òmÀ¡vt]mepw _es¯ Dïm¡pw.

Rïnsâ amwkck¯nð NSI¸£nbpsS AWvUckhpw tX\pw s\¿pw iÀ¡cbpw tNÀ¯p sN¿pó hkvXnbpw IqÀ½mZnIfpsS amwkck¯nð sN¿pó hkvXnbpw Gähpw hrjyamIpóp. Cu hkvXnIÄ sN¿pó Imew s]cpap¯§bpw hbð¨pÅnhn¯pw \mbn¡pcWhn¯pw C«pIm¨nb ]mð Blmc¯n\v A\p]m\ambn IpSn¡Ww, C{]Imcw sN¿pó ]pcpj³ \qdv kv{Xosb {]m]n¡phm³ kaÀ°\mbn¯ocpw.

Ziaqew, abnðamwkw, tImgnamwkw, Acbóamwkw ChsbñmwIqSn sh¨ Ijmbw 10þ]ew, tX³ ssXew, s\¿v, hk, aÖ Ch 8þ]ew FñmwIqSn tNÀ¯p AXnð NXpI¸, AS¡maWnb³thcv Ch Ac¨ptNÀ¯p Aev]w C´p¸pw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p hkvXn sN¿Ww. CXv ]mZw, s\cnbmWn, XpS, ap«v, IW¦mð, Acs¡«v, Ibe, hkvXn{]tZiw, hrjWw Fóo Øm\§fnepÅ hmXhnImcXs¯ \in¸n¡pw. am³, hnjvInc¸£n, B\q]Pohn amf¯nð ]mÀ¡pó Pohn ChbpsS amwkck¯nð tað]dªXp{]Imcw hkvXnsNbvXmð ]mZ Kpð^mZnIfnse hmbphnImcw ian¡pw.

tX\pw s\¿pw 4þ]ew Xpeyw NqSv shÅw tNÀ¯p AXnð Ac¸ew NXpI¸ Ac¨Xpw Hóc¡gôv C´p¸pw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p sN¿pó hkvXn Gähpw hrjyamIpóp. aq{XIr{Ñw, ]n¯hnImcw, hmXhnImcw Chsb \i¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pw.

At¸msgSp¯ LrXsse hkmaÖIÄ (NXpx kvt\lw) \menS§gn FSp¯p AXnð Ac¸ew AS¡maWnb³ thcc¨Xpw Hóc¡gôv C´p¸pw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p sN¿pó hkvXn Gähpw hrjyamIpóp. aq{XIr{Ñhpw ]n¯tcmKhpw ian¡pw. ckmb\hpamIpóp.

tX\pw F®bpw 8þ]ew kaw NqSpshÅhpw AÀ¸ew NXpIp¸ Ac¨Xpw Hóc¡gôv C´p¸pw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p sN¿pó hkvXn Zo]\hpw _rwlWhpw _ehÀ®§sf Dïm¡póXpw bmsXmcp]{Zhapïm¡m¯Xpw Gähpw hrjyhpw ckmb\hpamWv. {Inan, IpjvTw, DZmhÀ¯w, Kpevaw, AÀiÊv, {_[v\tcmKw, ¹oltcmKw, {]talw Chsb ian¸n¡póXpamIpóp.

ap³]dªXp{]Imcw tX\pw s\¿pw FSp¯v Xpeyw ]mð tNÀ¯p NXpI¸ Ac¨Xpw C´p¸pw tNÀ¯v tbmPn¸n¨p sN¿pó hkvXn _et¯bpw hÀ®{]kmZt¯bpw Dïm¡pw. hrjyamWv. \ncp]{ZhhpamWv. CXv hkvXnbnepw enwK¯nepw DïmIpó ]gp¸v, KpZ¯nð apdn¡póXpt]mse thZ\, aq{XIr{Ñw, ]n¯tcmKw Fónhsb ian¸n¡pw. ckmb\hpamWv.

tX\pw s\¿pw 8þ]ew FSp¯p Xpepw amwkckw tNÀ¯p aqóv Igôv ap¯§bpw Ac¨ptNÀ¯p ap³]dªXpt]mse hkvXn sNbvXmð I^tcmKw, ]mZtcmKw, Kpevaw, ap«n\pw XpS¡pw DïmIpó kt¦mNw, hkvXn, hrjWw, enwKw, Acs¡«v, XpS]pdw Fóo Øm\§fnepïmIpó ipethZ\ Fónh ian¡pw.

kpc, kuhocIw, apXncbpsS ckw, amwkckw tX³, s\¿v, F® ChsbñmwIqSn 14þ]ew FSp¯v AXnð ap¯§bpw NXpI¸bpw Ac¨ptNÀ¯v C´p¸pw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p sN¿pó hkvXn Fñmhn[ hmXtcmK§sfbpw ian¸n¡pw.

Ziaqe, {Xn^et¯mSv, Iqhf¡mb, ae¦mc¡, Ch tKmaq{X¯nð Ijmbwsh¨p AXnð IpSI¸mebcn, ae¦mc¡, ap¯§, Ch Ac¨ptNÀ¯p C´p¸pw NhÀ¡mchpw tX\pw F®bpw tNÀ¯p tbmPn¸n¨p sN¿pó hkvXn I^tcmKs¯ ian¸n¡pw hÀ®{]kmZs¯ Dïm¡pw. hmXkwKw, ip¢kwKw, APoÀ®w, hnjqNnI, AekIw Fónhbnepw Cu hkvXn sN¿mhpóXmWv.

C\n hrjy§fmb kvt\l§sf hnhcn¨pXcmw. iXmhcn¡ng§v, NnämarXv, Icn¼, ]mðapXp¡n³ Ing§v, s\ñn¡, ap´ncn§, Cu¯¸gw Ch Hmtcmópw b{´¯nen«p ]ngnª shÅw Hmtcm CS§gn, A{]Imcw s\¿v, ssXew, ]iphn³]mð, Fcpa¸mð, B«n³]mð Ch CucïnS§gn AXnð PohIw, CShIw, taZ, almtaZ, aqf¡À¸qcw, Ibnap¯§, Xn¸en, ]pjvIc_oPw, \oe¯mac, IS¼n³]qhv, Xmacbñn Ch Ið¡w tNÀ¯v ]pÅnam³, ]pÅn¸pen, tImgn, NSI¸£n, sNt¼m¯v, Ipbnð, abnð, PohRvPohI¸£n, IenwK¸£n, \oe Acbów ChbpsS amwkckw, hk, aÖ Ch HcnS§gn tNÀ¯p ]mIw sN¿Ww. ]mIw sN¿pt¼mÄ thZ§Ä D¨cn¡pIbpw iwJv hnfn¡pIbpw ]Slt`cnIÄ apg¡pIbpw shsImä¡pS ]nSn¨p B\¸pds¯gpóÅn¡pIbpw inh]qP sN¿pIbpw thWw. AXn\ptijw kvt\l¯nð aqónsemcp `mKtam A{XXsótbm tX³tNÀ¯p awKfhN\w, BinÀhN\w, kvXpXn CjvStZhXm ]qP Ch sNbvXp hkvXn sN¿Ww. CXv AXnbmbn kv{Xotkh sN¿póhÀ¡pw, hocyw \jvSs¸«hÀ¡pw, £X£oWòmÀ¡pw, hnjaPzc ]oUnXÀ¡pw, tbm\nhym]¯pÅhÀ¡pw, hÔyXIÄ¡pw, càKpevaapÅhÀ¡pw, KÀ`¯nð Ip«n acn¨pt]mIpóhÀ¡pw, BÀ¯hanñm¯hÀ¡pw, amwkhpw càhpw £bn¨hÀ¡pw Gähpw \ñXmIpóp. CXv D¯aamb ckmb\amWv. Pcm\csb \in¸n¡póXpamsWódnbWw.

Ipdpt´m«nthcv, sRcnªnð, Ac¯, Aap¡pcw, iXmhcn¡ng§v, Icn¦pdpªnthcv Ch Hmtcmópw \qdv \qdv ]ew, 1600þCS§gn shůnð Ijmbwsh¨p 16þCS§gn BbseSp¯cn¨p AXnð ]mðapXp¡n³ Ing§nsâ \ocv 1þCS§gn, s\ñn¡m\ocv 1þCS§gn, BSv, t]m¯v, ]ón, Imf, tImgn, abnð, Acbów, \oe Acbów, hïmcwtImgn Ch Hmtcmóntâbpw amwkckw Hmtcm CS§gn, s\¿v 1þCS§gn, F® 1þCS§gn ]mð 8þCS§gn Ch tNÀ¯p Nµ\w, s]cp¦pdp¼thcv, apf¡À¸qcw, Xmac¡ng§v, Xmachf, \oe¯mac, Im«p]tSmew, \mbn¡pcWhn¯v, Aó]mIn, ]\¦q¼v, Cu¯]¸gw, ap´ncn§, IogmÀs\ñn, IïImcn¨pï, PohIw, CShIw, Im«pgpóv, Im«p]bdv, iXmhcn¡ng§v, taZ, almtaZ, Xn¸en, Ccpthcn, CehwKw, ]¨ne Ch Iev¡ambpw tNÀ¯v kvt\l]mIhn[n{]Imcw ]mIw sN¿Ww. ap³]dªXp t]mse thtZm¨mcWmZnIÄ sNbvXv Cu s\¿vsImïv hkvXn sN¿Ww. Cu hkvXn sNbvXmð \qdv k{XoIsf {]m]n¡mw. Cu hkvXn sN¿pt¼mÄ BlmchnlmcmZnIÄ¡v bmsXmcp \nb{´Whpw Bhiyanñ. CXv hrjyhpw hÀ®{]kmZs¯ Dïm¡póXpw icocs¯ XSn¸n¡póXpw BbpÊns\ hÀ²n¸n¡póXpw Pcm\cIsf t]m¡póXpamIpóp. £X£oWòmÀ¡pw ip¢w \in¨hÀ¡pw hnjaPzcw sImïv ]oUn¡póhÀ¡pw tbm\ntcmKapÅ kv{XoIÄ¡pw Gähpw \ñXmIpóp.

100þ]ew Icn¦pdpªnthcv, 1600þCS§gn shůnð Ijmbwsh¨p 16þCS§gn BbmseSp¯cn¨p AXnð ]mðapXp¡n³ Ing§nsâ ckw HcnS§gnbpw Icn¼n³\ocv HcnS§gnbpw F«nS§gn ]mepw HcnS§gn s\¿pw HcnS§gn F®bpw Ipdpt´m«nthcv, Cc«na[pcw, Ccn¸¸qhv, Nµ\w, s]cp¦pdp¼thcv, \ómdn¡ng§v, taZ, almtaZ, ImtImfn, £ocImtImfn, AS]Xnb³Ing§v, AInð, ]qh¯w, ]pen¨phSv, I¨qcw, Icn¦pdpªnthcv, IdpI¸pñv, CehwKw, ]ms¨mäns¯men, Ch ap½qóv Igôv Iev¡ambpw Bdv Igôv iÀ¡cbpw tNÀ¯p ]mIwsN¿Ww. CXv Fñmhn[ tcmK§tfbpw \in¸n¡pw. ckmb\amWv. A´x]pc¯nð hkn¡pó kv{XoIÄ¡v CXv Gähpw t{ijvTamWv. Dcx £Xw, £bw, hmX]n¯thZ\, Imkw izmktcmKw Chsb \in¸n¡pw. CXnð aqónsemcp `mKw tX³ tNÀ¯p hkvXn sNbvXmð AIme¯pïmIpó Pcm\cIÄ \in¡pw. hÀ®w, cq]w, _ew, amwkw, ip¢w Ch hÀ²n¡pw, Cu ]dª kv\l hkvXnIsfñmw ckmb\amIpóp. Fómð Cu ]dª LrXtbmK§sfñmw \qtdm Bbnctam {]mhiyw BhÀ¯ns¨Sp¯mð hocyw IqSpXð hÀ²n¡pw.

C{]Imcw bm]\kvt\l§fpw bm]\ hkvXnIfpw ]dbs¸«p. Cu ]dª bm]\hkvXnIÄ kzØòmÀ¡pw tcmKnIÄ¡pw hr²òmÀ¡pw hncp²ambn«pÅXñ. AXmbXv FñmhÀ¡pw Hcpt]mse D]tbmKn¡mhpóXmWv. CXv AXnbmbn kv{XotkhsN¿póhcpsS ip¢t¯bpw amwkt¯bpw _et¯bpw hÀ²n¸n¡póXmWv. CXv Fñm tcmK§sfbpw ian¸n¡pw. Fñm EXp¡fnepw {]tbmKn¡mhpóXpamWv. k´m\anñm¯ kv{XoIÄ¡pw ]pcpjòmÀ¡pw CXvsImïv k´m\apïmIpw. Cu ]dª kvt\lhkvXnsImïv icoc¯n\v kv\nKv²Xbpw IjmbhkvXnsImïv tim[\bpw DïmIpw.

hymbmaw, ssaYp\w, aZy]m\w, am[zoImZyw, XWp¯shÅw, APoÀ®t`mP\w, A²yi\w apXemb kwt`mP\w, icoc¯n\v t£m`apïm¡pó hn[¯nepÅ khmcn Fónh bm]\hkvXn sN¿pó Ahkc¯nð \nµnXamIpóp.

tImgnap«bpsS ck¯nð hkvXnsN¿m³ ]dªXpt]mse abnð, \oÀ¡m¡, Acbów ChbpsS AWvUck¯nð sN¿m³ ]dª hkvXnþ3, hnjvInc¸£nIfpsS ckwsImïv sN¿m³ ]dbs¸« hkvXnþ20, {]XpZ¸£nItfs¡mïvþ30, {]kl¸£nItfs¡mïvþ29, PeNcPohnItfs¡mïvþ27, aÕymZnIsfs¡mïvþ9, IqÀ½Iev]kZriw IÀ¡SIImZnIsfs¡mïvþ10, arK§sfs¡mïvþ17, hnjvInc¸£nIsfs¡mïvþ19, B\q]PohnItfs¡mïvþ9, `qibPohnItfs¡mïvþ24, Npcp¡¯nð kvt\lhkvXn klnXw ]dª bm]\hkvXnIÄþ29 C{Imcw 216þhkvXnIÄ hnkvXcn¨p ]dbs¸«p.

Cu ]dª 216 hkvXntbmK§fnð tX³ tNÀ¯p]tbmKn¡póXmbmð a\pjys\ IqSpXð hrjyhm\m¡n¯oÀ¡póXmbncn¡pw, IqSmsX tX³ tNÀ¯v Aev]w kvXw`n¸n¡pItbm hkvXnsb \nb{´n¡pItbm sNbvXmð AXntbmKtam AtbmKtam hópt]mIpóXñ.

Cu ]dª hkvXnIfpsS arZpXzwsImïv hkvXn {Zhyw ]pdt¯¡v hcmsX ImWpIbmsW¦nð DSs\ Xsó tKmaq{Xw tNÀ¯ Xo£vW hkvXn{ZhywsImïv BØm]\w (IjmbhkvXn) sN¿Ww.

bm]\hkvXn thïXnepw IqSpXembn sNbvXpt]mbmð icoctimjw, PTcmán\miw, ]mWvUptcmKw, Kpevaw, AÀiÊv, KpZ¯nð apdn¡póXpt]msebpÅ thZ\, Pzcw, AXnkmcw FónhbpïmIpw. AXn\v AcnjvSw, ]mð, ko[paZyw apXembhbpw Zo]\{Inbbpw \ñXmIpóp. bm]\hkvXn XpSÀ¨bmbn sNbvXmð timjmZnIfpïmIpsaóXvsImïv XpSÀ¨bmbn sN¿msX bpàn]qÀÆw sNt¿ïXmWv.

Dss¨À`mjyþcYt£m`mZn F«vhn[ `mh§tfs¡mïpïmIpó hym]¯p¡fpw AhbpsS NnInÕbpw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw hnkvXcn¨p hnhcn¡s¸«p. Cu F«phn[ `mh§fnð\nóv a\pjysc Ft¸mgpw c£nt¡ïXmWv. ImcWw Dss¨À `mjymZnIfnð \nóv a\pjyÀ¡v tcmK`bw Ft¸mgpw DïmIpóXmWv.

ha\ hntcN\m Øm]\mZn IÀ½§fpsS sXämb {]tbmKwsImïpïmIpó hym]¯pIÄ¡v hn[n{]Imcw NnInÕ ]dª Øm\ambXpsImïv Cu Øm\¯n\v kn²nØm\w Fóv ]dbpóp.

C{]Imcw KZy]ZymßIamb 120þA²ymbs¯ Bt{Xb alÀjn hm¡mð D]tZin¡s¸«Xv temIlnXmÀ°w _p²nam\mb Aánthi\mð Dïm¡s¸«XmWv Cu kwlnX, B \qäncp]X²ymbw kam]n¨ncn¡póp. kq{XØm\w A²ymbwþ30, \nZm\Øm\w A²ymbwþ8, hnam\Øm\w A²ymbwþ8 imcocØm\w A²ymbwþ8 C{µnbØm\w A²ymbwþ12, NnInÕmØm\w A²ymbwþ30, Iev]Øm\w A²ymbwþ12, kn²nØm\w A²ymbwþ12 BsI 120þA²ymbw, Cu kwlnX hn[n{]Imcw ]Tn¡póh³ ZoÀLmbpÊv, biÊv, BtcmKyw [À½mÀ°Imatam£§Ä D¯aamb ^ekn²n Fónh A\p`hn¡póXmbncn¡pw.

Cu ]pcmW X{´s¯ CXnsâ kwkvIÀ¯mhv hnkvXcn¨Xns\ Npcp¡nbpw Npcp¡n¸dªXns\ hnkvXcn¨pw hoïpw DNnXambn \hoIcn¡s¸«ncn¡póp. D¯aamb Cu X{´s¯ kwkv¡cn¡s¸«Xv AXn_p²nam\mb NcI alÀjnbmIpóp. AXnð sNdnb `mKw AXmbXv NnInÕm Øm\¯nse 17þA²ymbhpw Iev]Øm\w 12þA²ymbhpw kn²nØm\w 11þA²ymbhpw IqSn 41þA²ymbw inh{]kmZ¯mð ]ô\Z]pc¯nð (hmcmWknbnð) P\n¨ ZrV_me³ Fó BNmcy\mð ]qÀ¯oIcn¡s¸SpIbmWpïmbXv. NnInÕmØm\¯nse 17þA²ymbhpw kn²n Øm\hpw Iev]Øm\hpw ZrV_emNmcy³ ]qcn¸n¨Xv aäv X{´§fnð sh¨v hntijs¸«Xpw al¯pw Bbncpóp.

Cu X{´w i_vZ\yq\Xbpw AÀ°\yq\Xbpw Cñm¯XmWv. CXnð X{´tZmj§fnñ. Cu X{´w hnNn{X§fmb 36þX{´bpànIfnð Ae¦cn¡s¸«XmIpóp.

X{´bpànIÄ 1þA[nIcWw, 2þtbmKw, 3þtlXzÀ°, 4þ]ZmÀ°w, 5þ{]tZiw, 6þDt±iw, 7þ\nÀt±iw, 8þhmIytijw, 9þ{]tbmP\w, 10þD]tZiw, 11þA]tZiw, 12þAXntZiw, 13þAÀ°m]¯n, 14þ\nÀ®bw, 15þ{]kwKw, 16þGIm´w, 17þAss\Im´w, 18þA]hÀ¤w, 19þhn]cybw, 20þ]qÀÆ]£w, 21þhn[m\w, 22þA\paXw, 23þhymJym\w, 24þkwibw, 25þAXoXmth£Ww, 26þA\mKXmth£Ww, 27þkzkwÚm, 28þDulw, 29þkap¨bw, 30þ\nZÀi\w, 31þ\nÀÆN\w, 32þkóntbmKw, 33þhnIev]\w, 34þ{]Xyp¨mcWw, 35þD²mcw, 36þkw`hw Ch X{´bpànIfmIpóp. Cu X{´bpànIfpsS e£W§Ä ]qÀ®ambpw hnhcn¡phm³ Ipd¨p {]bmkapïv. Fóncpómepw ChbpsS Aev]w Nne e£W§Ä hnhcn¡mw. A[nIcWw = baÀ°a[n IrXy DNytX XZ[nIcWw. AYhm A[nIcWw {]kvXmh: tbmKw = tb\hmIyw bpPytX k tbmK: tbmKm\ma tbmP\m hykvXm\mw ]Zm\mta IoIcWw, tlXzÀ°w = bZ\ypZpàa\ymÀ°km[Iw `hXn k tlXzÀ°: AYhm bZ\y{Xm`nlnXa\yt{Xm] ]ZytX. kp{itX kam\ "KpWm`ym`km ln [mXp\ma`n hr²n ImcWw' CXn. ]ZmÀ°w = tbmƒÀt°mƒ`nlnXx kqt{X ]tZ hm k ]ZmÀ°x, A]cnanXmÝ ]ZmÀ°mx, AYhm ]Zky ]mZtbm ]Zm\mw hm tbmƒÀ°: {]tZiw = {]tZtim\ma bð _lpXzmÀ°ky ImÀÕt\y \m`nLmXaiIy taItZ ti\m`n [obtb. AYhm {]IrXkymXn {Im´\ km[\w {]tZiw: \nÀt±iw = hnkvXtc hN\ \nÀt±iw. AYhm \nÀt±tim\ma b¨_vZamt{XW \nÀ±njvSm\mw kzcq] hntij {]ZÀi\mb ]p\x IoÀ¯\w, hmIyhntijw = tb\ ]mtZ\m\ptà\ hmIyw kam]ytX k hmIytijx. AYhm hmIytij\ma bñmLhmÀ°amNmtcyW hmtIyjp]ZaIrXw tbmKyam\Xbm ]qcytX. {]tbmP\w = bZÀ°w Imabam\; {]hÀ¯tX k {]tbmP\w D]tZiw = B]vXm\pimk\w. AYhm ip²kym]vX hN\ky IoÀ¯\w. A]tZiw = {]XnÚmXkykm [\tlXpc]tZi:, AXntZiw = {]IrXmð IÀ½tWmbkvamð Xð kamt\jp IÀ½kp [Àt½mƒXnZniiytXtb\ AXntZi: k DNytX. AÀ°m]¯n = bZIoÀ¯nX aÀ°mZm]ZytX kmƒÀ°m]¯n, AYhm btZIkvanóÀ°apNyamt\ A\pàkym]yÀ°ky _emZmKa\w kmÀ°m]¯n: \nÀ®bw = ]qÀÆ ]£tkym¯chN\w \nÀ®bw, {]kwKw = {]IcWm´tcW kam]\w {]kwK: bZv hm {]Imcm´cntXm tbmƒÀt°mƒkIrZpà: kam]ytX k {]kwK AYhm A{]mIcWnIkym]n hkvXp \x Inônð kw_tÔ\ bð IoÀ¯\w k ln {]kwK: GIm´w = kÀÆ{X bZh [mctWt\mNytX k GIm´: AYhm bð ]£m´cw hymhÀ¯Iw XtZIm´: ss\Im´w IzNnð XYm IzNnZ\ytYXn b tkm ss\Im´: AYhm bZpNyam\a]yhiyw `mhntX\m\nbXw k ss\Im´: A]hÀ¤w = A`nhym]ym]IÀjWa]hÀ¤w. AYhm kmIteyt\m±njvSsskyItZim]IÀjWa]hÀ¤. hn]cybw = bZv b{Xm`nlXw Xky {]mXntemtay\ hn]cybx. AYhm Dàkym\yYm `mthmhn]cybx, ]qÀÆ]£w = Bt£] ]qÀÆIx {]iv\x ]qÀÆ]£x AYhm ]qÀÆ]t£m\ma {]XnÚmXmÀ° kµqjIw hmIyw. hn[m\w = {]IcWm\p ]qÀÆym`nlnXw hn[m\w. AYhm X{´ky IÀ{Xm hninjvSmhm ]mZmZncN\mIrXmXZzn[m\w. A\paXw = ]caX {]Xnjn²a\paXw. AYhm ]c]£ky `nókym ]ywKoIcWabaXw hymJym\w = Xt{´ƒXnitbm] hÀ®\w hymJym\w. AYhm kwt£]tWmàkymÀ°ky hnkvXtcWmJymbw hymJym\w. kwibw = D`b tlXp ZÀi\w kwibx AYhm hncp²m\w ]£mWma\nÝbx. AXoXmth£Ww = b{XmXoXw ]Zath£y kw_ÔmÀYhm bð`njPm kz{]Úm\pàa]n hyhØm]ytX XZqlyw kap¨bw = CZw tNZw tNXn kap¨bx AYhm GIkvan³ hnlntX XZhntcmt[\ Xss{XhZznXybky hn[m\w kap¨bx. \nZÀi\w = ZrjvSm´hyànÀ \nZÀi\w. \nÀÆN\w = \nÝnXw hN\w \nÀÆN\w. AYhm \nÀhN\w \ncpàn. kóntbmKw = CZtah IÀ¯hyanXn \ntbmKx, AYhm \ntbmtKm \ma Ahiym\pjvtSbXbm hn[m\w. hnIev]w = CZw hm CZw tNXn hnIev]: AYhm ]m£nIm`n[m\w hnIð]: {]XypÕmcw = {]XypÕmtcm\ma D]]Xym ]caX \nhmcWw D²mc = D²mc\ma ]c]£ZqjWw IrXzm kz]t£m²cWw. AYhm D²mtcm\ma bÑmt{k tNmZyky kam[m\w. kw`hw = bZykvanóp]]ZytX k Xky kw`hx. AYhm Ina]y\y{XmZÀimð tb \ \nbta\ Øm]ytX k kw`hx. 36þX{´bpànIfpsS Npcp¡¯nepÅ e£Ww C{]ImcamIpóp.

Xmacsb hnIkn¸n¡póXnð kqcy\pw Krls¯ {]Imin¸n¡póXnð hnf¡pw F{]ImcamtWm A{]ImcamWv X{´bpànIÄ imkv{X§sf hnIkn¸n¡pIbpw {]Imin¸n¡pIbpw sN¿póXv.

GsXmcph\v Cu Hcp imkv{X¯nð thïXpt]msebpÅ Adnhv Ft¸mgpw DïmIpópthm Ah³ aäv imkv{Xhpw AXnsâ bpànsb Adnªn«v £W¯nð a\Ênem¡póXmbncn¡pw.

imkv{X§Ä Adnbpóh\mbmðt]mepw X{´bpàIÄ Adnbm¯h³ imkv{X§sf {Kln¡phm³ {]m]vX\mIpóXñ. AXv F{]Imcsaómð `mKy£b¯nð [\w CñmXmIpóXpt]mse.

thïXpt]mse a\Ênem¡phm³ Ignbm¯ imkv{Xw _p²nbnñm¯hs\ imkv{Xsaót]mse \in¸n¡pIXsó sN¿pw. thïXpt]mse ]Tn¨ imkv{Xw _p²nams\ imkv{Xsaót]mse c£n¡pI Xsó sN¿pw.

AXpsImïv Cu X{´¯nsâ KpWtZmj§fpsS XXzÚm\s¯ Adnbphm\mbn X{´bpànIsf D¯cX{´¯nð hoïpw hnkvXcn¨p ]dbpóXmbncn¡pw. CXv Hcp {]£n]vX tÇmIamsWóv tXmópópïv, ImcWw NcIkwlnXbnð A§ns\ Hcp D¯cX{´w DÅXmbn FhntSbpw ]dªpImWpónñ. Fómð NnInÕmØm\¯nse 17þA²ymbhpw Ið]Øm\hpw kn²nØm\hpw {]XnkwkvIcn¨ ZrV_emNmcy³ X{´bpànIfpsS e£W§sf hnkvXcn¨n«pÅ Hcp D¯cX{´w FgpXnbn«ptïm Fóv kwibnt¡ïnbncn¡póp. AXv NnInÕm {]m[m\yañm¯XvsImïv Cu NcIkwlnXbpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯mXncpóXpw A§ns\ AdnbmsXt]mbXpw Bbncn¡msaóv hnizkn¡mhpóXmWv.

GsXmcph³ Cu BbpÀtÆZimkv{Xs¯ apgph\pambn ]Tn¨n«v \ñXpt]mse AÀ°s¯ a\Ênem¡n hniIe\wsNbvXv Ft¸mgpw NnInÕ sN¿pópthm Ah³ a\pjyÀ¡v kpJPohnXs¯ {]Zm\w sN¿póh\mbpw hÀ²n¨ ss[cyhpw [mcmWm iànbpw _p²nbpw [À½hpw DÅh\mbpw Ccn¡pw.

GsXmcph\v 12000þtÇmI§fpÅ Cu kwlnX lrZnØamtWm Ah³ AÀ°Ú\pw Nn´I\pw kaÀ°\mb sshZy\pw Bbncn¡pw. {KÙImc³ I¿pbÀ¯ns¡mïv C{]Imcw hnfn¨p ]dbpóp. Fs´ómð Rm³ ]dª hm¡pIsfmópw kzoImcyasñ¦nð Ah³ Cu {KÙ¯nð \nóv CXnsâ AÀ°t¯bpw NnInðktbbpw F´n\pthïnbpw a\Ênemt¡ïXnñ.

Añtbm Aánthi! kzØtâbpw tcmKnbptSbpw \ò¡mbn AXmXv Zn¡nð ]dª NnInðk ChnsS GsXmómtWm ]dªncn¡póXv AXv Xsóbmbncn¡pw aäv Zn¡nepw AXmbXv aäv kwlnXIfnepw ]dªncn¡póXv. ChnsS GsXmcp NnInðk ]dbmXncpópthm AXv FhntSbpw ]dªp ImWpóXpañ. Cu Ahkm\w ]dª aqóv tÇmIw {]£n]vXamsWóv tXmópópïv.