chaper6

Aymbw  6

icochnNbw imcocw

tmI :

1-17

18-34

AYmXx icoc hnNbw imcocw hymJymkymax
CXnlkvaml `Khm\mt{Xbx.
1

C\n icochnNbw imcocw F Aymbs Bt{Xb `Khm D]tZinXp {]Imcw Anthi aljn hnhcnpp.

icochnNbx icotcm]ImcmanjytX. mXzm
ln icocXtXzw icotcm]Imc Itcjp `mthjp m
\ap]ZytX, XkvamcochnNbw {]ikn
Ipiemx
2

icocns hntijm\w icocns cmw sshZyhnZyv BhiyamIpp. ImcWw icocXzw Adnnv [mXpkmaymZnIsf sNp `mhfn m\w DmIpp. AXpsImv icocns hntijm\s kamcmb sshZym {]iwknpp.

X{X icocw \ma tNX\m[njvTm\`qXw, ]alm`q
XhnImc kapZmbmIw. kakwtbmK]mlnt\m b
Ym lykvan icotc [mXth sshjayamZyt,
XZmbw hn\miw hteiw hm {]m]vt\mXn.
3

icocw Fv ]dbpXv tNX\bpsS A[njvTm\`qXhpw ]alm`qXfpsS hnImc tNnpXpw BIpp. Ftm Cu icocn ckmZn [mXpfpw hmXmZotZmjfpw aefpw Fmw kaambn tNp\nppthm Atm BtcmKyhpw Ftm [mXzmZnI hnjaambnocppthm Atm titam AYhm acWtam DmIpp. (Aev]sshjayn tihpw henb sshjayn acWhpw DmIpp)

sshjayKa\w ]p\ln [mXq\mx hrn{lmkKa
\aImvt\yss\h. {]IrXym N buK]tZy\ hn
tcm[n\mw [mXq\mw hrn{lmku `hXx bnb
ky [mtXmhrnIcw X XtXm hn]oXKpWky
[mtXmx {]XyhmbIcp kZytX.
4

[mXpfpsS sshjayKa\w FXmIs hrnbpw bhpw BIpp. B hrnbpw bhpw Fmw Htckabv Hcpt]mse hnpItbm bnpItbm sNpXXs {]IrXymXs hntcm[nIfmb [mXpfpsS hrnbpw bhpw HtckabpmIpXmWv. GsXmv GsXmcp [mXpsh hnnpXmtWm AXv AXns hn]coXap [Xpsh CuWnnpXpambncnpw.

XtZh Xkvam t`jPw kayKhNmcyamWw bpK]Zq
\mXncnm\mw [mXq\ma[nIa]IjXn \yq\w B
]ymbXoXn.
5

AXpsImv tZmjZqjymZnIsf Nnnp bYmhn[n {]tbmKnsSp HtcHuj[w Ahkcn Xs IpdbpItbm IqSpItbm sNbvX [mXpv kmayXsb Dmpp. A[nIcnXps\ Ipdpp IpdXns\ A[nIcnnpp.

GXmthhln ss`jPy{]tbmtK ^eanjvSw kzkv
Yhrm\pjvTm\ bmhmXq\mw kmayw kym
kzkym]n ka[mXq\mw kmaym\p{Klmta
h Ipiem ckKpWm\mlmc hnImcmw ]cymtb
W Chyp]tbmpw. kmy kam\m
GI {]mImc`qbnjvTmtm]bpRvPm\mkvXZzn]co
X IcW eW kaRvPmX tNjvSbm kaan
n Ipw.
6

Huj[{]tbmKnepw kzhrm\pjvTm\nepw Cnp ^ew sshjayambncnp [mXpfpsS kmaywXsbmIpp. GXphsc [mXpv kmayw DmIppthm AXphsc Huj[{]tbmKhpw kzhrnbpw A\pjvTnWw. kz\mbm t]mepw [mXpfpsS kmayw \ne\nphm\mbn ka\mbh tbmPnp ckKpWfSnb Blmc{Zhysf D]tbmKnphm B{KlnWw. kmyhpw [mXp kmyhpamsWv hnNmcnp Hcp {Zhyw IqSpXembp]tbmKnm AXv Akmytbpw [mXpsshjaytbpw Dmpw. AhnsS AXn\p hn]coXamb Blmc hnlmcmZnI [mXp kmys Dmpsap a\nemn Ah ioenWw. AXmbXv a[pcw IqSpXembp]tbmKnp I^w hnm I^s \innpXmb cqmlmcw ioenpIbpw hymbmaw ioenpIbpw thWw. Atm [mXpkmayw DmIpXmWv.

tZiImemKpW hn]coXm\mw ln IWmamlm
c hnImcmWm {Intbm]tbmKx kayIv. km`n
tbmtKmƒ\pZom\mw kmcWakvmcWw DZo
m\m KXnaXmw kmlkm\m h\w. kz
hrtaXmhmXq\mw kmym\p {KlmXv
Yap]ZniytX.
7

tZiKpWn\pw ImeKpWn\pw kzw KpWn\pw hn]coXamb I sNpXpw Blmc{Zhy ioenpXpw thXpt]mse BbncnWw. ChbpsS AXntbmKm tbmK anymtbmKsf XSbWw. {]hamb aeaq{XmZnthsf XSbcpXv. kmlk {]hnI sNcpXv. Cu ]d kzhrn [mXpfpsS kmayn\mbn D]tZinXmIpp.

[mXhx ]p\x imcocmx kam\KpssWx kam\KpW`q
bojvssS hm ]ymlmsscc`yky amss\hrnw
{]m]v\phn, {lmkw Xp hn]coXKpssW hn]
coXKpW `qbnjvssT hm ]y`ykyamss\x
8

icoc[mXpfmIs XpeyKpWfptXm Xpey KpW _lpeambnptXm Bb Blmc hnlmcfpsS ioewsImv hrnsb {]m]npp. hn]coX KpWaptXm hn]coXKpW _lpeambnptXm Bb BlmchnlmcfpsS ioewsImv [mXp bnpXpamIpp.

Xt{Xta icoc[mXpKpWmx kwJym kmayIcmx,
XZyYm KpcpeLp iotXmjvW kvanKvZ[cq a
XovW nckc arZpITn\ hniZ]nne
vWJc kqva qe km{{Zhmx; tXjp tb
KpchkvtX Kpcp`ncmlmc KpssWc`ykyamss\ cm
]ymt eLh {lmkn; eLhkvXp eLp
`ncm]ymt Kpch{lkn; Gh tah km
[mXp KpWm\mw kmam\ytbmKmZv hrn hn]cy
bmZv{lmkx; GXkvam amkam]ymtX amwtk\
`qbkvXcat\y`yx icoc[mXp`yx, XYm temlntX\,
tatZm taZkm, hkm hkbm, An XcpWmv
\m, am abm, ip{Iw ipt{IW K`kvXzma
K`tW.
9

Cu ]dbp icoc[mXpfpsS KpWm\n kmays DmpXpw AXn\pthnbp Adnhns\ hnnpXpamIpp. AXv F{]Imcsam  Kpcp  eLp, ioXwDjvWw, kv\nKvw, cqw awXovWw, ncwkcw, arZpITn\w, hniZw]nnew, jvWwJcw, kqvawqew, km{w{Zhw, Ch 20KpWfmIpp. Chbn KpcpKpWap Blmcw ioenm Kpcphmbncnp [mXp hnpp. eLp[mXp bnpp. eLp[mXpfmIs eLpKpWap BlmcsImv hnpIbpw Kpcp[mXp bnpIbpw sNpp. C{]Imcw Fm [mXpfptSbpw KpW Xpeyamb D]tbmKwsImv bhpw DmIpp. CXv kq{Xm\n Hmw Aymbn ]dnpv. kZm k`mhm\mw kmam\yw hrn ImcWw, {lmktlXp hntij {]hrncp`bky Xp. CXpt]mseXs amwkioew sImv av [mXpsf At]np amwkw IpSpXembn hnpp. AXpt]mseXs cwsImv chpw taZvsImv taZpw hksImv hkbpw XcpWmn tkhsImv Anbpw asImv abpw ipw sImv iphpw BaK`wsImv (ap apXembh sImv) K`hpw hnpXmIpp.

b{XtXzhw etW\ kmamt\y\ kmam\yhXm amlm
chnImcmWmakmnyw kym knlnXm\mw
hm]ypbpXzmtm]tbmtKm LrWnXzmZ\ykvam
Zzm ImcWm k N [mXpc`nhcvUbnXhyx kym.
Xkysb kmam\yKpWmx kypcmlmc hnImcm Atk
hym, X{X kam\KpW `qbnjvTm\ma\y {]Ir
Xo\m]ymlmc hnImcmWm\p]tbmKx kymx XZyYm
ip{Itb oc kntjmcp]tbmtKm a[pckv\n
Kv kamJymXm\mw Nm]tcmjm tah {ZhymWmw,
aq{Xtb ]p\cnpckhmcpWo aWvU {Zha[pcm
 ehtWm]tZn\mw, ]pcojtb IpamjamjIp
jvIWvUmPa[ybh imI [m\ymm\mw. hmXtb I
SpXn Ijmb cqeLpioXm\mw ]ntbƒ
kv\nKvKpcpa[pc km{]nnem\mw {Zhym
Wmw Im ]n N bZyZyk [mtXm hrnIcw X
Zmtkhyw Ghat\yjma]n icoc[mXq\mw kmam\y
Xn k[mXq\mtassIItim ƒXntZiX hrn
IcmWn hymJymXm\n `hn.
10

ta ]dXp{]Imcw AXmXv [mXp hnphm AXmXv [mXpfmIpp Blmc {Zhy InpX. AYhm InpIbmsWn Xs D]tbmKnphm ]mXpsImtm evsImtm AXpt]mep av ImcW sImtm D]tbmKnpX. AXmbXv ipw hnphm iphpw cw hnphm chpw apw D]tbmKnphm IgnbpX. Fm [mXpsf hnntXpamIpp. AXn\v XpeyKWfp Blmc{Zhy D]tbmKnphm IgnbmsXbpw hcpp. AhnsS Xpey KpWm[nIyapXmb av hn[nep Blmc {Zhy D]tbmKntXmIpp. AXv F{]Imcsam  ipbn ]mepw s\pw D]tbmKnpWw. AXpt]mseXs a[pchpw kv\nKvXbp av {Zhyfpw D]tbmKnWw. aq{X bn Icnn\ocv, hmcpWoaWvU{Zhyw, a[pcw, Aw, ehWw Chbpw icocn tZapmp av {Zhyfpw D]tbmKnWw. (ip bn iphpw aq{Xbn aq{Xhpw D]tbmKnphm IgnbmsX hm C{]Imcw sNWsaw.) aebn Ipevamjw (Iew Asn ]IpXn thhn [m\yw), Dgpv, IjvIWvUw BSns a[ytZlw) bhw, Cedn, shpImSn apXembh D]tbmKnWwb hmX bn ISpXnIjmbcqeLpioXf {Zhy D]tbmKnWw. ]nbn AehWISpmcDjvWXovW {Zhy D]tbmKnWw. I^bn kv\nKvKpcpakm{]nne {Zhy D]tbmKnWw. aambmepw GtXXv {]hrn GtXXv [mXphn hrnIcamtWm AXv sNWw. CXpt]mse Xs icocnse av [mXptfbpw bnXns\ XpeyKpWaphsImv hnnpIbpw hnXns\ hn]coXKpWaphsImv bnnpIbpw AXmXhkcn sNWw. C{]Imcw Fm [mXpfpw Hmtcmpw hntXmb {ZhyKpW Isf hn]cnsp.

Imtt\y\ icoc]pjvSnIcmkvXznta `mhmx `h
n XZyYm ImetbmKx kz`mh kwknncmlmc ku
jvTahnLmXtXn.
11

]qambpw icoc]pjvSnIcfmb `mh ChbmIpp. EXp, _meybu\w apXemb ImetbmKw, kzm`mhnIambpmIp icochf, AZrjvS tlXphmIpp. Blmcns t{ijvTX, icocns hfv hnLmXIcfmb `mh DmImXncnpI. AXmbXv AtbmKmXntbmK anymtbmK DmImXncnpI.

_ehrnIcmkvXznta `mhm `hn, XZyYm  _
eh]pcptj tZti P _eh ]pcptj Imte N
kpJImetbmtKm _oPt{XKpW kmlmc
k icoc k kmyk kz`mh kwkn
n bu\w N I N kwljtXn
12

_ehrnIcfmb `mh ChbmIpp. _ehmmcmb a\pjym P\n tZin P\npI, _ehmmcmb a\pjym P\n Imen P\npI, ImetbmKw kpJambncnpI, _oPhpw K`mibhpw kambncnpI, Blmcw DrjvSambncnpI, icocw t{ijvTambXmbncnpI, kmyw {]ikvXKpWbpambncnpI, a\v t{ijvTambcnpI, kzm`mhnIambpw _eap {]IrXambncnpI, bu\ambncnpI hymbmamZn I sNpI, ktmjhm\mbncnpI Chsbmw _es hnnpXmIpp.

Blmc ]cpWmaIcmkvXznta `mhm `hn. XZyYm
Dujvamhmbpx tZx kvt\lx Imex katbmKtXn
13

Blmc ckcmZn [mXpfmbn ]cnWanphm thp `mh ChbmIpp. Dujvamhv (Pmcmn, [mXzn) hmbp, shw, kvt\lw, Imew ChbpsSsbmw katbmKw. AamZm\ImXp {]mWx tImjvTw {]IjXn X{sshh`n kwLmXw kvt\tl\arZpXmwKXw. kamt\\mh [qtXmƒncpZcyx ]ht\\Xp. Imte ]Izw kaw kayIv]NXymbp hnhrtb. CXn

X{X Xp JtezjmapjvamZo\m amlmc]cnWmaIcWm
`mhm\manta Ihntijm `hn, XZyYmDujv
am]NXn, hmbpc]IjZn, tZx ssiYneyam]mZ
bXn, kvt\tlmamhw PbXn, Xmex ]cym]v
Xna`n\nbXn katbmKkvtXzjmw ]cnWma
[mXpkmayIcx kZytX.
14

Blmc ]cnWmas sNpXn\v ta]d DujvamZn `mhv C\n]dbp IhyXymkfpv. AXmbXv Dujvamhv Blmcs ]Nnnpp. hmbp AXns\ Iotgmtv sImpt]mIpp. tZw Blmcs inYneampp. kvt\lw AXn\v amhs Dmpp. Imew AXns\ thXpt]msebmnopp. ChbpsS katbmKw Blmc]cnWmaw sImpmIpXnt\smv [mXpkmays Dmpp.

]cnWmaXkvXzmlmcky KpWmx icocKqW`mhamN
Zyt bYmkzahncpmx hncpmjvN hnl[yp
hylXm hntcm[n`nx icocw.
15

Blmcw ]cnWanmemIs Blmcns KpW AXmXn\\pkcnp hncpam icocKpW`mhsf {]m]npp. (BlmcKpW icocnse kam\KpWsf hnnpp). ]cnWman Blmcns KpW icocKpWv hncpambm AXv icocs \innpXmIpp.

icoc[mXphx ]p\Zznhn[mx kw{KtlWae`qXmx.
{]kmZ`qXm X{X ae`qXmkvtX tb icocky
_m[Icx kypx, XZyYmicoc Ont{Zjp]tZlmx
]rYKvPmt\m _lnpJmx ]cn]Izm [mX
hx {]Ip]nXm hmX ]ntjvamtWm tb Nm
t\yƒ]n tINncotc XnjvTtm `mhmx icoc
tkym]LmXmtbm]]Zyt kmwkvXmate kw{]
evatl CXcmwkvXp {]kmtZ, KpmZow {Z
hmm KpWt`tZ\, ckmZow ip{Imm {Zhy
t`tZ\.
16

Npcpn icocnse [mXp cv hn[nemIpp Hv aecq]hpw asmv {]kmZcq]hpw. Ahbn aeco]fmbh asmv {]kmZcq]hpw. Ahbn aecq]fmbh icocn\v D]{Zhsf DmphbmIpp. AXv F{]Imcsamicocns \hZzmcfn ]n\vevpXpw {]tXyIw {]tXyIambpmbn ]pdtv t]mIpXpw (aeaq{XmZnIfpw) ]cn]Izambnocp ckcmZn[mXpfpw {]Ip]nNamIp hmX]n I^fpw atsXmw `mh icocn nXnsNbvXp icocn\v D]{Zhsf Dmppthm Ahbpw Fmw aeambn IWmWw. apsXmw {]kmZcq]ambpw IWmWw. KpWt`Zw sImv KpcpapX {Zhwhscbp 20KpWtfbpw {ZhywsImv ckw apX ipwhtcbp [mXptfbpw IWmWw.

tXjmw ktjmah hmX]ntjvatWm ZpjvSm
ZqjbnXmtcm `hn tZmjXzm, hmXmZo\mw ]p\
[mXztc Imemtc {]ZpjvSm\mw hnhn[mioX ]o
Xntbƒymtb hnm\m\ypm\n, GXmhtXy
h ZpjvS tZmjKXn bmh kwkv]i\mmcoc
[mXq\mw. {]IrXn `qXm\x JephmXmZo\mw ^eam
tcmKyw, XkvamtZjmw {]IrXn`mth {]bXnXhyw
_pnaZv`nx.
17

ta]d aeckmZnIsfmwXs ZpjnpsImncnp hmX]nI^ ZpjnnpXmIpp. ImcWw AhbpsS kz`mhw ZpjnnemIpp. [mXzcnepw Imemcnepw ZpjnpXmb hmXZntZmjfpsS hnm\sf hnhn[minX ]oXnbmymbn ]dbppv. icoc [mXpfpsS kv]i\wsImv Zpjns tZmjfpsS KXn GXv hscbptmdnbphm Ignbpw. AXmbXv tZmjfmWv [mXpsf ZpjnnpXv. Atm Zpjns [mXphgn tZmj F{Xhsc Zpjnncnpp FdnbpXmWv. hmXmZntZmj kamhbn \nmep ^ew BtcmKyamIpp. AXpsImv _pnamm hmXmZn tZmjsf kamhbn \nphm {]bXv\nWw.

`hnNm{X
khZm khYmkhw icocw thZbm `njIv
BbptZw k Imvt\y\ thZtemI kpJ{]Zx
18

sshZy Fmbvtmgpw Fmhn[nepw icocs apgph \Xpt]mse AdnncnWw. Ans\bph temIn\v kpJs {]Zm\w sNp BbptZs apgph Adnbph\mIpp.

Xtah aph\pw `Khamt{Xbanthi DhmN
{ipXtaXZypw `KhXm icocm[nImtc hNx, Inw
\pJep K`kymwKw ]qa`n\ntX Ipu. Ip
tXmapJx IYw hm NmKXkvXnjvTXn, Inamlmc
hbXn, IYw `qX \njv{ImaXn, ssI
tbamlmtcm]Nmssc PmXkvXmhym[nc`nh,
ktZyml\ytX ssIx, InwNmky tZhmZn{]tIm]\nan
m hnImcmx kw`hn Btlmckzn, InwNmky Im
emImeartXym `mhm`mhtbm `Khm\[yhkyXn, Inw
Nmky ]cambpx, Im\nNmky ]cambptjm \nanm\oXn.
20

C{]Imcw ]d Bt{Xb `Khmt\mSv An`mKhm ]dp  Xm Cu icocm[nImcn D]tZinssXmw R tIp. AXn Rv NneXv Adnbphm\pv. K`mibn K`n\v GXhbhamWv BZyw DmIpXv? K`ns apJw FhnsSbmWpmIpI? AXv Fns\bmWv A`mKv nXnsNpXv? Fv BlmcwsImmWv PohnpXv? P\nXn\ptijw Fv Blmtcm]NmctfsmmWv tcmKfnmsX hcpXv? FpsImv s]sv acnpt]mIpp? tZhmZnIfpsS {]tIm]w \nanw FpsImv tcmKfpmIpp? FpsImv tcmKenmXncnpp? P\nh\v ImearXyphpw AImearXyphpw DmIpItbm CmXncnpItbm sNpXn XmfpsS A`n{]mbsav? Chs ]caamb Bbps{XbmIpp? Chv ]caamb Bbpv Fv ImcWwsImpmIpp? injys Cu tNmZyv BNmcy hgn{Ian adp]Sn ]dbpp.

XtXhapXanthiw `Khm ]p\kpcmt{X
b DhmN  ]qaptaXZv K`mh{Imu bYm
ƒba`n \nhtX Ipu. bmky bZm kwXn
jvStXƒwKPmXw; \n {]Xn]nhmZmkvXz{X _lp
ho[mx kq{XImcnWmarjoWmw hkn kthjmw,
Xm\]n \nt_mt[mNyam\m  incx ]qha`n\nh
tX IpmhnXn Ipamcincm `cZzmPx ]iyXn, k
th{nbmWmw XZ\njvTm\anXnIrXzm, lrZbanXn
Immbt\mhmlnI`njIv, tNX\m[njvTm\Xzm,
\m`ncnXn `{ZIm]yx, BlmcKa CXnIrXzm, ]Izm
ibKpZanXn Z{Ziu\Ix, amcpXm[njvTm\Xzm l
kvX]mZanXn_Unix, XIcWXzm ]pcpjky,
C{nbmWoXn P\tIm sshtZlx Xm\yky _py[n
jvTm\m\oXn IrXzmx ]tcmXzmZNnyanXn amco
Nnx Imiy]x, khmwK\nhrnbpK]Zn [\z
cnx. XZp]]w knXzm khmwKmWmw Xky
lrZbw aqa[njvTm\w N Xkvam ]qm`n\nhr
ntcjmw XkvamZv lrZb ]qhmWmw khmwKm
\mw XpeyImem`n\nhrn kh`mhm lyt\ym\y
{]Xn_m, XkvamZyYm `qX Zi\w km[p.
21

ta]d {]Imcap tNmZy tNmZn Anthit\mSv Bt{Xb `Khm ]dp  K`w K`mibn Fns\bmWv DmIpsXv apv K`mh{Imn imcocw F Aymbn hnhcnnpv. K`n\v FtmgmWv AwKfpmIpsXp hnhcnnpv. Fm Chsb kw_nv A`n{]mb hymXymk kq{XImcnIfmb Fm Ejnampw Dv. Ahsb ]dbmw {inptIpI. Ipamcincm `cZzmP a\nempp K`mibn K`n\v BZyw incmWv DmIpsXv ImcWw incmWsm k C{nbfptSbpw B{ibw Fv [cnnpv. hmlnItZinse sshZy\mb Immb\ a\nempXv lrZbamWv BZyw DmIpsXv ImcWw AXv tNX\bpsS A[njvTm\amIpp. `{ZIm]ys A`n{]mbw \m`nbmWv BZyw DmIpsXmWv ImcWw CXphgnbmWv K`n\v Blmcw InpIbpw AXphgn ]pjvSnsSpIbpw sNpXv. `{Ziu\I hnNmcnpXv ]Izmihpw KpZhpamWv BZyw DmIpsXv ImcWw AXv hmbphns A[njvTm\amIpp. hmbp IqSmsX ]nI^tfm asmpw Xssbm DmIpX. _Unis A`n{]mbw Ipw ImepamWv BZyw DmIpXmsWmWv. ImcWw AXv AXns ImcWamIpp. Fmn\pw apv C{nbfmWpmbXv FmWv sshtZl P\Is \nbw. ImcWw AhbmWv _pnbpsS A[n\w. amcoNnImiy] ]dbpp K`n\v GXhbhamWv BZyw DmIpsXv {]Xyn ImWm IgnbmXpsImv ]dbm IgnbpX FmWv. [\zcnbpsS aXw Fm AwKfpw Htc Ahkcn DmIpp FmWv. (Cu [\zcnaXw kp{ipXw imcocn hyambn hnhcnnpv.) K`ns Fm Ahbhpw lrZbw aqeImcWhpw Fm `mhfptSbpw B{ibhpamIpp. AXpsImv Ahbhv lrZbapmIpXn\v apv DmIm IgnbpX. AXpsImv lrZb]qIambn Fm AwKfpw HcpanpmIpXmIpp. AXmbXv ip{ItimWnX kwtbmKn Bmhv AXnt\mSv tNcptm AXn lrZbhpw Fm Ahbhfpw A`hnp InSppv. Ah ]noSv hfphcpp Fv am{Xw. icocnse Fm `mhfpw At\ym\yw _sXmIpp. Hn\pw asmns klmbanmsX DmIphmt\m hfcphmt\m IgnbpX. AXpsImv Fm AwK{]XywKfpw HcpanpmIpp Fv ]dbpXmWv icn.

K`kvXp JepamXpE ]rjvTm`napJ Duzincmx
kpNymwKm\n BkvtX PcmbphrXx Ipu.
22

K`amIs amXmhns ]rjvT`mKtv A`napJambn Duzincmbn Ahbhsfmw aSn Npcpnhp Pcmbphm BhrXambn K`mibn nXnsNpp.

hy]KXl_p`pu ]n]mkkvXpK`x ]cX{hrn
 amXcam{inXy hbXyp]kvt\tlm] tkzZm`ymw
K`kvXpkZ kZv `qXmwKmhbhx. XZ\cw ly
ky temaIq]mbss\cp]kvt\lx In \m`n
\mUyXss\x. \m`ymwlyky \mUo {]km, \m
Uym Nm]cm C]cmNykyamXpx {]km lrZtb.
amXrlrZbw lyky Xma]cma`nkwhtX kncm`nx
kyam\m`nx, k Xky ctkm _heIcx kZy
tX, k N kckhm\mlmcx kv{Xobmlym] K
`mbmkv{Xn[m ckx {]Xn]ZytX kz icoc]pjvS
tbkvXkymb K`hrtb N, ktX\mKmcmtWm]
kvX_v[x ]cX{ hrnamXcam{iXyhbXy
KXx.
23

K`n\v Zmlhpw hnipw DmIpX. K`ns PohnXw ]cm[o\w AXmbXv amXmhn[o\amIpp. Cu kzpw Akpamb (qehpw, kqvahpamb) AwKmhbhtemSpIqSnb K`w amXmhn\nv Inp D]kvt\lw (ckw) sImpw D]tkzZw (NqSv) sImpw Pohnpp. AwKmhbhsfmw hyambXn\ptijw D]kvt\lw Ipdv tcmaIq] hgnbmbpw Ipdv \m`n\mUnhgnbmbpw Inpp. K`n\v \m`nbn \mUnbpv. \mUntbmSp A]cm (Placenta)_nncnpp. B A]cbpsS kw_w amXmhns lrZbtmSptNp nXnsNpp. amXmhns kv]nptm kncI hgn B A]ctbbpw ck]qamnopp. B ckw (cw) K`ns _etbpw htbpw Dmpp. K`nWn Ignp Fmhn[ Blmckm[\fpw aqp `mKsf t]mjnnpXmIpp. Hcp `mKw kzw icochrntbbpw Hcp `mKw kzw icochrntbbpw Hcp `mKw kvX\yhrntbbpw Hcp `mKw K`hrntbbpw Dmpp. Ans\ K`w Abn \nv Inp Blmcckwhgn PohnpXv sImv ]cX{ Pohnbmbn Asb B{ibnv K`mibn Pohnpp.

k tNm]nXImte P\o {]kqXn amcpX tbm
Km ]cnhrXm AhmIvincm \njv{ImaXy]Xy]tY
\, Gjm {]IrXnx hnIrXnx ]p\ctXmƒ\yYm ]
cwXzXx kzX{hrn ShXn.
24

B K`w {]khImeambm {]kqXnamcpX tbmKZzmcm incv Xmtgmmnsmv tbm\namnqSn ]pdtv hcpp. (Duzincmbn \np K`w {]kqXnhmbphns {]h\w sImv At[mincmIptXmSpIqSn incv BZyw tbm\n amw hgn ]pdtv hcpp). CXv km[mcW \nebnep {]khamIpp. CXn\v hn]coXambm hnIrXamIpp. AXmbXv incsmgnsI av GXv `mKw tbm\napJv BZyw hmepw AXv hnIrXnbmIpp. {]khnp Ignm ]cm[o\Xt]mbn kzX{hrnbmbnocpp. AXmbXv izmk{]h\hpw lrZb{]h\hpw, Bamib {]h\hpw ^p^pkZzmcmctim[\hpw Fmw Xs kzambn {]hnpp.

Xkymlmtcm]NmcuPmXnkq{Xotbm]ZnjvSmh hnImc
ImcuNm`n hrnIcu `hXx Xm`ymtah N (tkhn
Xm`ymw) hnjam`ymw PmXx ktZym l\ytX Xcpcnhm
Nnchy]tcm]ntXm hmXmX]m`ma{]XnjvTnX aqex.
25

K`ns Blmcfpw D]Nmcfpw PmXn kq{Xobw F Fmas Aymbn hnhcn{]Imcw sNbvXm K`n\v hnImcsfmpanmsXbpw A`nhrnsb DmpXpw Bbncnpw. B ]dXpt]msebmsX hnjamlmtcm]Nmc ioenm K`w Dmb DSs\Xs K`mibn hp \inpt]mIpXmbncnpw. hfp hepXmbn shcv ]nSnp\nm hrw Impw shbnepwsImv \inpt]mIpXpt]mse.

Btm]tZimZZv`pX cq]Zi\m kapm\ enw
KXnInknX hntijm, tZmj{]tIm]m\pcq]m
 tZhmZn{]tIm]\nanm hnImtcx kap]
e`yt.
26

IpamcXt{m]tZin ]d tZhmZnI \nanapmIp hnImcsImpw Bcyap cq]I ImWpI \nanambpw \nZm\ea NnInIfpsS `nXsImpw tZmj{]tIm] P\yamb tcmKfpsS `nXsImpw tZhmZnIfpsS {]tIm]w \nanambpw K`n\v hnImc DmIpXmWv.

ImemIme artXymkvXpJep `mhm`mhtbmcnZ a[yh
koXw \xbx In{anbtX k Ime Gh {anb
tX \ ln Imen{Z akvXntXytI XmkayIv
\ lyn{ZXm kn{ZXm hm Imetkym]]Zy
tX, ImekzeW kz`mhm; XYmlpc]tc  tbm
bZm{anbtX k Xky\nbtXm arXypImex k k
`qXm\mw kXyx ka{InbXzmZnXn, GXZ]n Nm\y
Ymƒ {KlWw, \ ln In{aobX CXn k
a{Inbx Imex ]pacmbpjx {]amWa[nIrtXymNy
tXx bky tNjvSw tbm XZm{anbtX Xky k \nb
tXm arXypIme CXn Xky k`mhm bYmkmw \n
bXImem `hnjynx Xt\m]]ZytX, {]Xyw ly
ImemlmchN\ ImWmw lnXa\njvSw hn]cytb
tNjvSw {]Xy Xtm ]e`ytX Jep ImemIm
embpnkvXmkp Xmkzhmkp Xw ka
aXn kaoyx XZyYm Imtemƒbaky Xp hymt[cm
lmckyuj[ky {]XnItWm hnkkyN tIm
tem `hXn temtIƒt]yXZv`hXn Imte tZthm h
jXyImte tZthm hjXn, XmteioXaImteioXw
ImteX]XyImteX]Xn, Imte]pjv] ^eaImte
N ]pjv]^eanXnx XkvamZp`bakvXnImte ar
Xypcss\ImnIw bZnlyImte arXyp\ kymnbX
Ime{]amWambpx kwkym. GhwKtX lnXmln
Xm\aImcWw kym {]Xym\p at\mbtZimiv
Nm {]amWm\n kyptb {]amW`qXmx khXt{
jp, ssbcmbpjymWy\mbpjymWn tNm]e`ytx hm
KzkvXpam{X taXZzmZarjtbm a\yt bZpNytX
\mImearXypckvXoXn.
27

ImearXyp Asn AImearXyp DmIpp AYhm DmIpn. Cu hnjbs kw_nv RfpsS \nbw C{]ImcamIpp. Hcph Ftm acnppthm AXv ImenXsbmWv acnpXv. ImcWw Imen\v FhntSbpw Hgnhn. Imen\v Hgnhpsv Nne ]dbppv. AXv icnb. ImWw Imens kzw eWwsImpw kz`mhwsImpw AXn\v Hgnhnstm Hgnhpstm ]dbm IgnbpX. (Imew Ahnnw XpScpXmWv.) A{]Imcw av Nne ]dbpp  GsXmcph acnppthm AXv Ahs \nnXamb acWImeamIpp Fv. Fm B ]dXv icnb. ImcWw Fm PohnIpw acWw \nbamWv. Hcmfpw acnmXncnpn. ]ns Bbpns Afhn\pkcnv Hcph \qdv hbn\v apv acnm Ah AImemWv acnsXv ]dbpp. GsXmcph GsXmcp Imev acnppthm AXv Ahs \nnXamb acWImeamIpp. B aXn\pkcvv Fm `mhpw Xs XtXmb \nnX Imeapv. {]Xyn AImev Ignbp Blmcntbpw AImev ]dbp hmntbpw AImev sNp {]hnbptSbpw ^ew A\njvSamIpp. adnv Imev sNp BlmchN\ IfpsS ^ew CjvShpamIpp. Cu ImemImefmIs AXmXmv tbmPnpXn\pkcnmbncnpsav A{]Xyn ImWmhpXmamIpp. AXv F{]Imcsam  CXv Cu tcmKns ImeamIpp. CXv Cu Blmcns ImeamIpp. CXv AImeamIpp. CXn Cu Huj[ns ImeamIpp. CXv AImeamIpp. CXv Cu NnInbpsS ImeamIpp. CXn AImeamIpp. CXv Cu tcmKn\nv tamN\w Int ImeamIpp. CXv AImeamIpp temIn C{]Imcw ImImesf ImWsSpp. Imen hjw DmIpp. AImen hjw DmIpp. Imen ioXw DmIpp. AImen ioXw DmIpp. Imen NqSpmIpp. AImen NqSpmIpp. Imen ]pjv]^efpmIpp.. AImen ]pjv]^efpmIpp. AXpsImv Imenepw acWapmIpp. AImenepw acWapmIpp. AImen acWapmIpnsphm Bbpns Afhn\v \nbapmhpIbmsWn lnXntbpw AlnXntbpw m\w \njv{]tbmP\ambncnpw. ImcWw lnXtkhsImv Hcp em`hpw DmIpX. AlnXtkhsImv Hcp \jvShpw DmIpX Fv hcpw. AXmbXv lnXmlnX tkhsImv Bbpv hnnphmt\m Ipdphmt\m IgnbpX. AXpsImv imkv{Xfn {]amWcq]n kzoIcntXmbn ]dbs {]Xy  A\pam\D]tZi{]amWsfmw A{]amWambnocpw ImcWw CXnqSnbmWv Bbpntbpw A\mbpntbpw `mhsf AdntbXv. Bbpns Imebfhv Fmhpw Hcpt]mse \nnXcq]nemsWn Bbpjvchpw A\mbpjvchpambnpsXmpw Xs Cspw hcpw, CXv m]nphm\p {]amWw Xtbpw A{]amWambnocpw. AXpsImv AImearXyp Csv ]dbpXv tIew \nmcamb hmpIfmtb Ejnam IcpXppp.

hjiXw Jezmbpjx {]amWakvan Imte
28

CuImen (IenbpKns {]mcw`n) Bbpn {]amWw100hjamIpp.

Xky\nanw {]IrXn KpWm k kmtym
] tkh\wtNXn.
29

{]IrXn kXv (kahmX]n I^Xm), KpW kXv (icocw \ KpWapXmbncnpI), Bkv (\ B_eaph\mbncnpI) kmyambh ioenpI Fnh \nanw ]qmbpv e`npXmbncnpw.

X{XtmIm
icocw bZyYmX htX njvSamassbx
bYmtiw hn\miw N bmXnsb Nmky `mhXx
hrn{lmku bYm tXjmw oWm\mauj[wNb
tZlhrnIcm `mhm _ehrnIcmtb
]cnWmaIcm `mhm bmNtXjmw ]rYIv {Inbm
aemJymx kw {]kmZmJym [mXhx {]iv\GhN
\htIm \nbmky hn[nh kw{]ImioXx
XYyx icoc hnNtb imcotc ]cajnWm.
30
31

32

33

FpsImv icocw Fv ]dbpp. B icocw FpsImv tcmKm tinsSpp. F{]Imcw B tiw \mis {]m]npp. AXn\p [mXp FmIpp. Ahbvv hrnbpw bhpw Fns\bpmIpp. oWn [mXpp Huj[w GsXmmWv. icochrnsb DmpXpw _ehrnsb DmpXpamb `mh FsmamWv. Blmc]cnWmas Dmp `mh B `mhfpsS {]tXyIw {]tXyIw I. aew Fv ]dbpXpw {]kmZw Fv ]dbpXpamb [mXp. HXv tNmZyfpw AhbpsS \nbfpw FmwXs Cu icochnNbw imcocw F Aymbn ]cajnbm hn[n {]Imcw hnhcnsncnpp.

CXynthi IrtXXt{ NcI{]XnkwkvIrtX
imcocmt\ icochnNbw imcocw \ma
jjvtTmƒ[ymbx.

tmI :

1-17

18-34