chaper4

Aymbw  4

alXo K`mh{Imn imcocw

tmI :

AYmXx alXo K`mh{Imn imcocw hymJymkymax
CXnlkvaml `Khm\mt{Xbx.
1

C\n alXo K`mh{Imn imcocw F Aymbs Bt{Xb `Khm D]tZinXp {]Imcw Anthi aljn hnhcnpp.

bX K`x kw`hXn bkvanw K`kwm
bZznImc Kt`m bbm Np\p]qym`n \n
tX Ipu bmky hrntlXpbX A
kym P `JXn XXiv, Imvt\y\mh\iy
hnIrXnam]ZytX XZ\phymJymkyma
2

GsXmn\m K`w DmIpp, GsXmn\v K`w Fv ]dbpp, GsXmns hnImcamWv K`w, GXv {IanemWv K`mibn {]ISamIpXv, K`ns hfv ImcWw GXmIpp, FpsImv K`w DmImXncnpp, FpsImv Dmb K`w K`mibnhp \inpt]mIpp. FpsImv K`w ]qambpw \inpt]mImsX hnIrXambnocpp. Chsbmw {Ian hnhcnpXcmw.

amXrXx ]nXrXx B\x kmytXm ckXx k
XzX CtXytXt`ym `mth`yx kw
`KhXn. Xky tbtbƒhbhm btXm bXx kw`hXx
kw`hn, Xm hn`Py amXrPmZo Ahbhm ]r
YIv hrYam{K.
3

amXmhv, ]nXmhv, Bmhv, kmyw, ckw a\v ChbpsS tNsImv K`w DmIpp. K`n\v GtXXhbh amXrPmZnP\yambpmIpp Fv hn`Pnnv apv {]tXyIw {]tXyIambn hnhcnnpv.

ip{ItimWnX PohkwtbmK Xp Jpep IpnKtX
K`kwm `hXn.
4

ip{ItimWnXfpw Poh\pw K`mibn hp IqSntXn\v K`w Fv ]dbpp.

K`kvXzco hmbzKm\n tXmb`qan hnImct
X\m[njvTm\`qXx Gha\ssbh bpym ]a
lm`qX hnImc kapZmbmtXm K`tX\m[mXz
[njvTm\`qXx k lyky jjvtTm [mXpcpx
5

K`amIs BImiw, hmbp, An, shw `qan Fo ]alm`qXfpsS hnImc\pw tNX\ B{ibhpw BIpp. Cu bpn\pkcnp ]alm`qXhnImcns kapZmbcq]amb K`w tNX\bpsS B{ib`qXamIpp. B tNX\bmIs K`ns Bdmas [mXp Fv ]dbpp. (BImimZn ]alm`qX Av [mXpfpw Bmhv Bdmas [mXphpw BIpp. Cu Bdv [mXpfmWv K`ns LSIw. JmZbtX\mjjvTm [mXhx ]pcpjx kvarX Fv apv ]dnpv.)

bbm Nm\p]qm`n \ntX Ipu XZ\p hym
Jymkymax. KtX ]pcmtW cPkn, \th ]mhn
tX, ]p\x ipkv\mXmw kv{Xobahym] tbm
\n timWnX K`mibmarXp aXoamNptl, Xbm
kl XYm`qXtbm bZm ]pam\ ]ym] _otPm an
{io`mhw KXn Xky ltjmZocnXx ]cx icoc
[mXzmm ip{I`qtXmƒwKmZwKm kw`hXn. kX
bm Kj`qtX\m\mZocnXm[njvTnX _oP
[mXpx ]pcpj icocmZ`n \njv]tZymZntX\ ]YmK
`miba\p {]hniymth\ kwktaXn
6

GXp{]ImcamWv K`mibn K`w {]ISamIpsXv hnhcnpXcmw. ]gInb cPv ]pdtv hcnIbpw ]pXnb cPv hcpXv \npIbpw sNptm Ipfnp ipambnp tbm\ntimWnXK`mib hym]pIsfmpanm kv{Xosb EXpaXn Fv ]dbpp. A{]Imcap kv{XotbmSp IqSn Ftm _oPtZmjsfmpanm ]pcpj tNcppthm Atm Ah\v ljt{]cnXambn icocns k[mXpfptSbpw kmc`qXamb ipw DmIpp. Bt{]cnXhpw Bm[njvTnXhpw _oP cq]hpw [mXpcq]hpamb B ipw ljwsImv ]pcpj icocn \nv enwKwhgn ]pdtv hcnIbpw tbm\n amnIqSn K`mibn {]thinnv Bhhpambn IqSntcpIbpw sNpp. C{]ImcamWv K`mibn K`w {]ISamIpXv.

X{X ]qw tNX\m[mXpx kXzIctWm KpW{Kl
Wmb ]p\x {]htX. k ln tlXpx ImcWw \nan
acw Imam thZnXm t_mm {ZjvSm [
Xm{_m hnizIm hnizcq]x ]pcpjx {]`
thmhytbm \ntXym KptWm {KlWw {][m\ahy
w Pothmx {]IetX\mhm {]`p`q
Xmm tN{nbmm NmcmmtNXn
7

BZyw at\mcq]amb ImcWtmSp tNp\np tNX\m[mXp (Bmhv) KpW{KlWn\mbn {]hnpp. AXmbXv Bmhv Xs Im t{]cnXamb a\mIp km[\tmSp IqSntp qeicocs Dmphm\mbn D]mZm\`qXamb `qXsf {Klnpp. B BmhmIs tlXphpw ImcWhpw \nanhpw Ahn\minbpw Imhpw Adnbph\pw m\hm\pw _pnam\pw ImWph\pw [cnph\pw {_mhpw hnizImhpw hnizcq]\pw Dev]nv ImcWhpw Ahyb\pw \nXy\pw KpWnbpw {Klnph\pw {][m\\pw Ahyhpw Poh\pw m\hm\pw icocn\v ssNX\ys Dmph\pw {]`phpw `qXmmhpw C{nbmmhpw Acmmhpw BIpp.

k KptWm]mZm\ Imteƒcow ]qXcat\ymt`ym
KptW`y D]mZt. bYm {]_ebmXytb knkrp
 `qXm\yc`qXx ktXzm]mZm\w ]qXcamImiw
krPXn, XXx {ItaW hyXKpWm [mXq hm
bzmZnwXpcx XYm tZh{KltWƒ]n {]ham
\x ]qXcamImc tathm]mZt. XXx {ItaW
hyXcKpWm [mXq hmbzmZowXpcx. k
a]n Xp JtezmXZv KptWm]mZm\aWp\m Imte\
`hXn.
8

Bmhv KpWsf kzoIcnp kabw av KpWsf At]nv BZyw Acos (BImis) kzoIcnpp. F{]Imcsam {]fbns Ayn `qXsf krjvSnphm\p B{Klw \nanw Cuizc {]Xymlmcw sNbvX a\tmSpIqSn BZyw BImis krjvSnpp. AXn\ptijw {Ian hyamb KpWtmSpIqSnb hmbzmZn \mev [mXpsf krjvSnpp. AXmbXv BImin\ptijw hmbp, hmbphn\p tijw An, Anptijw Pew, Pen\p tijw `qan, A{]Imcw icoc{KlWnepw {]hnpXmb Bmhv BZyw BImis kzoIcnpp. AXn\ptijw {Ian hyamb KpWap hmbzmZn \mev [mXpsf kzoIcnpp. Fm Bmhns Cu `qX{KlWsfmw Xs ]camWpcq]amb ImewsImpmIpXmWv.

k Xp kKpWhm K`Xzam]x {]Yta amkn
kwaqnXx k[mXp ImepjoIrXx tJS`qtXm
`hXyhyhn{Klx kZbZv `qXmwKhbh.
9

]alm`qXtfmSpw AhbpsS i_vZmZnKpWtfmSpw tNXmb Bmhv K``mhs {]m]nnv Hmas amkn Fmw IqSntp I^ns BIrXnbn icocw hyamhn[nembncnpw. Cu Ahkcn K`ns AwKmhbh kpw Bbncnmw Akpw Bbncnmw.

ZznXotb amkn L\x kw]ZytX ]nWvU t]iy
_pZw hm. X{X L\x ]pcpjx kv{Xo t]in, A
_pZw \]pwkIw.
10

cmas amkn K`w L\cq]nembnocpp. AXv ]qWvUmIrXnbntem t]iymIrXnbntem A_pXmIrXnbntem Bbncnpw. ]nWvUmIrXnbnemsWn ]pcpj\pw t]iymIrXnbnemsWn kv{Xobpw A_pZmIrXnbnemsWn \]pwkIhpw Bbncnpw.

XrXotb amkn kt{nbmWn kmwKmhbhm
buK]tZy\m`n\nt.
11

aqmas amkn Fm C{nbfpw Fm AwK{]XywKfpw Hcpanp {]ISamIpp.

X{Xmky tI]nZwKmhbhm amXrPmZo\hbhm hn`
Py ]qapm bYmh. alm`qXhnImc {]hn
`mtK\ XznPm\\zaky XmwsshmKmhbhm Imn
, ]cymbmtcWm ]cmwm\p hymJymkymax. am
XrPmZtbmƒ]yky alm`qXhnImcmx, X{XmkymImim
Iw i_vZx t{im{Xw emLhw kuvayw hnth
I. hmbzmIw kv]ix kv]i\w cuyw
t{]cWw [mXphypl\w tNjvSm imcocymx. A
ymIw cq]w Zi\w {]Imix ]ncujvWy
 A_mIw ctkm ck\w ssiXyw amh
kvt\lx tZ ]rYnhymIw Ktm {Lm
Ww Kuchw sscyw aqn.
12

K`n\v amXrPmZnbmbpmIp Nne AwK{]XywKsf hn`Pnnv apv JpWvUoIm K`mh{Imn Aymbn thXpt]mse hnhcnnpv. Fm ChnsS BImimZn ]alm`qXfpsS hnImcns hn`mKsf A\pkcnp B AwKmhbhtfs ]cymb hyXymkneqsS ChnsS hnhcnmw. amXrPmZn `mhfpw B]alm`qXns hnImcXsbmWv. AXn BImins hnImcwi_vZw, t{im{Xw, eLpXm, hnthIw ChbmIpp. hmbphns hnImcwkv]iw, kv]it\{nbw, (Xzv) cqX, t{]cW, [mXpIN\, icoctNjvSI FnhbmIpp. AnbpsS hnImcw  cq]w, Zit\{nbw (Iv), {]Imiw, Pcmn, DjvWw FnhbmIpp. Pens hnImcwKw, {LmWw (aqv), I\w, ncX, aqnXzw FnhbmIpp.

Ghtahw temIknXx ]pcpjx. bmhtm ln tem
tI `mhhntijmkvXmhx ]pcptj, bmhx ]pcp
tj Xmhtm temtIm CXn _p[mkvtXzhw {ZjvSp
ann
13

C{]Imcw ]pcpj temIkZriamIpp. ImcWw Fsmw `mhhntij temIneptm Ahsbmw ]pcpj\nepw Dv. ]pcpj\n Fsmw `mhhntijfptm Ahsbmw temInepw Dv. _pnam\mIs C{]Imcw temInepw Dv. _pnam\mIs C{]Imcw Fmw kaambn ImWphm\m{Klnpp.

Ghatky{nbmWyw Kmhbhm buK]tZy\m`n \n
t A\y{XtXmt`ym `mht`ym tbƒky PmX
tkymcImew Pmbt. XZyYmXm hy\m\n
hyn `mhkvXYm bpm\n Nm]cmtWyjm {]
Xnx, hnIrXnx ]p\ctXmƒ\yYm kn Jezkvan
 Kt`tINn \nXym`mhm, knNv\nXymx tINn
14

C{]Imcw K`ns C{nbfpw AwKmhbhfpw HcpanpmIpp. IqSmsX P\nXn\ptijw av ]e `mhfpw AXp\pmIpp. AXv F{]Imcsam]pI, hy\ AXmbXv kvX\w, IKplymZnIfnse tcmaw, XmSn, aoi, BIrXnhyXymkw apXembhbpw _pymZnI, cq]mZnI, hmIymZnI, ip{ImZnI apXembhbpw P\nXn\ptijw hyamIpp. AXpt]mse Xs Ka\ [mh\mZnIfpw Chsbmw {]IrXymXs AXmXns ImepmIpXmWv, adnv Chsbmw AXmXns ImepmbncnpIbpw Imen\v aptm Imew IgnXn\ptijtam DmIpIbpw sNpXn\v hnIrXn Fv ]dbpp. Fm K`n\v ]d Cu `mhfn Nne `mh (IcNcWmZn Ahbh) \nXyhpw (icocw \npXphsc \inmXpw) Nne `mh (ZmXnI) A\nXyhpw (\inpXpw) BIpp.

Xky tb GhmwKmhbhmx knjvTt, X Gh kv
{XoenwKw ]pcpjenwKw \]pwkIenwKw hm _n{`
Xn. XXx kv{Xo]pcpjtbmtb sshtijnIm `mhm
{][m\kw{ibm KpWkw{ibm, tXjmw btXm `q
bXzw XtXmƒ\yXc`mhx. XZv bYmss_yw `o
cpXasshimcZyw tamtlmƒhm\at[m ZpcpXza
kwl\\w ssiYneyw amhw K`mib_oP`mKkv
XYm bpm\n Nm]cmWn kv{XoIcmWn. AtXm
hn]coXm\n ]pcpjIcmWn, D`b`mKmhbhm k ]pw
kIcmWn.
15

icocns Dhw apX Ahkm\w hsc \np Ahbhw kv{XoenwKhpw ]pcpjenwKhpw \]pwkIenwKhpw BIpp. AXpsImv kv{Xo]pcpjkwtbmKn GsXmcp `mhhntij {][m\ambpw (Bm{ibambpw) KpWm{ibambpw (ip{ItimWnXKX`qXm{ibambpw) \yq\m[nIyapXmbnocppthm AXn\pkcnp ]pcpjkm\hpw kv{Xo km\hpw DmIpp. AXv F{]Imcsam Zp_eX, `ocpXzw, NmXpcyanmbva, tamlw, NnZrVXbnmbva, inYneX, amhw, K`mibw _oP`mKamb CSp`mKmbncnpI, CXpt]mep av kv{XotNjvSIfpw DmbncnpI, Chsbmw K`nWnbn Im kv{Xokm\w P\npXmbncnpw. CXn\v hn]coXambnm AXmbXv k_eX, \n`ocXzw, NXpcX, \ntmlw, XnncX, hbdns ta`mKv KpcpXzw, icocZrVX, ssiYneyanmXncnpI, icocn\v ImTn\yw, K`mibw hep`mKmbncnpI, CXpt]msebp av ]pcpjtNjvSIepw DmbncnpI, CXnt]msebp av ]pcpjtNjvSIfpw DmbncnpI Chsbmw K`nWnbn Im ]pcpjkm\w P\npXmbncnpw. Ch cpw an{inXambnm \]pwkI km\w P\npXmbncnpw.

bky bImetath{nbmWn knjvTt XIme
tahmky tNXkn thZ\m\n_w {]m]vt\mXn.
Xkvam XZm {]`rXnK`x kv]tX {]mb
btX N Pmcm\p`qXanlb Inn XZvssZz
lrZbamNtX hrmx amXrPmky lrZbw am
XrlrZtb \m`nkw_w `hXnckhml\o`nx. X
kvam XtbmkvXm`o`nx kZytX Xssh
ImcWathamWm \ ssZzlrZky hnam\nXw K
`annIpw. hnam\t\lyky hnamtimZrtX
K`ky hnIrXn hm. kam\tbmK tamln XZm
`hXn tIjpNoZtjp amXm. Xkvam {]nb
lnXmt`ymw K`nWow hntitjtWm]Ncn Ipiemx
16

Cu K`n\v GXv kabw apX C{nb {]ISamIppthm B kabw apX a\n kpJ ZpxJfpsS m\w DmIm XpSpXmWv. AXpsImv Atm apX K`w kv]nphm XpSpp. ]qPn A\p`hnnp C{nbhnjbsf B{Klnpp. Cu B{Klw cv lrZbn\npmIpXpsImv ZulrZw Fv hrm ]dbpp. (K`nWnpmIp B{KlnmWv ZulrZbw Fv ]dbpXv ImcWw K` iniphnpmIp B{Kln\pkcnmWv K`nWnm{KlapmIpXv). Cu K`ns amXrP\yamb lrZbw amXmhns lrZbtmSv ckhmln\o \mUnIfneqsS _nsSpp. AXpsImv K`n\pw amXmhn\pw Htc Ahkcn B{Klw DmIpp. Cu ImcWs At]npsImvXs K`nWnbpsS ZulrZs XSsSpcpXv. ImcWw ZulrZs ]qoIcnmXncpm K`w \inpt]mIpItbm hnIrXambntmIpItbm sNpw. Cu Ahkcn K`w Fm{Klnppthm AXv amXmhpw amXmhv Fm{Klnpthm AXv K`hpw B{KlnpXmWv AXpsImv kam K`nWnsb AhcpsS CjvSn\pkcnp Blmc hnlmctfsmp]Ncnpp.

Xkym K`m]t ssZzlrZbky N hnm\m
w enwKm\n kamtkt\m] tZymax. D]Nmc
kwt_m[\w ly ky mt\ tZmjm\ enwK
Xx XkymamZnjvtSm enwtKm]tZix; XZv bYm  B
hmZia\amky kw{khWa\m`nemjivOnctcm
NtImƒImaXm N hntitjW {im {]Wb\tm
mhtNjp `mthjp KpcpKm{XXzw Nptjm m
\ncmekyw kvX\yw kvX\tbmx kvX\aWvUetbm
 ImjvWyw AXyw. izbYx ]mZtbmco
jtma cmPypZvKtam tbm\ymSmeXzanXn Kt`
]cymKtX cq]mWn Zhn.
17

K`nWnbpsS K`{]m]vXnbptSbpw K`ntbpw hnm\mw AhbpsS eWsf Npcpn hnhcnpXcmw. ImcWw ssZzlrZbns m\n\nv DNnXamb D]Nmcm\apmIpw. (K`nWnbpsS BlmchnlmcmZnIfpsS m\apmIpw). D]Nmcm\w eWtfsmpw DmIpw. AXpsImv D]Nmcm\mw eWsf hnhcnpXcmw. AXv F{]ImcsamBhw ImWmXncnpI, hmbn \nv shw HgpIpI, Blmcw IgnpXn B{KlanmXncnpI, On, AcpNn, A]Zmfn B{Klw, hntijnv \m\m{]Imcnep BlmchnlmcmZnIfpsS D\oN`mhn B{KlapmIpI. icocn\v `mcw tXmpI, In\v m\n, Bekyw, kvX\fn kvX\yw {]ISamIpI, NppIpw kvX\aWvUepw AXnbmb IdpphapmIpI, ImepIv Aev]mev]w \ocpmhpI, hbdn tcmamhenbpmIpI, tbm\nhnkvXrXamIpI Ch K`w [cnXns eWfmIpp.

km bZv bZnt XZssky ZZymZ\y{X Kt`m
]LmX Itct`ym`mth`yx. Kt`m]LmXIcmkvXznta
`mhmx. XZv bYm ktaXnKpcqjvW XovWmw
ZmcpW tNjvSx. Camwm\ym\p]Znin hr
m. tZhXmctmƒ\pcN ]cncWmw \ c.
m\n hmkmwkn _n`rbm \ aZIcmWn aZym\y
`yhltc \ bm\a[ntcmtl. \ amwkaiv\obm
kt{nb {]XnIqemw `mhm ZpcXx ]cnh
tb. bm\yZ]n Inn kv{XntbmhnZypx.
Xo{hmbmp Jep {]m\mbmw ImaalnXa]y
sskylntXt\m] kwlnXw {]ZZym {]m\m
kmcWmn hmbpx Ip]ntXmƒx icoca\pNc
 K`kym]Zyam\ky hn\miw sshcq]yw hm Ipcym
18

K`nWn GtXXv B{Klnppthm AsXmw sImSpWw. Fm K`\mIcambncnpsXmpw sImSpcpXv. K`\miIcamb `mh ChsbmamIpp. AXpKpcphpw AXypjvWhpamb Fm Blmchnlmcfpw ZmcpWamb tNjvSIfpw K`nWn hnWw. IqSmsX hrP\ D]tZinpXnhsbmamIpp. tZhX, cmkmcpsS A\pNcm Fnhcn\np cmbn Nph hkv{X [cncpXv. aZapmp A]m\ IgncpXv. IpXnc apXembhbpsS ]pdtm hml\fntem bm{XsNcpXv. amkw XncpXv, Npx t{im{XmZn Fm C{nbtfbpw {]XnIqeambn _m[np Fm `mhtfbpw F{Xbpw Zqcmbn AIn\nWw. IqSmsX Adnhp hrI GsXmw K`lm\nIcamsWv ]dbppthm Ahsbmw K`nWn hnWw. K`nWnv GsXnepw Hcp hkvXphn Xo{hamb B{Klapsn AXv AlnXambmt]mepw lnXambXnt\mSv IqSntp B{Klw ]qnbmnsmSpWw. ImcWw K`nWnbpsS Xo{hamb B{Kls XSm hmbp tIm]npw. B tIm]n hmbp icoc`mKv kcnp K`s \innpItbm AYhm K`n\v tIm]w DmpItbm sNpw.

NXpt amtk ncXzam]ZytX K`x, Xkvam
 XZm K`nWn KpcpKm{XXzam]ZytX, hntitjW
19

\memas amkn K`w ncXzapXmbnocpp. AXpsImv Atm K`nWnbpsS icocn\v hntijnpw IqSpX `mcapmbncnpw.

]ta amtk K`ky amwktimWntXm]Ntbm `h
Xy[nIat\ymt`ym amwtk`yx, XkvamZv K`nWo XZm
Imiyam]ZytX. hntitjW.
20

Amas amkn av amksf At]nv K`n\v amwkhpw chpw IqSpX hnpXmbncnpw. AXpsImv Atm K`nWnbpsS icocw hntijnv saenbpXmbncnpw.

Amas amkn amwkhpw chpw hnpI \nanw K`ns ssIImepI NennpXmbncnpw. B Ne\w K`nWnv kv]jvSambn A\p`hsSpIbpw sNpw. Cu Ahkcn sshZy\v XkvtImns (Stethoscope) klmbm K`ns lrZbkv]\w tIm IgnbpXmWv. lrZbkv]\w Hcp an\nn 120 apX 140hsc Bbncnpw. BIpnbn anhmdpw lrZbkv]\w 130 IpdbpX. s]Ipnbn anhmdpw lrZbkv]\w 130 IqSpXpa. Nne ImcWsImv lrZbkv]\w IqSpItbm IpdbpItbm sNpXmWv. K` inip ssIImepI IqSpXembn Nennptm lrZbkv]\w IqSpXmbncnpw. inip K`mibn hfpXncnp t]mIpItbm K`\mfnbn Aapt]mIpItbm sNbvXm lrZbkv]\w IpdbpXmbncnpw. K` iniphns kvImnbn \npw ]mipImnbn\npamWv kv]\w IqSpXembn a\nemm IgnbpI. km[mcW\nebn CXv K`nWnbpsS \m`nbnepw hmahw WmnbpsS XmgpshpamWv tIm IgnbpI, lrZbkv]\w \qdn IpdbpItbm \qnn IqSpItbm sNbvXm iniphns Poh\v FtmXIcmdpsv a\nemWw.

jjvtT amtk K`ky _ehtm]Ntbm `hXy[n
Iat\yt`ym amtk`yx, Xkvam XZm K`nWn _e
hlm\nam]ZytX. hntitjW.
21

Bdmas amkn K`n\v av amksf At]nv amwkhpw chpw IqSpX hnpXmbncnpw. AXpsImv Atm K`nWnbpsS _en\pw hn\pw hntijnv lm\nkw`hnpXmbncnpw.

k]vXta amtk klkm k`msshcm]ymbtX K
`x Xkvam XZm K`nWn ImXam `hXn.
22

Ggmas amkn K`ns Fm AwK{]XywKmZn `mhfpw hnpXmbncnpw. AXpsImv Atm K`nWn Ghpw oWaphfmbncnpw.

AjvSta amtk K` amXrtXm K` amXm
cklmcnWo`nx kmhmln\o`nx aplpplptcmPx ]
ckv]cX BZZmXn K`ky kqXzm Xkvam
 XZm K`nWn aplpaplpapZxbpm. `hXn
aplpplp mt\m, XYm N K`x Xkvam X
Zm K`ky Phym]naZv `hXy[nImamPtkmƒ\
enXXzm. Xsshma`nkaoymjvSaw
amkaKWyanXymNtX Ipiemx.
23

Fmas amkn amXmhnevU\nv K`hpw K`n\nv amXmhpw amXrlrZbhpambn _ns ckhlnao \mUnI hgnbmbn HmPv IqSqsS ]ckv]cw kzoIcnsSpp. Cns\ HmPns\ ]ckv]cw kzoIcnsSpp. Cns\ HmPns\ ]ckv]cw kzoIcnsSpXv K`w ]qamImXpsImmWv. (K`w ]qambm amXmhns HmPv K`w kzoIcnm amXmhn\pw K`ns HmPv amXmhv kzoIcnm K`n\pw \miw kw`hnpXmWv.) Ans\ ]ckv]cw HmPv kzoIcnpXpsImv K`nWn CSbvnSbvv {]kambpw CSbvnSbvv oWnXambpw Xocpp. AXpt]mseXs K`hpw (AXmbXv K`nWn HmPv kzoIcnptm {]kambpw Atm K`nWn oWnXambpw Xocpp. AXpsImv Cu Ahkcn K`ns Pw D]{ZhIcambncnpw. ImcWw HmPv ncampsImv. (AXmbXv Fmas amkw {]khnpIbmsWn {]khnptm HmPv iniphnemsWn iniphn\pw lm\nIcambncnpw). C{]Imcw ImWpXpsImv Fmas amkw {]khn\v DNnXamb Imeasv kamcmb sshZym IWmsSpp.

XkvantI ZnhkmXn{Imtƒ]n \haw amkap]m
Zmb {]k\Ime anXymlpcmZzmZiamkm GXmhm {]
khImex, sshImcnIaXx ]cw Ipu m\w K
`ky.
24

Fvamkw Ignp Hcp Znhkw Ignmepw AXmbXv HXmwamkmcw`w apX 12 amkw hsc {]khImeamsWv ]dbpp. B {]khImen\ptijw K`w K`mibn \npIbmsWn AXv sshImcnI K`amsWv a\nemWw.

km[mcWbmbn {]khImew IphcpXv 260 apX 260  hscbp ZnhkfnemWv. GXm\pw NneXv CXn\nv ]tm ]Xn\tm Znhkw IqSnbpw Ipdvpw Isp hcmw. Fm 240 Znhkw Fnbnv {]khn Ipnv ]cn]q hfbpXmbn ImWppv. kp{ipXnepw ]dncnpXv 8amkw Ignm kqXnImKrln {]thinnWsamWv. ChnsS 12 amkw hsc ]dncnpXv Amev \Snep N{amkIWtm atm BbncnWw. Ctm F{X IqSnbmepw 300Znhkn IqSpX t]mIpXv hfsc Ipdhmbncnpw.

Ghaba\bm\p]qhym`n \ntXIpu
25

C{]Imcw Cu K`w Cu {IanemWv K`mibn {]ISamIpXv.

am{XmZo\mwXp Jep K`IcmWm `mh\m kZkv
XZm hrkujvThmamXrssthm]kvt\tlm
]tkzZm`ymw Ime]cnWmam kz`mh kwknt
Ipu hrnw {]m]vt\mXn
26

amXm]nXmZn 6 K`Ic `mh t{ijvSKpWbpambmepw amXmhns BlmcmhnlmcmZn Daamb BNmcw sImpw amXmhn \np Inp D]kvt\l D]tkzZwsImpw Ime]cnWmaw sImpw kz`mhkwknn sImpw K`w K`mibn hrnsb {]m]npp.

D]kvt\lsam amXmhn \nv Inp ckcmZn t]mjIfpw D]tkzZsam amXmhns icocm`mKp NqSpw BIpp.

am{XmZo\mtah Xp Jep K`IcmWmw `mh\m hym]n \nanakymP `hXn.
27

amXm]mXmZn Bdv K`Ic `mhfpsS hym]n \nanw Kt`m]mZ\w DmIpn.

tbXky Ipu hrntlXp kamJymXm `mhmkv
tXjmw hn]cymXpZtchn\miam]ZytX ƒYhm]yNnc
PmXx kym.
28

K`mibn shp K`ns hfpw ImcWambnd `mhv hn]bw kw`hnm K`w DZcnshp \inpt]mIpItbm AYhm ImesamsX {]khnp t]mhpItbm sNpw.

bXkvXp Imvt\\y Ahn\iy hnIrXnam]
ZytX XZ\p hymJymkymax. bZm kv{Xnbm tZmj
{]tIm]Wm\ymtkham\mb tZmjmx {]Ip]nXmx i
cocap]kx timWnXK`mitbm]LmXmtbm]
]Zyt, \ N Imvt\y\ timWna`mibu Zq
jbn, XtZbw K`w eZtX, XYm K`ky Xky
amXrP\mamhbmh\ma\yXtam ƒhbthmhnIrXnta
tIm ƒt\tIm ƒYt]m]]ZytX. bkybky lrhbhky
_oP`mtK tZmjmx {]tIm]am]yZyt Xw Xahbhw
hnIrXncmhniXn. bZm lrkymx timWnXK`mib
_oP`mKx {]tZmjam]]ytZ XtZbw hymw P\
bXn. bZm ]p\ckymx timWnXK`mib _oP`mKm
hbhx {]tZmjam]ZytX XZm ]qXn{]PmP\bXn.
bYm Xzkymx timWnXK`mib _oP`mKmhbhx kv
{XnImcW_oP`mK\mtaItZix {]tZmjam]Zy
tX, XZm kvXymIrXn`qbnjvTmakv{Xb, hmmw
\ma P\bXo Xmwkv{Xo hym]ZamNtX.
29

FpsImv K`w ]qambpw \inpt]mImsX hnIrXambntmIpp Fv hnhcnpXcmw. Ftm tZmj{]tIm]Wn\v ]d ImcW ioenpI\nanw tZmj tIm]np kv{XobpsS icocn hym]np c(Unw_)nepw K`mibnepw Fntp ]qambpw ctbpw K`mibtbpw ZpjnnmsXbncnpIbpw B Ahkcn kv{Xo K`w [cnpIbpw sNbvXm Atm kv{Xov Hchbhnt\m At\Iw Ahbhtm hnIrXn kw`hnpXmbm kv{XobpsS GtXXhbhnmtWm tZmj{]tIm]apmbncnpXv B Ahbhn\v _oPnt\m AYhm _oPmwKnt\m tZmj{]tIm]w DmIpp. _oPmwKn GtXXhbhn\v tZmjtIm]apmIppthm AXmXhbhw hnIrXambnocpp. Ftm kv{XobpsS cn (Unw_n) K`mib _oP`mKw tZmjbpambnocppthm Atm B _oPw hysb P\nnpp. (B {]P hybmbn P\npp) Ftm kv{XobpsS cn (Unw_n) K`mib _oPns Hcwiw ZpjnsSppthm Atm B _oPw Zpap {]Psb P\nnpp. Ftm kv{XobpsS cn (Unw_n) K`mib _oP`mKhbhhpw kv{XobmbnotcXmb icoc_oP`mKns Hcp ehpw ZpjnsSppthm Atm `qcn`mKhpw kv{XobpsS BIrXnbnepw kv{Xobsv ]dbmhpXpw (\]pwkIw) Bb {]Psb P\nnpp. AXns\ kv{Xo hym]Xv Fv ]dbpp. ImcWw CXv kv{XobpsS Bh ZpjvSnsImpmIpXmIpp.

Ghtah ]pcpjky _oPtZmj ]nXrPmhbh hnIr
Xnw hnZym. bZm icotc _oP`mKx {]tZmjam]Zy
tX, IZm hyw P\bXn. bZmlyky _otP _o
P`mKmhbhx {]tZmjam]ZytX XZm ]qXn{]Pmw P\
bXn. bZmXzky _otP _oP`mKmhbhx ]pcpjIm
cWm _oP`mKm\maItZix {]t`mjam]ZytX, X
Zm ]pcpjmIrXn`qbnjvTa]pcpjw XrW]qenIw k
\ma P\bXn Xmw ]pcpj hym]ZamNtX.
30

kv{XobpsS ctZmjn ]dXpt]mse Xs Ftm ]pcpjs _oPnevU _oP`mKw {]I]nXamIsSppthm Atm B _oPw hysb P\nnpp. Ftm ]pcpjs _oPn _oP`mKmhbhw {]Ip]nXamIppthm Atm B _oPw ]qXn{]Psb P\nnpp. Ftm ]pcpjs _oPn _oP`mKmhbhhpw ]pcpj\mbn P\ntp icoc _oP`mKns Hcp `mKhpw ZpjnsSppthm Atm `qcn`mKw ]pcpjmIrXnbmb ]pcpjs\ AXmbXv XrW]qenIw Fv ]dbpp \]pwkIs P\nnpp. AXns\ ]pcpjhym]v Fv ]dbpp, ImcWw AXv _oPtZmjw sImpmIpXmIpp.

GtX\ amXrPm\mw ]nXrPm\mw Xmhbhm\mw hnIr
Xn hymYymt\\ kmyPm\mw ckPm\mw kXzmPm
\mw Nmhbhm\mw hnIrXnhymJymXm.
31

amXrP\yambpw ]pXrP\yambpw Ahbhv hnIrXnbpmIpsav ]dXpt]mseXs kmyP\yambpw ckP\yambpw kXzP\yambpw Ahbhv hnIrXnbpmIpsav ]dtbXmWv.

\nnImcx ]ckvXzmm k`qXm\mw \nnti
jx kXzicoctbmkvXp hntijm hntitjm]
e_v[nx.
32

DIrjvSamb BmhmIs hnImc clnIamIpp. AXv Fm PohnIfnepw HmIpp. a\ntbpw icocnsbpw `nXsImv AXnv _n{]XnXnbpmIpXmWv.

X{X {XbkvXp imcoctZmjm hmX]ntjvamW
kvtX icocw Zqjbn Zzu ]p\x kXztZmju cP
kvXa, Xu kXzw ZqjbXx. Xm`ymw kXz ico
cm`ymw ZpjvSm`ymw hnIrXcq]wPmbtX, t\m]PmbtX
Nm ZpjvSm`ymw.
33

icoctZmjamIs aqmIpp. 1. hmXw, 2. ]nw, 3. I^w Ah icocs Zpjnnpp. a\n\v cv tZmjapmIpp. 1. cmPkw, 2. Xmakw AXv cpw a\ns\ Zpjnnpp. a\pw icochpw Zpjncvcpnsn hnIrXnbpw DmIpX.

X{X icocw tbm\nhntijmXpn[ap at{K.

tbm\nt`ZwsImv icocw \mephn[nemsWv apv ]dnpv. tkzZPw, AWvUPw, PcmbpPw, DZv`nPw CXn.

{Xnhn[w Jep kXzw, ipw, cmPkw XmakanXn
X{Xip atZmjamJymXw IeymWmwiXzm cmP
kw ktZmjamJymXw tcmjmwiXzm. XYm Xmaka
]n ktZmjamJymXw tamlmwiXzm.
35

a\v aqv hn[nemIpp. ipw, cmPkw, Xmakw. CXnevU ipa\v (kXzKpWw) tZmjclnXamIpp. ImcWw CXn IeymWtbmKw DXpsImv. cmPka\v (ctPmKpWw) tZmjbpamIpp. ImcWw CXnevU tcmj`mKw DXpsImv. AXpt]mseXs Xmaka\pw (XtamKpWv) tZmjbpamIpp. AXn taml`wKw DXpsImv.

tXjmp {XbmWmaNn kXzm\mtassIIky t`Zm{K
a]cn kwtJybw XcXa tbmKmcoc tbm\n hn
titjZymt\ym\ym\phn[m\Xzm. icocw ln k
kza\phn[obtX, kXz icocw. Xkvam IXn
Ytahm\p hymJymkymax.
36

B aqphn[ a\nmIs Hmtcmn\pw AkwJyw hyXymkfpv. XcXat`Zw \nanw (ipXcw, ipXaw CXymZn) am{Xa icoctbm\n hyXymkwsImpw a\v icocn\v A\pcq]ambXpsImpw a\v AkwJyw hyXymkapXmIpp. (a\pjy, arKw, ]n FnXymZnbmWv tbm\nt`Zw. AXnXs arKfn ]ip, BSv, am FnXymXnbmbpw ]nIfn abn, tImgn, Ipbn FnXymZnbmbpw tbm\nt`Zfpv. C{]Imcw temInep PohnIfpsS tbm\nhyXymkw AkwJyamIpp). icocw a\ns A\pcq]hpw a\v icocns A\pcq]hpamIpp. (F{Xhn[n icocaptm A{Xbpw hn[n a\psw). AXpsImv a\ns apgph hyXymktbpw hnhcnm IgnbpX. a\ns hyXymks kmZriy\ntiwsImv \nZi\mw hnhcnpXcmw.

XZvbYmipNnw kXym`nknw PnXmm\w kw
hn`mKn\w m\hnm\ hN\ {]XnhN\iIv
Xn kw karXnaw Imat{Im[ tem` tamtl
jym ljmt]Xw kaw k `qtXjp {_myw
hnZym.
37

Npcpnep kXzeWw F{]Imcsam 1. {_mkXzw  ipNnkXy{]Xn, B\nb{Ww, ImcyImcyhnthN\w, m\hnm\hN\w, {]XnhN\in kX ChbpsXmw kvarXnam\pw Imaw, t{Im[w, tem`w, am\w, tamlw, Cujy, ljw. Aajw Ahbnmh\pw kPohnIfnepw kaZrjvSnbph\pw {_mkXzhm\msWdnbWw. {_mkXzeWw kp{iptX iuNamkvXnIya`ymtkm thtZjvS Kpcp]qP\w. {]nbmXnYnXzaoPym N {_Imbky eWw CXn.

CPym[yb\ {hX {_Ncy ]caXnYn{hX ap]
im aZam\ cmKvtZzj tem` taml tcmjw {]Xn`m
hN\ hnmt\m] [mcWin kamjw
hnZym.
38

2. BjkXzw bw, kzmymbw, {hXw, tlmaw, {_Ncy, AXnYn]qP Chbph\pw, aZw, am\w, cmKw, tZzjw, tamlw, tem`w, tcmjw Ch ianh\pw hmn {]Xn`bph\pw hnm\hpw [mcWmin kXbpw Dh\pw BjkXzhm\msWdnbWw. BjkXzaWw kp{iptX. P]{hX {_Ncy tlmamyb\ tkhn\w m\hnm\ karjnkXzw \cw hnZpx CXn.

sFizcyhamtZbhmIyw bPzm\w iqctamPkzn\w tX
Ptkmt]XanjvS ImWw ZoLZin\a [
Imam`ncXssa{w hnZym.
39

3. sF{kXzw sFizcyhm\pw hmv ]dm kzoIcnm ]ph\pw bmKw sNph\pw iqcXbpw HmPpw Dh\pw tXPtmSp IqSobh\pw \nyamb Iw sNmh\pw ZoLZinbpw [mImafn A`ncpNnbph\pw sF{kXzhm\msWdnbWw. C{kXzeWw kp{iptX amlmyw iucyamm] kXXw imkv{X _pnXm. `rXym\mw `cWw Nm]n atl{w ImbeWw CXn.

teJmhrw {]m]vXImcpW akwlmcyapm
\hw kvarXnhssaizcym ew_n\w hy]KX cm
tKjym tZzjtamlw bmayw hnZym.
40

4 bmaykXzw Ihym IhyacymZbph\pw bpamb Iw sNph\pw {]lmctaev]nm Ignbmh\pw DZyanbpw kvarXnam\pw sFizcyhm\pw cmKtZzjtamlfnmh\pw bmay kXzhm\msWdnbWw. kp{iptX {]m]vXImcoZrtVmmt\m \n`bx kvarXnam ipNnx. cmKtam laZtZzssj hntXm bmaykXzhm CXn.

iqcw [ocw ipNnaipNn tZzjnWw bP\awt`m hn
lmcmXnnjvS ImWw m\tIm] {]kmZw
hmcpw hnZym.
41

5. hmcpWkXzw iucyw, ss[cyw, ipNnbnepw AipNnbnepw shdpv, bw, Pe{IoUbn {]oXn, \nnXIw sNmXncnpI, tIm]nt m\v tIm]hpw {]kamtI m\v {]kXbpw DmIpI FnhtbmSpIqSnbh hmcpW kXzamsWdnbWw. kp{iptX ioXtkhm klnjvWpXzw ss]wKeywlcntIiXm. {]nXhmZznXz antXyXZzmcpWw ImbeWw CXn.

m\at\m]t`mKw ]cnhmc kw kpJhnlmcw
[m [ Ima\nXyw ipNnw hytIm] {]km
Zw Iut_cw hnZym.
42

6. Iut_ckXzw m\w (`qan apXembh) am\w, D]t`mKw (Luxury), ]cnhmc (]p{X]u{XmZn) kw, kpJhnlmcw, Ftmgpw [mImaXev]cX, ipNn, hyamb tIm]w, hyamb {]kmZw ChtbmSpIqSnbh Iut_ckXzamsWdnbWw. kv{iptX ayXm klnjvWpXzakymKakbu. alm{]kh inXzw Iut_cw ImbeWw CXn.

{]nb\rXy KoXhmZnt{Xmm]Iw tmImJymbntIXn
lmk ]pcmtWjp Ipiew KamJym\p te]\nN
k\ kv{Xohnlmc Ima\nXya\ kqbIw Km
w hnZym.
43

7. KmkXzw \rw, ]mv, hmZyw, kvt{Xm{Xw Ch {]nbIcambncnpI, tmIw, IY, CXnlmkw, ]pcmWw Chbn kmayapmIpI, kpK{Zhyw, ame, Idn, hkv{Xw, kv{Xotkh Chbn Ftmgpw Xev]c\mbncnpI, Akqb CmXncnpI ChtbmSp IqSnbh KmkXzhm\msWdnbWw. Kamey {]nbXmw N \rXyhmZn{XImanXm. hnlmcioeXm ssNh Kmw ImbeWw CXn kp{iptX.

CtXyhw ipkXzmky k]vXhn[w t`Zmwiw hnZym
 mbWmwimXzm. XkwtbmKm Xp {_my
aXy ipw hrhtky.
44

IeymWmiXzw \nanw Cu Ggv hn[ kXzt`Zfpw ipkXzntXmsWdnbWw. IeymW`mKns kaytKymKw \nanw {_kXzw AXyw ipamsWdnbWw.

iocw NWvUa kqbI ssaizcyhauZcnIw cu{Za
\\p t{ImiIam]qPIamkpcw hnZym.
45

cmPk kXzt`Zw 1. BkpckXzw  iucyw, Xq{ht{Im[w, Akqb, sFizcyw, cmKtZzjw, cu{Zw, \nb, B]qP Chbph Bkpc kXzhm\msWdnbWw. BkpckXz eWw kp{iptX sFizcyhw cu{Zw N iqcw NWvUakqbIw GImin\w NuZcnIamkpcw kXzaoZriw CXn.

AajWa\p_ tIm]w On{Z{]lmcnWw {Iqc
amlmcaXn am{XcpNn amanj {]nbXaw kz]v\mbm
k _lpeaojyw cmkw hnZym.
46

2. cmmkXzw Aajw, XpSbmb tIm]w, Hgnhv t\mn {]lcnpI, {IqcX, Blmcn AXnbmb A`ncpNn, amwk{]nbw, AXnbmb Ddv, AXnbmb ]cn{iaw, Cujy ChtbmSpIqSnbhs\ cmk kXzhm\msWdnbWw. kp{iptX GssIkvX {KmlnXm cu{Zakqbm [_mlyXm. `riam{Xw Xam]n cmkwImb eWw CXn.

almekw kvss{XWw kv{XoclkvIma aipNnw ip
NntZzjnWmw `ocpw `ojbnXmcw hnlmcioew ss]
imNw hnZym.
47

3. ss]imNkXzw alm Aek\mbncnpI, kv{Xov hiwhZ\mhpI, kv{XotbmSpIqSn clkyambn Xmaknphm\m{KlnpI, AipNnbmbncnpI, ipNnsb shdppI, `ocphmbncnpI, aphsc `bsSpI, hnIrXamb Blmchnlmcioew Ch ss]imNkXz eWamsWdnbWw. kp{iptX DnjvTmlmcXm ssXvWyw kmlk{]nbXm XYm. kv{Xotemep]Xzw ss\eyw ss]imNw Imb eWw CXn.

{Ip iqca{Ip `ocpw XovWambmk _lp
ew a{kptKmNcw B{lhnlmc]cw kw hnZym.
48

4. kkXzw t{Im[w hcptm iqc\pw t{Im[anmXncnptm `ocphpw BbncnpI, XovWX, IqSpX ]cn{iaioew, `bpsImp hnjbioew, Blmchnlmc Xev]cX ChtbmSp IqSnbhs\ k kXzhm\msWdnbWw. kp{iptX XovWambmkn\w `ocpw NWvUw ambm\znXw XYm. hnlmcmNmcN]ew kXzw hnZpcw CXn.

BlmcImaaXn ZpxJ inemNmtcm]Nmc akqbIa kw
hn`mKn\aXntemep] Iioew ss{]Xw hnZym.
49

5. t{]XkXzw Blmcn AXnbmb B{Klw, AXnZpxJapmp ioemNmtcm]Nmc Akqb, ImcymImcy hnthI hnm\ iq\yX, AXntem`w, AIioew Chbph t{]XkXzhm\msWdnbWw. kp{iptX Akwhn`mlaekw ZpxJioeakqbIw. temep] Nm]yZmXmcw t{]XkXzw hnZpcw CXn.

A\pj ImaaP{kamlmchnlmc]ca\hkv
YoXaajnW akbw imIp\w hnZym.
50

6. iIp\kXzw \nccImaw, Ftmgpw BlmchnlmcXev]cX, Hnepw ncXbnmXncnpI, AklnjvWpX, Hpw tiJcnpshmXncnpI Ch iIp\ kXz eWamsWdnbWw. kp{iptX {]hrImatkhoNm]yP{kmlmc GhN. AajtWmƒ\hmbo imIp\w ImbeWw CXn.

XptXyhw Jep cmPkky kXzky jUv hn[w t`Zmw
iw hnZym tcmjmwiXzm.
51

Cu Bdvhn[ kXzt`Zw tcmj`mKw IqSnbXmbncnpI \nanw cmPkamsWdnbWw.

\ncmIcnjvWp a[athiw PqKp]vknXmNmcmlmtc hn
lmc ssaYp\]cw kz]v\ioew ]mihw hnZym.
52

Xmak kXzt`Zw]ipkXzwFnt\bpw \ncmIcnp kz`mhw, A[athjw AYhm AYa{]thiw, \nnXamb BlmcmNmcw Ftmgpw ssaYp\n Xmev]cyw, kZm DdnsmncnpI Ch ]ipkXz eWamsWdnbWw. kp{iptX Zpt[kvXzw aXmN kz]v\ssaYp\ \nXyXm \ncmIcnjvWpXmssNh hntbmx ]mihm KpWmx CXn.

`ocpa_p[amlmc ep_v[ a\hnX a\pj
Imat{Im[w kcWioew tXmb Imaw amkyw hnZym.
53

2. aykXzw  `ocpXzw, AdnhnmbvI, Blmcn tem`w, AncNnw, Ftmgpw Imahpw t{Im[hpw DmbncnpI, Npnkcnp ioew, shn B{Klw Chbph ay kXzhm\msWdnbWw. kp{iptX A\hnXm auJyw `ocpXzw kenemnXm. ]ckv]cm`na aykXzmkp eWw CXn.

Aekw tIhea`n\nhnjvSamlmtc k_pywK
lo\w hm\kv]Xyw hnZym.
54

3. hm\kv]Xy kXzw  AekX, tIhew Blmcn am{Xw B{Klw Hcp hn[nep Adnhpw CmXncnpI Cs\bp ]pcpj hm\kv]Xy kXzhm\msWdnbWw, kp{iptX GI\c\n\nXyamlmtc tIhtecXx hm\kv]tXy\cx kXz[ImamhnXx CXn.

CtXyhw Jep Xmakky kXmky{Xnhn[w t`Zmwiw
hnZymtamlmwiXzm.
55

C{]ImcamWv Xm\k kXzns aqphn[ t`Zmwiw FdnbWw. ImcWw CXn taml`mKw DXpsImv.

CXy]cnkwtJybt`Zm\mw Jep {XbmWma]n kXzm
\mw t`ssZItZtim hymJymXmx. ipky kXzky
k]vX\nt[m {_ljn i{IhcpW ba Ipt_
c KkXzm\pImtcW. cmPkky jUvhnt[m
ssZXy cmk ]nimN k t{]X iIp\n kXzm
\pImtcW Xmakky {Xnhn[x ]ip ay h\
kv]Xn kXzm\pImcW. IY bYmkXzap]Nm
cx kymZnXn. tIhembapttim btYmtia
`n \nnjvtSm `hXn. K`mh{Imn kw{]bp
kymky hnmt\ kmayw K`Ic
Wm `mhm\ma\p kam[n hnLmX hnLmXI
cmWmw `mhm\manXn.
56

Cu ]d aqv kXzfpsS t`Z AkwJyamsWnepw AhbpsS t`Z GXm\pw `mKw hnhcnsp. ipkXzns t`Z {_jn  ip{I  hcpW  ba  Ipt_c  KkXz\pkcnv Fgv hn[nemIpp. cmPkXzt`Z ssZXy  cmk  ]nimN  k  t{]X  iIp\o kXz\pkcnv Bdv hn[nemIpp. XmakkXzns aqv hn[t`Z ]ip  ay  h\kv]Xn kXz\pkcnmIpp. kXzn\pkcnp D]Nmcw Fns\bmbncnWw FpXns\ Dtinpam{XamWv Cu K`mh{Imnbn C{]Imcw hnhcnsncnpXv. Cu hnjbw icnv a\nemphm Ignm K`Ic `mhsf kzoIcnphm\pw K`\miI`mhsf XyPnphm\pw IgnbpXmWv.

X{XtmIx 
\nanamm {]IrXnhrnx Ipu {ItaW N
hrntlXp K`ky ]mmx ip`kwnXmx
57

K`ns \nanw, Bmhv, K`ns {]IrXn, K`mibn {Ianep hf, K`mibns hfp ImcWw Fo Av `mh ip`amsWv ]dbsSpp.

A\n N tbm tlXp hn\mti hnIrXmh]n
Camw kv{Xo\ip`m `mhm\clp K`hnLmXIw
58

K`w DmImXncnphm\p ImcWw, K`ns hn\miImcWw K`w hnIrXamIphm\p ImcWw Cu aqv Aip` `mhsf K` hnLmX Fv ]dbpp.

ip`mip` kaJymXm\jvSu `mhm\nam `njIv
kYm thZ bx km k cmx IpalXn
Ahm]vXyp]mbm K`ky k Ghw mXpalXn
tb N K`hnLmtXmm `mhmkvXmwm]ypZmc[ox

Cu ]d Fp ip`mip` `mhsf GXv sshZy Ftmgpw a\nemppthm Ah cmPmhn\v NnInnphm Al\mIpp. B _pnam Xs K`{]m]vXnp D]mbtfbpw AXpt]mse Xs K`hn\min\p `mhtfbpw Adnbphm\pw tbmKy\mIpp.

CXynthiIrtX Xt{ NcI{]XnkwkvIrtX
imcocmt\ alXn K`mh{Imn imcocw
\ma NXptmƒ[ymbx.

tmI :