chaper6

Aymbw  6

icochnNbw imcocw

tmI :

1-17

18-34

AYmXx icoc hnNbw imcocw hymJymkymax
CXnlkvaml `Khm\mt{Xbx.
1

C\n icochnNbw imcocw F Aymbs Bt{Xb `Khm D]tZinXp {]Imcw Anthi aljn hnhcnpp.

icochnNbx icotcm]ImcmanjytX. mXzm
ln icocXtXzw icotcm]Imc Itcjp `mthjp m
\ap]ZytX, XkvamcochnNbw {]ikn
Ipiemx
2

icocns hntijm\w icocns cmw sshZyhnZyv BhiyamIpp. ImcWw icocXzw Adnnv [mXpkmaymZnIsf sNp `mhfn m\w DmIpp. AXpsImv icocns hntijm\s kamcmb sshZym {]iwknpp.

X{X icocw \ma tNX\m[njvTm\`qXw, ]alm`q
XhnImc kapZmbmIw. kakwtbmK]mlnt\m b
Ym lykvan icotc [mXth sshjayamZyt,
XZmbw hn\miw hteiw hm {]m]vt\mXn.
3

icocw Fv ]dbpXv tNX\bpsS A[njvTm\`qXhpw ]alm`qXfpsS hnImc tNnpXpw BIpp. Ftm Cu icocn ckmZn [mXpfpw hmXmZotZmjfpw aefpw Fmw kaambn tNp\nppthm Atm BtcmKyhpw Ftm [mXzmZnI hnjaambnocppthm Atm titam AYhm acWtam DmIpp. (Aev]sshjayn tihpw henb sshjayn acWhpw DmIpp)

sshjayKa\w ]p\ln [mXq\mx hrn{lmkKa
\aImvt\yss\h. {]IrXym N buK]tZy\ hn
tcm[n\mw [mXq\mw hrn{lmku `hXx bnb
ky [mtXmhrnIcw X XtXm hn]oXKpWky
[mtXmx {]XyhmbIcp kZytX.
4

[mXpfpsS sshjayKa\w FXmIs hrnbpw bhpw BIpp. B hrnbpw bhpw Fmw Htckabv Hcpt]mse hnpItbm bnpItbm sNpXXs {]IrXymXs hntcm[nIfmb [mXpfpsS hrnbpw bhpw HtckabpmIpXmWv. GsXmv GsXmcp [mXpsh hnnpXmtWm AXv AXns hn]coXap [Xpsh CuWnnpXpambncnpw.

XtZh Xkvam t`jPw kayKhNmcyamWw bpK]Zq
\mXncnm\mw [mXq\ma[nIa]IjXn \yq\w B
]ymbXoXn.
5

AXpsImv tZmjZqjymZnIsf Nnnp bYmhn[n {]tbmKnsSp HtcHuj[w Ahkcn Xs IpdbpItbm IqSpItbm sNbvX [mXpv kmayXsb Dmpp. A[nIcnXps\ Ipdpp IpdXns\ A[nIcnnpp.

GXmthhln ss`jPy{]tbmtK ^eanjvSw kzkv
Yhrm\pjvTm\ bmhmXq\mw kmayw kym
kzkym]n ka[mXq\mw kmaym\p{Klmta
h Ipiem ckKpWm\mlmc hnImcmw ]cymtb
W Chyp]tbmpw. kmy kam\m
GI {]mImc`qbnjvTmtm]bpRvPm\mkvXZzn]co
X IcW eW kaRvPmX tNjvSbm kaan
n Ipw.
6

Huj[{]tbmKnepw kzhrm\pjvTm\nepw Cnp ^ew sshjayambncnp [mXpfpsS kmaywXsbmIpp. GXphsc [mXpv kmayw DmIppthm AXphsc Huj[{]tbmKhpw kzhrnbpw A\pjvTnWw. kz\mbm t]mepw [mXpfpsS kmayw \ne\nphm\mbn ka\mbh tbmPnp ckKpWfSnb Blmc{Zhysf D]tbmKnphm B{KlnWw. kmyhpw [mXp kmyhpamsWv hnNmcnp Hcp {Zhyw IqSpXembp]tbmKnm AXv Akmytbpw [mXpsshjaytbpw Dmpw. AhnsS AXn\p hn]coXamb Blmc hnlmcmZnI [mXp kmys Dmpsap a\nemn Ah ioenWw. AXmbXv a[pcw IqSpXembp]tbmKnp I^w hnm I^s \innpXmb cqmlmcw ioenpIbpw hymbmaw ioenpIbpw thWw. Atm [mXpkmayw DmIpXmWv.

tZiImemKpW hn]coXm\mw ln IWmamlm
c hnImcmWm {Intbm]tbmKx kayIv. km`n
tbmtKmƒ\pZom\mw kmcWakvmcWw DZo
m\m KXnaXmw kmlkm\m h\w. kz
hrtaXmhmXq\mw kmym\p {KlmXv
Yap]ZniytX.
7

tZiKpWn\pw ImeKpWn\pw kzw KpWn\pw hn]coXamb I sNpXpw Blmc{Zhy ioenpXpw thXpt]mse BbncnWw. ChbpsS AXntbmKm tbmK anymtbmKsf XSbWw. {]hamb aeaq{XmZnthsf XSbcpXv. kmlk {]hnI sNcpXv. Cu ]d kzhrn [mXpfpsS kmayn\mbn D]tZinXmIpp.

[mXhx ]p\x imcocmx kam\KpssWx kam\KpW`q
bojvssS hm ]ymlmsscc`yky amss\hrnw
{]m]v\phn, {lmkw Xp hn]coXKpssW hn]
coXKpW `qbnjvssT hm ]y`ykyamss\x
8

icoc[mXpfmIs XpeyKpWfptXm Xpey KpW _lpeambnptXm Bb Blmc hnlmcfpsS ioewsImv hrnsb {]m]npp. hn]coX KpWaptXm hn]coXKpW _lpeambnptXm Bb BlmchnlmcfpsS ioewsImv [mXp bnpXpamIpp.

Xt{Xta icoc[mXpKpWmx kwJym kmayIcmx,
XZyYm KpcpeLp iotXmjvW kvanKvZ[cq a
XovW nckc arZpITn\ hniZ]nne
vWJc kqva qe km{{Zhmx; tXjp tb
KpchkvtX Kpcp`ncmlmc KpssWc`ykyamss\ cm
]ymt eLh {lmkn; eLhkvXp eLp
`ncm]ymt Kpch{lkn; Gh tah km
[mXp KpWm\mw kmam\ytbmKmZv hrn hn]cy
bmZv{lmkx; GXkvam amkam]ymtX amwtk\
`qbkvXcat\y`yx icoc[mXp`yx, XYm temlntX\,
tatZm taZkm, hkm hkbm, An XcpWmv
\m, am abm, ip{Iw ipt{IW K`kvXzma
K`tW.
9

Cu ]dbp icoc[mXpfpsS KpWm\n kmays DmpXpw AXn\pthnbp Adnhns\ hnnpXpamIpp. AXv F{]Imcsam  Kpcp  eLp, ioXwDjvWw, kv\nKvw, cqw awXovWw, ncwkcw, arZpITn\w, hniZw]nnew, jvWwJcw, kqvawqew, km{w{Zhw, Ch 20KpWfmIpp. Chbn KpcpKpWap Blmcw ioenm Kpcphmbncnp [mXp hnpp. eLp[mXp bnpp. eLp[mXpfmIs eLpKpWap BlmcsImv hnpIbpw Kpcp[mXp bnpIbpw sNpp. C{]Imcw Fm [mXpfptSbpw KpW Xpeyamb D]tbmKwsImv bhpw DmIpp. CXv kq{Xm\n Hmw Aymbn ]dnpv. kZm k`mhm\mw kmam\yw hrn ImcWw, {lmktlXp hntij {]hrncp`bky Xp. CXpt]mseXs amwkioew sImv av [mXpsf At]np amwkw IpSpXembn hnpp. AXpt]mseXs cwsImv chpw taZvsImv taZpw hksImv hkbpw XcpWmn tkhsImv Anbpw asImv abpw ipw sImv iphpw BaK`wsImv (ap apXembh sImv) K`hpw hnpXmIpp.

b{XtXzhw etW\ kmamt\y\ kmam\yhXm amlm
chnImcmWmakmnyw kym knlnXm\mw
hm]ypbpXzmtm]tbmtKm LrWnXzmZ\ykvam
Zzm ImcWm k N [mXpc`nhcvUbnXhyx kym.
Xkysb kmam\yKpWmx kypcmlmc hnImcm Atk
hym, X{X kam\KpW `qbnjvTm\ma\y {]Ir
Xo\m]ymlmc hnImcmWm\p]tbmKx kymx XZyYm
ip{Itb oc kntjmcp]tbmtKm a[pckv\n
Kv kamJymXm\mw Nm]tcmjm tah {ZhymWmw,
aq{Xtb ]p\cnpckhmcpWo aWvU {Zha[pcm
 ehtWm]tZn\mw, ]pcojtb IpamjamjIp
jvIWvUmPa[ybh imI [m\ymm\mw. hmXtb I
SpXn Ijmb cqeLpioXm\mw ]ntbƒ
kv\nKvKpcpa[pc km{]nnem\mw {Zhym
Wmw Im ]n N bZyZyk [mtXm hrnIcw X
Zmtkhyw Ghat\yjma]n icoc[mXq\mw kmam\y
Xn k[mXq\mtassIItim ƒXntZiX hrn
IcmWn hymJymXm\n `hn.
10

ta ]dXp{]Imcw AXmXv [mXp hnphm AXmXv [mXpfmIpp Blmc {Zhy InpX. AYhm InpIbmsWn Xs D]tbmKnphm ]mXpsImtm evsImtm AXpt]mep av ImcW sImtm D]tbmKnpX. AXmbXv ipw hnphm iphpw cw hnphm chpw apw D]tbmKnphm IgnbpX. Fm [mXpsf hnntXpamIpp. AXn\v XpeyKWfp Blmc{Zhy D]tbmKnphm IgnbmsXbpw hcpp. AhnsS Xpey KpWm[nIyapXmb av hn[nep Blmc {Zhy D]tbmKntXmIpp. AXv F{]Imcsam  ipbn ]mepw s\pw D]tbmKnpWw. AXpt]mseXs a[pchpw kv\nKvXbp av {Zhyfpw D]tbmKnWw. aq{X bn Icnn\ocv, hmcpWoaWvU{Zhyw, a[pcw, Aw, ehWw Chbpw icocn tZapmp av {Zhyfpw D]tbmKnWw. (ip bn iphpw aq{Xbn aq{Xhpw D]tbmKnphm IgnbmsX hm C{]Imcw sNWsaw.) aebn Ipevamjw (Iew Asn ]IpXn thhn [m\yw), Dgpv, IjvIWvUw BSns a[ytZlw) bhw, Cedn, shpImSn apXembh D]tbmKnWwb hmX bn ISpXnIjmbcqeLpioXf {Zhy D]tbmKnWw. ]nbn AehWISpmcDjvWXovW {Zhy D]tbmKnWw. I^bn kv\nKvKpcpakm{]nne {Zhy D]tbmKnWw. aambmepw GtXXv {]hrn GtXXv [mXphn hrnIcamtWm AXv sNWw. CXpt]mse Xs icocnse av [mXptfbpw bnXns\ XpeyKpWaphsImv hnnpIbpw hnXns\ hn]coXKpWaphsImv bnnpIbpw AXmXhkcn sNWw. C{]Imcw Fm [mXpfpw Hmtcmpw hntXmb {ZhyKpW Isf hn]cnsp.

Imtt\y\ icoc]pjvSnIcmkvXznta `mhmx `h
n XZyYm ImetbmKx kz`mh kwknncmlmc ku
jvTahnLmXtXn.
11

]qambpw icoc]pjvSnIcfmb `mh ChbmIpp. EXp, _meybu\w apXemb ImetbmKw, kzm`mhnIambpmIp icochf, AZrjvS tlXphmIpp. Blmcns t{ijvTX, icocns hfv hnLmXIcfmb `mh DmImXncnpI. AXmbXv AtbmKmXntbmK anymtbmK DmImXncnpI.

_ehrnIcmkvXznta `mhm `hn, XZyYm  _
eh]pcptj tZti P _eh ]pcptj Imte N
kpJImetbmtKm _oPt{XKpW kmlmc
k icoc k kmyk kz`mh kwkn
n bu\w N I N kwljtXn
12

_ehrnIcfmb `mh ChbmIpp. _ehmmcmb a\pjym P\n tZin P\npI, _ehmmcmb a\pjym P\n Imen P\npI, ImetbmKw kpJambncnpI, _oPhpw K`mibhpw kambncnpI, Blmcw DrjvSambncnpI, icocw t{ijvTambXmbncnpI, kmyw {]ikvXKpWbpambncnpI, a\v t{ijvTambcnpI, kzm`mhnIambpw _eap {]IrXambncnpI, bu\ambncnpI hymbmamZn I sNpI, ktmjhm\mbncnpI Chsbmw _es hnnpXmIpp.

Blmc ]cpWmaIcmkvXznta `mhm `hn. XZyYm
Dujvamhmbpx tZx kvt\lx Imex katbmKtXn
13

Blmc ckcmZn [mXpfmbn ]cnWanphm thp `mh ChbmIpp. Dujvamhv (Pmcmn, [mXzn) hmbp, shw, kvt\lw, Imew ChbpsSsbmw katbmKw. AamZm\ImXp {]mWx tImjvTw {]IjXn X{sshh`n kwLmXw kvt\tl\arZpXmwKXw. kamt\\mh [qtXmƒncpZcyx ]ht\\Xp. Imte ]Izw kaw kayIv]NXymbp hnhrtb. CXn

X{X Xp JtezjmapjvamZo\m amlmc]cnWmaIcWm
`mhm\manta Ihntijm `hn, XZyYmDujv
am]NXn, hmbpc]IjZn, tZx ssiYneyam]mZ
bXn, kvt\tlmamhw PbXn, Xmex ]cym]v
Xna`n\nbXn katbmKkvtXzjmw ]cnWma
[mXpkmayIcx kZytX.
14

Blmc ]cnWmas sNpXn\v ta]d DujvamZn `mhv C\n]dbp IhyXymkfpv. AXmbXv Dujvamhv Blmcs ]Nnnpp. hmbp AXns\ Iotgmtv sImpt]mIpp. tZw Blmcs inYneampp. kvt\lw AXn\v amhs Dmpp. Imew AXns\ thXpt]msebmnopp. ChbpsS katbmKw Blmc]cnWmaw sImpmIpXnt\smv [mXpkmays Dmpp.

]cnWmaXkvXzmlmcky KpWmx icocKqW`mhamN
Zyt bYmkzahncpmx hncpmjvN hnl[yp
hylXm hntcm[n`nx icocw.
15

Blmcw ]cnWanmemIs Blmcns KpW AXmXn\\pkcnp hncpam icocKpW`mhsf {]m]npp. (BlmcKpW icocnse kam\KpWsf hnnpp). ]cnWman Blmcns KpW icocKpWv hncpambm AXv icocs \innpXmIpp.

icoc[mXphx ]p\Zznhn[mx kw{KtlWae`qXmx.
{]kmZ`qXm X{X ae`qXmkvtX tb icocky
_m[Icx kypx, XZyYmicoc Ont{Zjp]tZlmx
]rYKvPmt\m _lnpJmx ]cn]Izm [mX
hx {]Ip]nXm hmX ]ntjvamtWm tb Nm
t\yƒ]n tINncotc XnjvTtm `mhmx icoc
tkym]LmXmtbm]]Zyt kmwkvXmate kw{]
evatl CXcmwkvXp {]kmtZ, KpmZow {Z
hmm KpWt`tZ\, ckmZow ip{Imm {Zhy
t`tZ\.
16

Npcpn icocnse [mXp cv hn[nemIpp Hv aecq]hpw asmv {]kmZcq]hpw. Ahbn aeco]fmbh asmv {]kmZcq]hpw. Ahbn aecq]fmbh icocn\v D]{Zhsf DmphbmIpp. AXv F{]Imcsamicocns \hZzmcfn ]n\vevpXpw {]tXyIw {]tXyIambpmbn ]pdtv t]mIpXpw (aeaq{XmZnIfpw) ]cn]Izambnocp ckcmZn[mXpfpw {]Ip]nNamIp hmX]n I^fpw atsXmw `mh icocn nXnsNbvXp icocn\v D]{Zhsf Dmppthm Ahbpw Fmw aeambn IWmWw. apsXmw {]kmZcq]ambpw IWmWw. KpWt`Zw sImv KpcpapX {Zhwhscbp 20KpWtfbpw {ZhywsImv ckw apX ipwhtcbp [mXptfbpw IWmWw.

tXjmw ktjmah hmX]ntjvatWm ZpjvSm
ZqjbnXmtcm `hn tZmjXzm, hmXmZo\mw ]p\
[mXztc Imemtc {]ZpjvSm\mw hnhn[mioX ]o
Xntbƒymtb hnm\m\ypm\n, GXmhtXy
h ZpjvS tZmjKXn bmh kwkv]i\mmcoc
[mXq\mw. {]IrXn `qXm\x JephmXmZo\mw ^eam
tcmKyw, XkvamtZjmw {]IrXn`mth {]bXnXhyw
_pnaZv`nx.
17

ta]d aeckmZnIsfmwXs ZpjnpsImncnp hmX]nI^ ZpjnnpXmIpp. ImcWw AhbpsS kz`mhw ZpjnnemIpp. [mXzcnepw Imemcnepw ZpjnpXmb hmXZntZmjfpsS hnm\sf hnhn[minX ]oXnbmymbn ]dbppv. icoc [mXpfpsS kv]i\wsImv Zpjns tZmjfpsS KXn GXv hscbptmdnbphm Ignbpw. AXmbXv tZmjfmWv [mXpsf ZpjnnpXv. Atm Zpjns [mXphgn tZmj F{Xhsc Zpjnncnpp FdnbpXmWv. hmXmZntZmj kamhbn \nmep ^ew BtcmKyamIpp. AXpsImv _pnamm hmXmZn tZmjsf kamhbn \nphm {]bXv\nWw.

tmI :

1-17

18-34