A²ymbw þ 8

PmXnkq{Xobw imcocw

B ]dªXv icnbsñóv Bt{Xb `Khm³ ]dªp. KÀ`nWn ZmcpWamb hymbma§sfñmw Ft¸mgpw hÀÖnt¡ïXmsWóp]tZin¡Ww. {]khaSp¯mð hntijn¨pw. ImcWw, B kab¯v kuIpamcyapÅXmb kv{XobpsS Fñm [mXp¡fpw tZmj§fpw Øm\¯nð \nónfInbncn¡pw. Cu Ahkc¯nð De¡sImïv [m\yw Ip¯pó hymbmaw sNbvXmð ehmbp hÀ²n¨p {]mWlm\n hcp¯phm\nSbmIpw. hntijn¨v {]khkab¯v KÀ`nWn¡pÅ NnInðk hfsc ITn\hpamIpóp. AXpsImïv [m\yw De¡sImïv Ip¯pó hymbmaw KÀ`nWn sN¿m³ ]mSnsñóv EjnamÀ ]dbpóp. Fómð tIm«phmbnSpóXpt]msebpw \S¯hpw sN¿mhpóXmIpóp. 

{]khaSp¯ kv{Xo¡v sIm«w, Ge¯cn, tat¯món¡ng§v, hb¼v, sImSpthcn¡ng§v, BhnðsXmen ChbpsS NqÀ®w aW¸n¡m³ sImSp¡Ww, CXv IqS¡qS aW¸n¡pIbpw thWw. AXpt]mseXsó `qÀÖ]{Xw I¯n¨ ]pItbm CcpÄ¡mXð I¯n¨ ]pItbm aW¸n¡pIbpw sN¿mw. CSbv¡nSbv¡v Acs¡«v, ]mÀiz`mKw, ]pdw, XpS Fóo Øm\§fnð Aev]w NqSpÅ ssXew ]pc«n kmh[m\¯nð XShWw. C{]ImcapÅ {]hÀ¯n sImïv KÀ_w Xmtgm«nd§nhcpóXmbncn¡pw.

KÀ`w lrZb`mK¯p\nóv hn«p Xmtgm«nd§n hkvXn incÊnð (aq{Xmib¯nsâ D]cn`mKX¯v) NnSn¨p\nð¡pIbpw thZ\ ITn\ambpïmIpIbpw sN¿póXmbn¡ïmð {]khw DSs\ DïmIpsaóv sshZy³ a\Ênem¡Ww. B AhØbnð Ahsf I«nenð InS¯nbn«v iànbmbn ap¡m³ ]dbWw.

{]kh kabw ASp¯phcpt¼mÄ A\pIqeamb Hcp ""£nXnÀÖew'' Fóv XpS§pó a{´w AhfpsS sNhnbnð a{´n¨p sImSp¡Ww.

{]khkabw ASp¯phcpt¼mÄ KÀ`w DZc¯nð\nóv Xmtgm«nd§póXmbncn¡pw. At¸mÄ AXnsâ `mcw hkvXnincÊnemWpïmIpI. B kabw aq{Xw IqsS¡qsS t]mIpóXmbncn¡pw. At¸mÄ thZ\ ITn\ambpïmhpIbpw sN¿pw. Cu thZ\ KÀ`mib¯nsâ BIpô\w sImïpïmIpóXmWv. Cu {]kh thZ\¡v ""Bhn'' Fóv ]dbpóp. {]khkab¯v cïv hn[¯nepÅ iàn {]hÀ¯n¡pópïv. AXnð Hóv apJyhpw Hóv KuWhpw BIpóp. KÀ`mib¯nse amwkt]inIfpsS Imcyiàn¡v apJy iàn Fópw DZcamwkt]inIfpsS iàn¡v KuWiàn Fópw ]dbpóp. Cu apJyhpw KuWhpamb iànthtijwsImïv amwkt]minIfnð XcwK§Ä DïmIpIhgnbmWv KÀ`w Xmtgm«nd§póXv. A§ns\ KÀ`w Xmtgm«nd§nhcpt¼mÄ KÀ`mib¯n\v BIpô\hpw k¦pNnXhpw BbX\phpw aäpw DïmIpt¼mgmWv thZ\ DïmIpóXv. CXv {]kh¯nsâ BZymhØbnse ØnXnbmWv. cïmas¯ AhØbnð KÀ`w ]pdt¯¡v hcm³ XpS§póXmbncn¡pw. At¸mÄ KÀ` \nÀ¤aamÀ¤¯nemWv ITn\thZ\bpïmIpI. thZ\bpsS B[nIyhpw Aev]Xbpw DïmIpóXv hyànIsf A]2£n¨mbncn¡pw. NneÀ¡v thZ\ hfsc Ipdhmbpw NneÀ¡v hfsc IqSpXembpw IïphcpóXmbncn¡pw. 

{]khw ASp¯Sp¯phcpótXmSpIqSn thZ\ IqSn¡qSn hcnIbpw IqsS¡qsS DïmhpIbpw sN¿pw. BZyamZyw thZ\ 30þsk¡âv hsc DïmIpIbpw 10 Hm 15þHm an\n«v CShn«pïmIpIbpw sN¿pw. Fómð {]khw Gähpw ASp¯ kab¯v 60þHm 90þHm sk¡âv thZ\ \nð¡pIbpw ctïm aqtóm an\n«v CShn«pïmIpIbpw sN¿pw. Cu {Ia¯nð thZ\bpïmbn«v ]nóoSv thZ\¡v Xmakw t\cnSpIbpw aäpw sN¿pIbmsW¦nð AXv KÀ`nWn¡v IjvSs¯ Dïm¡póXmbncn¡pw. 

{]khthZ\ XpS§nbmð ap³]dª KpW§tfmSpIqSnb kv{XoIÄ Npäpw IqSnbncpóp Ahsf Bizkn¸n¡pIbpw AhÄ¡v \nÀt±iw sImSp¡pIbpw thWw. {]khthZ\ Cñm¯ Ahkc¯nð ap¡cpXv, thZ\ Cñm¯t¸mÄ ap¡póXv shdpsX Bbncn¡pw. thZ\ CñmsX ap¡nbmð k´m\¯n\v hnIrXn kw`hn¡pItbm izmkþImkþtim^þ¹olmtcmKmZnIfpïmIpItbm sN¿pw. F{]Imcsaómð Xp½ð, G¼¡w, At[mhmbp, aq{Xw, aew FónhbpsS thK§Ä {]hÀ¯\amImsX {]hÀ¯n¸n¡m³ {ian¨mð DïmIpóXñ. AYhm A§ns\bpïmIpIbmsW¦nð AXv hfsc IjvSambncn¡pIbpw sN¿pw. AXpt]mse {]khthZ\ DïmImsX ap¡nbmð {]khw DïmIpóXñ. thZ\ DïmIpt¼mÄ ap¡mXncpómð {]hÀ¯am\amb £hYzmZn thK§sf XSp¯mseót]mse A]ISambncn¡pIbps# sN¿pw. AXpsImïv AhtfmSv \nÀt±in¡póXnó\pkcn¨p {]hÀ¯n¡m³ ]dbWw. BZyw sasñ sasñ ap¡Ww. A§ns\ Npäpw IqSnbncpó kv{XoIÄ ""{]khn¡póp {]khn¡póp tbmKyamb BIpªns\ {]khn¡póp'' Fóv ]dªpsImïncn¡Ww. A{]Imcw sNbvXmð AhfpsS {]mW³ kt´mjwsImïv kwXr]vXamIpw.

{]khn¨p Ignªmð ]cnNmcnIamÀ Hcp Imcyw {i²nt¡ïXpïv. A]cm (Placenta)]pd¯v htóm Cñtbm Fópw A]c ]pd¯v hónsñ¦nð ]cnNmcnIamcnð GsX¦nepw Hcp kv{Xo hes¯ ssIsImïv {]khn¨ kv{XobpsS \m`n¡p apIfnepw CSs¯ I¿vsImïv ]pd¯pw ]nSn¨p \ñh®w AaÀ¯Ww.

C{]Imcw AaÀ¯pt¼mÄ KÀ`mib¯nsâ ]mÀiz`mKw ]nSn¨pt]mImXncn¡m³ {]tXyIw {i²n¡Ww. ImcWw Unw_{KÙnbnð ]nSn¨aÀ¯nt¸mbmð henb BLmX¯n\nSbmIpw. Cu A]mc]mX\{Inb¡v Dublin Method Asñ¦nð Crede's Method Fóv ]dbpóp.

C{]Imcw sNbvXn«v A]c ]pd¯v hónsñ¦nð AhfpsS Imensâ aS¼v N´nbnð tNÀ¯ph¨p AaÀ¯n ]nSn¡Ww. N´nbnð _eambn ]nSn¡pIbpw thWw. AXn\ptijw AhfpsS XeapSnsImïv sXmïbnepw A®m¡nepw kv]Àin¡Ww. C{]Imcw sNbvXmð KÀ`mib¯n\v BIpô\apïmIpIbpw XZzmcm A]c ]pdt¯¡v hcnIbpw sN¿pw.

`qÀÖ]m{Xw, Ip¸n¡jvWw, ]m¼nsâ D¸nfn Ch Xo¡\enen«v ]pI¨ ]pI tbm\nbnð Gev]n¡Ww. sIm«hpw Xmeok]{Xhpw Ac¨p _ezP (Hcp XrWhntijw) bqj¯ntem ssatcbaZy¯ntem kpcmaWvU¯ntem apXncbpsS Xo£vWamb bqj¯ntem aWvUqI]À®nbpw ]n¸enbpw thhns¨Sp¯ shůntem Ie¡n Ahsf IpSn¸n¡Ww. AXpt]mseXsó Ge¯cn, tZhXmcw, sIm«w, Np¡v, hngmecn, ImcInð, Im«papfIv, Xn¸en, sImSpthcn¡ng§v, IcnôocIw Ch Ac¨tXm Poh\pÅ IgpXbptStbm ImfbptStbm sNhn apdns¨Sp¯c¨tXm _ezPbqjmZnIfnð GsX¦nepw Hóntem Ie¡n Ipd¨p kabw h¨ncpóp B shÅtam IpSn¡m³ sImSp¡Ww. NXpIp¸w, sIm«w ae¦mcbv¡, Imbw Ch tNÀ¯pIm¨nb ssXewsImïv \\¨ XpWn (]nNp) tbm\nbnð [cn¡Ww Cu ssXewsImïv Xsó kvt\lhkvXn sN¿Ww. ap³]dª _ezPbqjmZnIfnð ae¦mcbv¡pw tZhXmfn, Ibv]¨qcw, IpSemSn, ]p«ð]ocw, A¯n¯n¸en Ch Ac¨ptNÀ¯p IjmbhkvXn sN¿Ww. Cu {]tbmKamIs« hmbpsh A\ptemaam¡pIbpw At[mhmXþaq{Xþae§sf ]pdt¯¡v IfbpIbpw sN¿pw. AtXmSpIqSn A]cbpw ]pdt¯¡v t]mIpóXmbncn¡pw. adn¨v A]c XSbs¸«pt]mbmð hmXþaq{Xþae§fpw XSbs¸SpóXmbncn¡pw. AXmbXv A]c XSªpt]mbmð hmXþaq{Xþae§fpw XSbs¸SpóXmbncn¡pw. AXmbXv A]c XSªpt]mbmð hmXþaq{Xþae§Ä¡pw XSÊapïmIpw. At¸mÄ hkvXn sNbvXmð hmXþaq{Xþae§Ä ]pdt¯¡v t]mIpIbpw AtXmSpIqSn A]c ]pdt¯¡v t]mIpIbpw sN¿pw.

{]khn¨ kv{XobpsS A]cm ]X\¯n\mbn {]hÀ¯n¡pt¼mÄ Xsó P\n¨ Ip«n¡w Nne IÀ½§Ä sNt¿ïXmbpïv. AXv F{]Imcsaómð Ip«nbpsS sNhn¡Sp¯nh¨p cïv IñpIÄ X½nð ap«n i_vZapïm¡Ww. NqSv shÅwsImtïm XWp¯ shÅw sImtïm apJw \\bv¡Ww. A{]Imcw sNbvXmð In«n¡v {]khkab¯pïmb t¢iw ian¡pIbpw izmtkmÑzmkw sN¿m³ XpS§pIbpw sN¿pw. izmtkmÑzmkhpw Ne\hpw CñmXncn¡pIbpw Ip«n IcbmXncn¡pIbpw sN¿pIbmsW¦nð Idp¯ Iñv t]msebpÅ apdwsImïv hoiWw. izmtkmÑzmkw \ne¨pImWnIbmsW¦nð AXv Dïm¡phm³ Fs´ñmw sN¿m³ Ignbptam AsXñmw s]s«óvXsó sN¿Ww. (hmbnð I^w \ndªn«psïóp Iïmð XpWnsImïv XpS¨pIfbpItbm dºÀ Syq_v IS¯n FSp¯pIfbpItbm asäm sN¿Ww. Ip«nsb Xe Iogmbn ]nSn¡pIbpw ]pd¯v XtemSpIbpw aäpw sN¿póXpw izmtkmÑzmkw hoïp In«phm³ \ñXmWv).

Ip«n¡v {]mW³ hoïpIn«pIbpw izmtkmÑzmkw t\scbmIpIbpw IcbpIbpw aäpw sNbvsXóp Iïmð Ip«nsb Ipfn¸n¡pIbpw aeamÀ¤§sfñmw ip²nbm¡pIbpw thWw. AXn\ptijw Ip«nbpsS A®m¡v, Npïv, IWvTw, \mhv Ch \Jw apdn¨p hr¯nbm¡nb hncðsImïv hr¯nbm¡Ww. C{]Imcw sN¿pt¼mÄ hncenð XpWntbm ]cp¯ntbm NpäpIbpw thWw. Ip«nbpsS hmb hr¯nbm¡nbXn\ptijw BZyw F® \\¨ ]cp¯n (]nNp) aqÀ²mhnð CSWw. AXn\ptijw C´p¸v tNÀ¯ s\¿v sImSp¯p Ip«nsb OÀ±n¸n¡Ww. (OÀ±n¸n¡póXv Bamib¯nepw ^p^pk¯nepw a{dpw DÅ I^w OÀ±n¨p t]mIphm\mWv.)

C\n \mUo (s]m¡nÄs¡mSn) tOZ\ hn[n ]dbmw. \m`o_Ô\¯nð \nóv F«wKpew hn«n«v \mUotOZ\w sN¿Ww. Cu tOZ\Øm\¯nsâ cïv hi¯pw kmh[m\¯nð ]nSn¨n«v kzÀ®wsImtïm shÅnsImtïm Ccp¼psImtïm Dïm¡nb \ñ aqÀ¨bpÅ I¯nsImïv bYmØm\¯p h¨p apdn¡Ww. apdn¡póXn\pap¼mbn s]m¡nÄs¡mSnbnð NcSvsImïv sI«Ww. B NcSnsâ Aäw Ip«nbpsS Igp¯nð Ab¨psI«pIbpw thWw. s]m¡nÄs¡mSn apdn¨n«v s]m¡nfnð ]gp¸pïmIpIbmsW¦nð ]mt¨mäns¯men, Cc«n a[pcw, Rmhð¸qhv, tZhXmcw, aªÄ Chbn«p Im¨nb ssXew ]pc«Ww. Cu ]dª tem{²mZn Huj[§Ä s]mSn¨s]mSn {hW¯nð CSpIbpw sN¿mw. Cu \mUotOZ\coXn hn[n{]Imcw thïXpt]mse ]dbs¸«p. 

\mUotOZ\w hn[n{]ImcañmsX sNbvXmð s]m¡nÄs¡mSn Bbmaw, (\ofw), hymbmaw (hnkvXmcw), D¯pWvUnXw (XSn¨pbÀóphepXmIpI), ]nWvUnenX (tKmfmIrXnbnð ITn\w), hn\manIm (Npäpw XSn¨pw a²yw Ipgnªpw), hnPrw`nIm (hnIkn¨psImïncn¡pI), Fóo hn[¯nembn¯ocptam Fóv `bs¸tSïnbncn¡póp. Cu ]dª hn[¯ntesX¦nepw DïmhpIbmsW¦nð AXnsâ KpcpemLhs¯ a\Ênem¡nbn«v AXmXn\\pkcn¨ hn[¯nð hnZmls¯ Dïm¡m¯Xpw hmX ]n¯ ia\hpamb s\¿vsImïv A`ywKw, DÕmZ\w, ]cntjN\w Fónh sN¿Ww.

s]m¡nÄs¡mSn apdn¨Xn\ptijw Ip«n¡v PmXIÀ½w sN¿Ww. AsX{]Imcsaómð þ imkv{X¯nð ]dªXp{]Imcw tX\pw s\¿pw tNÀ¯p a{´n¨p BZyambn Ip«n¡v sImSp¡Ww. (tX\pw s\¿pw kaambn tNÀ¡cpXv kaambn tNÀ¯mð hnj{]`mhapïmIpw). tX\pw s\¿pw tImSp¯Xn\ptijw AtX hn[n{]Imcw a{´w P]n¨pXsImïpwXsó ape¸mð IpSn¡phm\mbn BZyw hes¯ ape Ip«nbpsS hmbnð h¨psImSp¡Ww. AXp\ptijw a{´w sImïv ip²am¡nb PeIpw`w Ip«nbpsS hmbnð h¨psImSp¡Ww. AXn\ptijw a{´w sImïv ip²am¡nb PeIpw`w Ip«nbpsS hmbnð h¨psImSp¡Ww. AXn\ptijw a{´wsImïv ip²am¡nb PeIpw`w Ip«nbpsS incÊnsâ `mK¯n hbv¡Ww.

{]khn¨mð BZys¯ Znhkw apebnð ]mð DïmIpóXñ. aqómas¯ Zmhktam \memas¯ Znhktam am{Xsa ]mð DïmIpIbpÅq. AXphsc tX\pw s\¿pw tNÀt¯m Im¨n¯Wp¯ shÅtam B«n³ ]mtem asäm sImSp¡Ww. CXns\ kw_Ôn¨v kp{ipX¯nð hnhcn¨ncn¡póXn{]ImcamWv. ""[a\o\mw lrZnØm\w hnhrXXzmZ\´cw NXpcm{Xmð {Xncm{XmZzm kv{XoWmw kvX\yw {]hÀ¯tX. Xkvamð {]YtaƒÓn a[pkÀ¸nc\´m kn²w a{´w ]qXw {XnImew ]mbtbð. ZznXotb e£vaWmkn²w kÀ¸nx XrXotb N. XXx {]mMv\nhmcnXkvX\yw a[pkÀ¸nx kz]mWnXe k½nXw ZznImew ]mbtbð'' CXn.

A`na{´nt¡ïXmb a{´hpw kp{ipX¯nð ]dªncn¡póXn{]ImcamWv. ""NXzmcx kmKcmkvXp`yw kvX\tbmx £ochmlnWx `h´p ip`tK\nXyw _meky _ehr²tb ]tbmƒarX ckw ]oXzmIpamckvtX ip`m\t\ ZoÀLambpchm]vt\mXp tZhmx {]iymarXwbYm'' CXn.

AXn\ptijw c£mhn\m\w sN¿Ww. Fcn¡v, Icn§men, e´, ]oep, Nnäo´ð ChbpsS imJIÄ kqXnImKmc¯nð apgph³ ISpIv, AXkn¡pcp, Acn Ch hnXdnbnSWw. Ip«n¡v t]cv hnfn \S¯póXphsc \nXyhpw cmhntebpw sshIptóchpw XWvUpe_enbpw awKftlmahpw sN¿Ww. kqXnImKmc¯nð IS¡pó hmXnð¸Sn¡v kao]w Hcp De¡ hne§¯nð sh¡Ww. hb¼v, sIm«w, AShn¡¨qcw, Imbw, ISpIv, AXkn¡pcp shÅpÅn Chbpw aäv ct£mL\uj[§fpw Hcp XpWnbnð sI«n kqXnImKmc¯nsâ hSs¡ hmXnð¸Sn¡p apIfnð sI«n¯q¡nbnSWw. CXpt]mse Xsó A½bptSbpw Ip«nbptSbpw Igp¯nepw sI«n¯q¡nbnSWw. C{]Imcw hNmZn ct£mLv\uj[§fpsS Ingn kqXnImKmc¯nep]tbmKn¡pó ]m{X§fnepw PeIpw`¯nepw I«nenepw sh¡Ww. CXpt]mseXsó kqXnImKmc¯nsâ DÅnð {]thin¡pó hmXnð¸SnbpsS cïphi¯pambn IWIm¾w (IWIWvUIw CXn AjvSmwK kw{Ktl) ]\n¨p FónhbpsS hndIn«p kqXnImKmc¯nsâ DÅnð Xo I¯n¨psImïncn¡Ww. ap³]dª KpW§fpÅXmb kv{XoIfpw an{X§fpw Ip«nbptSbpw A½bptSbpw c£¡mbn ]t¯m ]{´tïm Znhkw hsc Ft¸mgpw kqXnImKmc¯nð Dïmbncn¡Ww. Cu ]t¯m ]{´tïm Znhkw kqXnImKmc¯nð kvtXm{Xw, ]m«v, hmZyw apXembhbpw \ñ Aó]m\mZnIfpw kvt\lapÅXpw kt´mjapÅXpamb P\§fpw Dïmbncn¡Ww. Ip«nbptSbpw kqXnIbptSbpw \ò¡mbn AYÀÆthZadnbpó {_mÒW³ Fñm Znhkhpw cmhntebpw sshIptóchpw im´ntlmaw sN¿Ww. C{]Imcw c£mhn[m\w ]dbs¸«p.

kqXnI¡v hni¸pïmbn¯pS§nbmð AhfpsS kmßys¯ Nn´n¨n«v s\¿,v ssXew, hkaÖ ChbntesX¦nepw Hónð Xn¸en, Im«pXn¸enthcv, Im«papfIn³thcv, sImSpthcn¡ng§v, Np¡v ChbpsS NqÀ®w tNÀ¯p ]qÀ®am{Xbnð sImSp¡Ww. kvt\l]m\w sNbvXXn\ptijw AhfpsS hbdnð s\¿pw F®bpw tX¨v Hcp henb hkv{Xw sImïv hbdnð Npäns¡«Ww. hbcnð C{]Imcw sI«nbmð hmbp \ndbphm\pÅ kuIcyw CñmbvIbmð hmbp hbcnð hnImcs¯ Dïm¡póXñ. ]n¸eymZn Huj[§Ä tNÀ¯psImSp¯ kvt\l{Zhyw \ñh®w Zln¨mð ]n¸eymZn Huj[§Ä Xsó tNÀ¯psh¨ Iªn \ñh®w kvt\l{Zhyw tNÀ¯p {Zh{]mb¯nð DNnXamb am{Xbnð sImSp¡Ww. kvt\lhpw Iªnbpw D]tbmKn¡póXn\pap¼mbn cïv t\chpw \ñ NqSpÅ shÅwsImïv Imepw apJhpw aäpw IgpIn hr¯nbm¡Ww. C{]Imcw Atôm Gtgm Znhkw hsc ioen¨Xn\ptijw icoc]pjvSnbpw _ehpw hÀ²n¸n¡póXmb Blmcuj[mZnIÄ ioen¡Ww. kqXnbpsS kzØhr¯n C{]ImcamIpóp.

KÀ`w KÀ`mib¯nð hfcpI\nan¯w icoc[mXp¡Ä¡v £oWhpw inYneXbpw DïmIpóXpsImïpw ap¡ð, {]kh thZ\, icoct¢Zw, cà{kmhw, Ch \nan¯w icociq\yX DïmIpóXpsImïpw kqXnI¡v Fs´¦nepw tcmKapïmbmð AXv Ir{Ñkm²yamtbm Akm²yamtbm XocpóXmWv. AXpsImïv kqXnIsb ap³]dª hn[n{]Imcw {i²tbmSpIqSn D]Ncn¡Ww. hntijn¨v `uXnIw (`qXlmcw), Poh\obw, _rwlWobw. a[pcw, hmXlcw Fóo Huj[§Ä D]tbmKn¨pÅ A`ywKw, DÕmZ\w, ]cntjIw, AhKml\w, Aó]m\w Fónh ioen¡Ww. ImcWw hntijn¨pw {]khn¨ kv{XoIfpsS icocw iq\yambncn¡pw.

`uXnIw = `qXlcw = Antiseptic

{]khn¨p ]¯v cm{Xn Ignªp ]Xns\mómas¯ Znhkw A½bpw Ip«nbpw kÀÆKÔuj[§Ä (GemZn KWuj[§Ä AYhm NmXpÀÖmXI IÀ¸qcmZyuj[§Ä) shÅ¡SpIv Ch tNÀ¯p NqSm¡nb shÅw sImïv Ipfn¡Ww. kv\m\m\´cw A½bpw Ip«nbpw t\cnbXpw Iodm¯Xpw hr¯nbpÅXpamb hkv{Xw [cn¨pw ]hn{XþCjvSþeLpþhnNn{X `qjWaWnªpw awKfIcambXns\ kv]Àin¨pw CjvStZhXsb ]qPn¨pw (AYhm Ip«nbpsS \£{XtZhXsb ]qPn¨pw) IpSpa sI«n sh¨Xpw shfp¯ hkv{Xw [cn¨Xpw AwKsshIeyanñm¯Xpamb {_mÒW\nð \nóv A\p{Klw hm§nbpw Ip«nbpsS Xe Ingt¡m hSt¡m h¨p InS¯nbn«v Iodm¯ hr¯nbpÅ hkv{Xw ]pX¸n¨pw Ccn¡Ww. BZyw \£{XtZhXtbbpw ]nóoSv {_mÒWtcbpw \akvIcn¡póp Fóv Ip«nbpsS ]nXmhv ]dªn«v \£{X¯nó\pkcn¨pw amXm]nXm¡òmcpsS CjvS¯n\\pkcn¨pambn Ip«n¡v cïp t]cv hnfn¡Ww. AXnð amXm]nXm¡òmcpsS CjvS¯nó\pkcn¨v hnfn¡pó t]cnsâ BZy£cw tLmjw (LþQþVþ[þ`) Fóv XpS§póXpw Ahkm\s¯ A£cw Dujvamhv (iþjþkþl) Bbncn¡pIbpw B£cw hr²nclnXw (sFþHu) AñmXncn¡pIbpw thWw. ChnsS ""hr²]ucpjm\qIw'' Fsómcp ]mTt`Zw Dïv. A§ns\bmIpt¼mÄ ]nXmhv, ]nXmalòmÀ, {]]nXmalòmÀ FónhcpsS t]cnt\mS\p_Ôn¡pó t]cv hnfnt¡ïXmWv. t]cv A{]kn²ambncn¡pIbpw sN¿cpXv. \£{X¯nó\pkcn¨p hnfn¡pó t]cmIs« \£{XtZhXbv¡v Xpeyambncn¡pIbpw ctïm \mtem A£capÅXmbncn¡pIbpw thWw.

tPymXnÈmkv{Xhn[n{]Imcw \£{X¯nó\pkcn¨v t]À hnfnt¡ïXmb {Iaw

Cu hnhcn¨ A£c{Ia§Ä taSw apXemb ]{´ïv cminIfptSXmbn {Kln¨p Pòa£{Xw sImïv Iqdv \nÀ®bn¨p Iqdn\p tbmPn¡pó A£c{Ia¯nð t]À hnfnt¡ïXmWv.

t]À hnfn¡pt¼mÄ Pò¡qdnsâ 1þ3þ5þ7þ9þ11 Fóo cminIfnepÅ A£cw BZym£cam¡n t]À hnfn¡Ww. Pò¡qdnsâ 2þ4þ6þ8þ10þ12 Fóo cminIfnse A£cw BZy£cam¡n t]À hnfn¡phm³ \ñXñ. km[mcW\nebnð tPymXnÈmk{Xhn[n{]Imcw t]À hnfn¡póXn{]ImcamWv.

t]cvhnfn IgnªXn\ptijw BbpÊv F{X Dsïódnbphm³ Ip«nsb ]co£n¡Ww. ZoÀLmbpÊpÅ Ip«nIÄ¡v C\n ]dbpóp e£W§fpïmIpw. XeapSn Hmtcmómbn apf¨phópw arZphmbpw Aev]ambpw kv\nKv²ambpw ZrVaqeambpw Idp¯pw {]ikvXambncn¡pw. Xuen Ønchpw Øqehpambncn¡pw incÊv BIrXnbnepw {]IrXnbnepw D¯aambpw icoc¯nó\pkcn¨pw IqSpXð hepXpw hfsc sNdpXpw AñmsX IpSbpsS BIrXnbnepancn¡pw. s\än¯Sw \oïpw ZrVambpw kaambpw iwJkÔn kpZrVambpw kpµcambpw s\änbnð AÀ²N{µmIrXnbnepÅ XSn¨ henItfmSpIqSnbpancn¡pw. sNhn cïpw XSn¨pw hnkvXmcapÅXpw kaambpw Xmtgm«v hÀ²n¨pw ]rjvS`mK¯v Ipgnªpw ]pd¯v Zzmcw IqSnt¨Àópw DÅnð \ñ ZzmcapÅXmbpw Ccn¡Ww. {`q{]tZiw \ofw IqSpItbm IpdbpItbm sN¿msXbpw a²yw IqSpXð HgnbmsXbpw kaambpw CSXn§nb tcmat¯mSpIqSnbpw XSn¨pbÀópw Ccn¡Ww. I®pIÄ IqSpXð hepXpw IqSpXð sNdpXpw AñmsXbpw AYhm Hóv sNdpXpw Hóv hepXpw AñmsX kaambpw ip¢IrjvWmZn `mK§Ä hyàambpw ZÀi\_eapÅXmbpw tXPÊpÅXmbpw hÀ¯mZn AwtKm]mwK§Ä kpµcambp Ccn¡Ww. aq¡v t\scbmbpw ZoÀLizmkw Ign¡póXmbpw DbÀópw A{K`mKw Aev]w Xmgvópw Ccn¡Ww. hmb H¯ hen¸¯nepw t\scbmbpw \ñ Z´Øm\t¯mSpIqSnbpancn¡Ww. \mhv \ofhpw hoXnbpw an\pkhpw DÅXpw h®w IpdªXpw {]IrXym DÅ BIrXnbpw hÀ®hpw DÅXpw Bbncn¡Ww. A®m¡v an\pkapÅXpw XSn¨Xpw NqSpÅXpw Nph¸p\ndapÅXpambncn¡Ww. kzcw _rl¯pw Zo\XmclnXhpw AIÀ¡ihpw {]Xn[z\ntbmSpIqSnbXpw Kmw`ocyapÅXpw [ochpambncn¡Ww. A[tcmjvT§Ä IqSpXð XSn¨Xpw t\cnbXpw AñmsXbpw hmbsb ]qÀ®ambn adbv¡póXpw càhÀ®hpw Bbncn¡Ww. Xmbnsbñv XSn¨Xmbncn¡Ww. s\ôv hnkvXmcapÅXpw amwkfhpambncn¡Ww. P{Xp (IWvtTmctkmx k²nx) \s«ñv ]pd¯v ImWm¯v hn[¯nembncn¡Ww. cïv kvX\¯ntâbpw a²y¯nepÅ A´cw anXamb Afhnembncn¡Ww. cïv ]mÀiz`mKw Awk¯nð \nóv Xmtgm«v Npcp§n¨pcp§n hcnIbpw Dd¸pÅXmbpw Ccn¡Ww. I¿nsâ aknevUknsâ `mKhpw Imensâ XpSbpw hncepIfpw hr¯mIrXnbnepw \ñ \ofapÅXpw Bbncn¡Ww. Imepw I¿pw \ofapÅXpw amwkfhpambncn¡Ww. \Jw Dd¸pÅXpw tKmfmIrXnbmbpw kv\nKv²ambpw Nphópw DbÀópw Ba¸pdwt]msebpancn¡Ww. \m`n het¯m«v NpgnbpÅXmbpw DbÀópw Ccn¡Ww. IpSo{]tZiw s\ônsâ Afhn³ aqónsemcp`mKw Ipdªpw kaambpw amwkfambpw Ccn¡Ww. Bk\w (N´n) hr¯mIrXnbpw Dd¸pw amwkw \ndªpw A[nIw DbÀópw A[nIw Xmgvópw AñmsXbpancn¡Ww. Imensâ XpS Dcpïpw Xmtgm«v h®w Ipdªpw amwkfhpambncn¡Ww. IW¦mð IqSpXð XSn¨pw IqSpXð saenªpw AñmsXbpw am\nsâ Imð t]msebpw kncmØn kÔnIÄ sXfnªpImWmsXbpancn¡Ww. ]pdwImð A[nIw XSn¨pw A[nIw saenªpw AñmsXbp\ncn¡Ww. ImepIÄ ap³]dª KpWt¯mSpIqSn BabpsS BIrXnbnembncn¡Ww. At[mhmbp, aq{Xw, aew Dd¡w, Dd¡apWcð, icocw sImïpÅ Bbmkw, Nncn, Ic¨ð ape IpSn¡ð s#ónhsbñmw km[mcW {]IrX¯nembncn¡Ww. ChnsS ]dbm¯ aäv icoc KpW§fpw icoc [À½fpsañmw {]IrXymhØbnembncn¡Ww. ZoÀLmbpÊpÅ icoc¯nsâ e£Ww C{]ImcamIpóp. CXn\v hn]coXambmð AXv Aev]mbpÀñ£WamIpóp.

Ip«nbpsS BbpÊns\ ]co£n¨Xn\ptijw Ip«n¡v apesImSp¡pó t]mä½sb ]co£n¡Ww. AXn\pÅ D]mbw ]dbmw. sshZy³ t]mä½sb sImïphcphm³ s]ä½bpsS BÄ¡mtcmSv ]dbWw. B t]mä½ C\n ]dbpó KpW§fpÅhfmbncn¡Ww. t]mä½ Ip«nbpsS hÀ®¯n\v Xpeyamb hÀ®apÅhfmbncn¡Ww. AXmbXv Ip«nbpsS \nd¯n\v Xpeyamb \ndapÅhfmbncn¡Ww. AYhm Ip«n {_mÒW\msW¦nð {_mÒWkv{Xobpw £{Xnb\msW¦nð £{Xnb kv{Xobpw, sshiy\msW¦nð sshikv{Xobpw iq{Z\msW¦nð iq{Zkv{Xobpw Bbncn¡Ww. bphXnbpw hn\oXbpw tcmK§sfmópanñm¯hfpw AwKhnIrXnbpw hyk\hpw hncq]Xbpw Cñm¯hfpw Bbncn¡Ww. \nµnXbmbncn¡cpXv. Ip«n P\n¨ tZi¯pÅhÄ Xsóbmbncn¡Ww. \oNkz`mhapÅhfpw \oNIÀ½w sN¿póhfpw Bbncn¡cpXv. \ñ Ipe¯nð P\n¨hfmbncn¡Ww. hmÕeyapÅhfpw BtcmKyapÅ Ip«nbpÅhfpw Ip«n Pohn¨ncn¡póhfpw BIp«nbpÅhfpambncn¡Ww. CjvSwt]mse ]mepÅhfmbncn¡Ww. ]mð sImSp¡póXnð {]tXyIw {i²bpÅhfmbncn¡Ww. InSóp ]mð sImSp¡póhfmIcpXv. Ip«nbpsS aeþaq{X hnkÀÖ\¯nð InS¡póhfmIcpXv. [À½mNmc§fnð hnapJbmbncn¡cpXv. Ip«nsb D]Ncn¡póXnð kmaÀ°yapÅhfmbncn¡Ww. ipNnbpÅXpw Aip²nsb shdp¡póhfpw kvX\§fpw kvX\yhpw \ómbn«pÅhfpw Bbn]n¡Ww. Hcp D¯a[m{XnbpsS e£Ww C{]ImcamIpóp.

kvX\¯nsâ ip`KpWw þ A[nIw DbcmsXbpw A[nIw \ofanñmsXbpw A[nIw h®w IpdbmsXbpw A[nIw h®w CñmsXbpw \ñ ape¡®pItfmSpIqSnbpw Ip«n¡v A\mbmtk\ kvX\y]m\w sN¿m³ IgnbpóXpamb kvX\w D¯aamIpóp.

D¯a kvX\y e£Ww þ hÀ®w, KÔw, ckw, kv]Àiw Ch km[mcW \nebnembncn¡pIbpw Hcp ¥mÊnð shÅsaSp¯p AXnð ape¸msemgn¨mð shÅt¯mSp tNÀópt]mIpIbpw sN¿pó ape¸mð km[mcW \nebnepÅXmIbmð AXv Ip«n¡v icoc]pjvSntbbpw BtcmKyt¯bpw Dïm¡pw. (Ip«n¡v ape sImSp¡phm³ [m{Xnsb \nÀ¯pt¼mÄ Cu kvX\þkvX\y KpW§sf t\mt¡ïXmWv.)

tað]dªXn\p hn]coXambmð hnIrXamb kvX\yamsWódnbWw. B hnIrXamb kvX\y¯nsâ hyXymkw C{]ImcamIpóp. Idp¸v IeÀtóm Nphtóm DÅ hÀ®w, A\pckw NhÀ¸v, hniZw (Ç£vWhn]coXw), AXnbmb KÔw, cq£X, {ZhX, \pcbpïmIpI, eLp, Xr]vXnbnñmXncn¡pI, Ip«nbpsS icocs¯ Iriam¡pI, hmItcmK¯n\v ImcWambn¯ocpI Fóo KpW§tfmSpIqSnb ]mð hmXpZpjvSamsWódnbWw. Idpt¸m \oetbm aªtbm sN¼nsâ hÀ®tam DÅXpw Ibv]v, ]pfn, Fcnhv Ch A\pckambpÅXpw ih¯ntâbpw ]n¯tcmKs¯ DïmIpóXpamb ape¸mð ]p¯ZpjvSamsWódnbWw. AXnbmb shfp¸v, AXna[pcw, D¸v A\pckw, s\¿vþFÅvþhkþaÖ ChbpsS KÔw, hgphgp¸v, shůnsemgn¨mð \qevt]mse shůnsâ ASnbnð Xmgvópt]mIpI, I^hnImc¯n\v ImcWambn¯ocpI ChbpÅXmb ape¸mð I^ZpjvSamsWódnbWw. Cu aqóphn[¯nepÅ £octZmj§fpsS hymXymks¯ hn`Pn¨p a\Ênem¡nbn«v [m{XnbpsS icoc {]IrXn¡pw £oc tZmj¯n\pw A\pkcn¨v ha\w, hntcN\w, IjmbhkvXn, kvt\lhkvXn Ch hn`Pn¨p {]tbmKn¨mð £octZmjw ian¡pw.

Zpjn¨ ]mepÅ [m{XnbpsS Aóhm\hn[nbh, tKmX¼v, \hcbcn, sNsóñcn, sNdp]bcv, AtcWpIw, apXnc Ch Blmcambpw kpcmaZyw, kuhocw, Acn¡mSn, ssatcbaZyw, taZIw Ch IpSn¡php\mbpw shÅpÅnbpw D§pw km[mcWbmbn D]tbmKn¡pIbpw thWw. £octZmjs¯ ]cntim[n¨p AXmXnó\pkcn¨ hn[¯nepÅ Aó]m\mZnIfpw Huj[§epw D]tbmKn¡pbpw thWw.

kvX\ytim[\ Ijmbw þ ]mS¡ng§v, Np¡v, tZhXmcw, ap¯§, s]cp¦pdp¼thcv, NnäarXv, ISI¸mebcn, ]p¯cn¨pïthcv, ISptcmlnWn, \ómdn¡ng§v Ch Ijmbw sh¨p IpSn¡póXv kvX\yip²n¡v Gähpw \ñXmIpóp. AXpt]mseXsó £ochnImc hntij§sf t\m¡nbn«v am{X¡pw Ime¯n\pw A\pkcn¨p Ibv]v, NhÀ¸v, Fcnhv, a[pcw Fóo ck§fpÅ {Zhy§Ä {]tbmKn¨mepw kvX\yip²n hcpw.