chaper2

Aymbw 2

AXpeytKm{Xobw imcocw

tmI :

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16-30

31-45

k kKx kicoc`r
khnizImk N hnizcq]x
k tNX\m[mXp cXo{nb
k\nXybpm\pibx k Ghx
31

B Bmhv kKmanbpw kicoctbpw `cnph\pamWv. Ah hnizImhpw hnizcq]\pamWv. Ah tNX\m[mXphpw C{nbsfsmdnbm Ignbmh\pamWv. Ah Ftmgpw at\m_pymXnIfn \nv hnm tamambn) AhXsbmWv cmKtZzjm[nItfmSv IqSnbncnpXv AXmbXv Ftm Bmhv tIhe kzcq]ambnocppthm Atm cmKtZzjm[nI DmIpX.

ckmamXm ]nXrkw`hm\n
`qXm\n hnZymi jSvNtZtl
NXzmcn X{Xm\n kw{inXm\n
nXkvXYmm N NXpjp tXjp
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icocn ckPw, BPw, amXrPw, ]nXrPw Fo t`tZ\ \mev `qX ]Xn\mdphn[nemsWdnbWw. (1. amXrP]rYnhn, 2. ]nXrP]rYnhn, 3. BlmcP]rYnhn, 4. IP]rYnhn, 5. amXrew, 6. ]pXrPew, 7. BlmcPew, 8. IPew, 9. amXrPAn, 10. ]pXrPAn, 11. BlmcPAn, 12. IPAn, 13. amXrPhmbp, 14. ]nXrPhmbp, 15. BlmcPhmbp, 16. IPhmbp) Cu \mev `qXfpw Bmhns\ B{ibnp \npp Bmhv Cu \mev `qXsfbpw B{ibnp \npIbpw sNpp.

`qXm\n amXm]nXr kw`hm\n
cP ip{IwN hZnKt`
B]ymtX ip{IakrIv N `qssX
sscykvXm\n`qXm\n ctkmZv `hm\n
`qXm\n NXzmcn Xp IPm\n
bm\ymeo\m\n hninK`w
k _oPLmly]cm]cmWo
tZlmcmWym\nbmXn bmXn
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K`n amXmhn\mepmIp \mev `qXv cPspw ]nXmhn\mepmIp \mev `qXv ipsapw ]dbpp. iphpw cPpw GXv \mev `qXsfsmv hfcppthm Ahbvv ckPw Fv ]dbpp. Iamb (]qPIrX ip`mip`^eP\yamb) \mev `qX BmthmSv tNp\npXpw K`tmSp IqSnb B `qXmmhmIs Bmhv Hcp tZlw hnv asmcp tZln {]thinptm HcpanpXs t]mbn Hmtcm tZlnepw {]thinpXmIpp.

cq]mZzncq]{]`hx {]knx
ImIm\mw a\tkm a\kvXx
`hntb XzmIrXn_pnt`Zm
cPkvXax I]X{XtlXpx
35

IP\yamb `qXfpsS cq]n\nv cqt]mev]nbpmIpp. C{]Imcw ]qPn a\v F{]Imcambncppthm A{]Imcw Xs a\pmIpp. a\ns BIrXnt`Zn\pw _pnbpsS BIrXnt`Zn\pw ImcWw cPkvXtam KpWfpw Ihpw BIpp.

AXn{nssbkvssXcXo kqvacqss]
cmmIZmNnhnbpcq]x
\ IWm ss\h at\maXn`ymw
\ ]m]ylmchnImc tZmssjx
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Bmhv AXnkqvaambncnp AXo{nbamb ]`qXfn \nv Hcpepw (tamn\v apv) hnp \np cq]a. Bmhv In \npw a\n \npw _pnbn \npw hnp \npX. Almcn \npw hnImctZmjfn \npw (C{nb hnjbfn \npw) Bmhv hnp\npX. AXmbXv Cu ]dhbn \nsmpw tamn\v apv Bmhv hnp\npX.

cPkvXam`ymp at\mƒ\p_w
m\whn\m X{X ln ktZmjmx
KXn{]hrtymkvXp \nanbpw
a\x ktZmjw _ehI
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a\v Ftmgpw cPkvXtam KpWtfmSv _sp \npXmIpp. Fm bYmm\w DmImtStmfw Imew a\v ktZmjambncnpw. tZmjbpamb a\pw _ehmb I^ehpw Hcp tZln\nv asmcp tZlntep Ka\ {]hrnbmmIs ImcWhpamIpp.

tcmKx IrXx kwia\w Intajmw
ljky timIky N Inw\nanw
icockXz {]`hmhnImcmx
IYw \ immx ]p\cm]tXbpx
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tNmZyw  tcmK FhnsS\npmIpp? AhbpsS ia\n\v ImcWw FmIpp? ktmjn\pw ZpxJn\pw ImcWw FmIpp? imcocnIambpw am\knIambpw DmIp tcmK ianmXncnpsXpsImv? hopw DmIpsXpsImv?

{]m]cmt[m hnjamkvXYmm
tlXpkvXrXobx ]cnWmaImex
kabm\mw {Xnhn[mNimn
m\mImemx kamtbmKbpmx
[aymx {Inbmlj\nanapm 
kvXtYmƒ\yYm timIhiw \bo
icoc kXz{]hmkvXptZmjm 
kvXtbmahrXym \ `hn`qbx
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40

Dcw HmaXmbn {]m]cm[w, cmaXmbn Akmty{nbm kwtbmKw, aqmaXv Imens ]cnWmaw (Imem IfpsS lo\anymXntbmKw) Cu aqv ImcWtfsmv tcmK DmIpp. m\w, C{nbmw Imew Ch aqntbpw kayt\ymKw Fmhn[ tcmKtfbpw ia\n\pw ImcWamIpp. []camb I ktmjn\pw AXn\p hn]coXamb AXmbXv A[]camb I ZpxJn\pw ImcWamIpp. imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb tcmK Ah cpw CmXmbm ]ns DmIpX. (AXmbXv tams {]m]nm ]ns imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb tcmK DmIpXsw)

cq]ky kXzky N kXn bm
t\mkvXZmZn \ lo tkm ƒkvXnIn
Xtbmchrnx {InbtX]cm`ymw
[rXnkvarXn`ymw ]cbm[wbmN
41

icocntbpw a\ntbpw kXnbpsS AXmbXv A\hnnamb [mcm {]hmlns BZn ]dbm IgnbpX. ImcWw AXv Hcn BZnbpw CmXmIpp. (krjvSnbpsS {]hmlw A\mZnbmIpp) icocntbpw a\ntbpw \nhrn (\miw) t{ijvTamb [rXn (\nbamnI _pn) sImpw t{ijvTamb kvarXnsImpw t{ijvSamb _pnsImpw DmtIXmIpp. (DIrjvSamb[o[rXn) kvarXnIfoeqsS Bmhns\ icocn \npw a\n \npw hnSphnpXmIpp. Ans\ hnm ]ns P\\ acWfpw ZpxJhpw C.

kXym{itb hm Zznhnt[ btYmt
]qwKZ`yx {]XnI\nXyw
PntX{nbw \m\pNcotcmKw
kvXme bpw bZn\mkvXnssZhw.
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imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb tcmK DmIpXn\v apv {]Xn{Inb (kzhrn) Ftmgpw ioenph\pw PntX{nb\pw ]qPIrX I^eP\yamb tcmKsfmpansn Hcnepw tcmKw DmIpX.

ssZhw ]pcmb IrXapNytX X
X ]ucpjw bXznl IZrjvSw
{]hrntlXphnjax k ZrjvtSm
\nhrntlXpkvXp kax k Ghw
43

]qPmnXamb I^ew GsXmmtWm AXv ssZhw Fv ]dbpp. Cu Pn sNbvX I^ew GXmtWm AXv ]ucpjw Fv ]dbpp. Cu ]d cv Intbpw hnjaw (AtbmKmXntbmK anymtbmKw) tcmK{]hrnv ImcWamIpp. Cu cv Insbpw katbmKamIs tcmK\nhrnpw ImcWamIpp.

sslanIw tZmjNbw hkt
]mhmlb ss{KjvanIa{`Imte
L\mXytb hmjnIamip kayIv
{]m]vt\mXntcmKm\rXyPmPmXp
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tcmKw DmIpXn\v apv {]XnImcw sNm\p D]mbw  tlaEXphn hnp tZmjs (I^s) hkEXphnepw {KojvaEXphn hnp tZmjs (hmbpsh) hjEXphnepw hjEXphn hnp tZmjs (]ns) icXvEXphnepw tim[\ sNbvXv ]pdtv Ifm EXpP\yamb tcmK DmIpX. (tZmj\nlcW{Iaw) icnbmb hn[n kq{Xm\n ]dnpv)

\ tcm loXmlmchnlmctkho
kaoyImco hnjtbjzkx
ZmXmkax kXy]cx amhm
\m]vtXm]tkhoN `hXytcmKx
45

lnXamb Blmchnlmcsf ioenph\pw ImcymImcyfpw lnXmlnXfpw t\mn {]hnph\pw hnjbn Bknbnmh\pw Zm\ioe\pw kPohnIfnepw kaZrjvSnbph\pw a\kmhmNmIWm kXyw ]menph\pw amioe\pw KpcphrknmXn B]vXmsc tkhnph\pw tcmKapmIpX.

aXnhNx IkpJm\p_n
kXzw hnt[bw hniZm N _pn
m\w X]kvX]tXm N tbmK
bkymkvXnXw \m\p]XntcmKmx
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_pnbpw hmpw Ihpw kpJm\p_n\v hnt[bambncnpIbpw a\v kzm[o\ambncnpIbpw \neamb _pnbpw XXzm\hpw X]pw tbmKn (tamn) Xmev]cyhpw GsXmcph\ptm Ahs\ tcmKw _m[npX.

X{XtmImx
CXymnthiky almbpw
jUv{XnwiIw {]iv\KWw aljnx
AXpeytKmt{Xm `Khm bYmh
nnXem m\hnh\mw

Adnhv hnphm hfsc {]tbmP\sSpXmb Anthis 236 tNmZyv Cu AXpeytKm{Xobmymbn Bt{Xb `Khm hn[n{]Imcw Dcw \nbnpsImSpp.

CXynthiIrtX Xt{ NcI{]XnkwkvIrtX
imcocmt\ AXpeytKm{Xnbw imcocw \ma
ZznXotbmƒ[ymbx

tmI :

1-15

16-30

31-45