chaper1

Aymbw  1

IXn[m]pcpjobw imcocw

tmI : | 1-20 | 21-40 | 41-60 | 61-80 |

| 81-100 | 101-120 | 121-140 | 141-160 |

AYmXx IXn[m ]pcpjobw imcocw hymJymkymax.
ClnX kvaml `Khmamt{Xbx
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Ctm kq{X\nZm\hnam\m\m\cw ChnsS imcocm\s Bcw`npIbmIpp. Cu imcocm\nse Hmas Aymbamb IXn[m ]pcpjobw imcocw F Aymbs Bt{Xb `Khm D]tZinXp{]Imcw Xs Anthi aljn hnhcnpp.

IXn[m ]pcptjm [oa [mXpt`mZ\ `nZytX
]pcpjx ImcWw Ikvam {]`hx ]pcpjky Ix
Inam\x k \nXyx Inw Ina\ntXym \nZinXx
{]IrXnx Im hnImcmx tI Inw eowKw ]pcpjky N
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Anthi Bt{Xb `Khmt\mSv tNmZnp Atbm _pnam\mbncnp Kpcp\mY! [mXpt`Zw sImv ]pcpj F{Xhn[nemIpp. ]pcpj Cu kwkmcn Fp ImcWwsImv {][m\\mIpp. ]pcpjs Dev]nkmYm\w AYhm Dev]nImcWw BcmIpp. B ]pcpj FpsImv m\clnX AYhm m\n BIpp. Ah \nXy\pw AYhm A\nXy\pw BsWv FpsImv ]dbpp. {]IrXn FmIpp. hnImcw BcptSXmIpp. ]pcpjs eWw FmIpp. (C{]Imcw ]pcpjx IXn[m=]pcpj F{X {]Imcnepv Fv XpSn 23 tNmZy ]pcpjs\ kw_nv Anthi Bt{Xb `Khmt\mSv tNmZnppv.)

\njv{Inb kzmX{ hio\w kKw hn`pw
hZymm\ammx t{Xw kmnWw XYm
\njv{Inbky {Inbm Xky `Khm hnZytX IYw
kzmX{tZ \njvSmkp IYw tbm\njp PmbtX
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Bm\nI Bmhns\ {InbmclnXs\pw kzX{s\pw Fm `uXnI ]Zmtfbpw himn shphs\pw kKmansbpw hn`pshpw t{Xs\pw kmnsbpw ]dbpp. Atbm `Khms\! \njv{Inb\mbncnp Bmhns {Inb F{]ImcamIpp. Ah kzX{\msWn A\njvSamb tbm\nbn Fns\ P\npp. (AXmbXv Bmhv kzX{\s? Ah\njvSapXmb \ tbm\nbn P\npIqtS? Fn\v IranIoSmZnIfmbpw av IjvSsSp PohnIfmbpw P\npp Fv Xmev]cymw)

hiobZykpssJx IkvamZv `msshcm{IaytX _em
kmx kKXXzm thZ\mx Inw \ thn kx
\ ]iyXn hn`px Ikvamsse IpUyXnckvIrXw
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Bmhv kzw A[o\nemsWn ZpxJIcamb `mhtfsmv _em FpsImv B{IansSpp? Bmhv kKmanbmsWn Fmn\pw DmIp Fmhn[ sshZ\Itfbpw FpsImv CjvSsSpn? Bmhv hn`p AXmbXv khym]nbmsWn ]Xntem Npacnpdtm HfnpInSp hkvXpsf FpsImv ImWpn.

t{Xx t{XaYhm Inw ]qanXn kwibx
tbm t{XmZv hn\m ]qw t{Xtmln \ bpPytX
t{X bZn ]qw kym t{Xx kymZimkzXx
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t{X\mtWm BZyw AYhm t{XamtWm BZyw F kwibw P\npp. ImcWw AdnbstSXmb t{Xs IqSmsX BZyw t{X DmIpp FXv tbmPnpX, C\n t{Xw (icocw) BWv BZyw Fn t{X (Bmhv) AimizXA\nXy BIpp Fv Fns\ hcpw?

kmo`qX Ikymbw Im lyt\ym \ hnZytX
kym IYw hm hnImcky hntitjm thZ\mIrXx
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BmhmsX asmcp Imhnsn Cu kmn Fv ]dbpXv BcptSXmIpp. Bmhv \nnImc\msWn thZ\mP\yamb hntijw AXmbXv kpJ ZpxJmZn t`Z Fns\bpmIpp?

AY Nmky `Khw kvXnkrWmw Imw NnInkXn
AXoXmw thZ\mw sshtZym ham\w `hnjyXow
`hnjyym Akw{]mvXncXoXmbm A\mKax
kmw{]XnIym A]nm\w \mkvXytx kwitbmlyXx
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Atbm `Khms\! Ignpt]mbtXm CtmgptXm hcm\ncnptXm Bb aqphn[ tcmKfn sshZy tcmKnbpsS GXv tcmKnmWv NnInntXv? hcm\ncnp tcmKnmWv NnInntsXn AXv aSn hcpX. Ctmgp tcmKn\mWv NnInntsXn AXv nca. ImcWw Fm `mhfptSbpw kz`mhw Ftmgpw KanpsImncnemIpp. AXpsImv FXv tcmKn\v NnInknWw Fv sshZy kwibnpp.

ImcWw thZ\m\mw Inw Ina[njvTm\ apNytX
IzssNXm thZ\mx km \nhrnw bmymtijXx
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thZ\Iv ImcWw Fv? thZ\IfpsS A[njvTm\w (B{ibw) Fv? Cu thZ\Isfmw apgph\pw FhnsS \nhrambnocpp.

khn kk\ymko khkwtbmK \nx krXx
GIx {]imtm `qXmm ssIenssKcp]e`ytX
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k\pw Fmw XyPnh\pw kkwK]cnXymKnbpw GI\pw {]im\pw Bb `qXmmsh Fv eWwsImv Adnbm Ignbpw? (Anthi tNmZn 23tNmZy C{]ImcamIpp.)

CXynthiky hNx {ipXzm aXnaXmw hcx
khw bYmh t{]mhmN {]immm ]p\hkpx
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Anthis C{]Imcap hmv tInv _pnammcn t{ijvT\pw {]immmhpamb `Khm ]p\kp Fmw thXpt]mse D]tZinp sImSpp.

JmZbtX\m[mXp jjvTmkvXp ]pcpjx kvarXx
tNX\m[mXpct]yIx kvarXx ]pcpj kwIx
XX [mXpt`tZ\ NXphnwiXnIx kvarXx
am\mZti{nbmWymx {]IrXnivXmjvS [mXpIo
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[mXpt`ZwsImv ]pcpj F{Xhn[nemIpp F Anthis BZys tNmZyn\v Bt{Xb `Khm Dcw ]dbpp  [mXpt`Zw sImv ]pcpj aqv hn[nemIpp. ChnsS [mXp Fv ]dXv ckcmPn [mXpf. [cnpXpsImv [mXp Fv ]dXmIpp. 1jUv[mXp]pcpj, 2GI[mXp]pcpj, 3NXphnwiXn [mXp]pcpj.

jUv[mXp]pcpj `qan, Pew, An, hmbp, BImiw Fo ]alm`qXfpw BdmatXmb tNX\m [mXphpw (Bmhpw) IqSntXn\v ]pcpjm Fv ]dbpp. BbptZn\v B[mcambncnpXv Cu ]pcpj\mWv. kp{ipXw imcocn btXm ƒ`nlnXw ]alm`qX icoc kahmbx ]pcpjx CXn. k Gh I]pcpjx NnInm[nIrXx Fv ]dnpv.

GI[mXp ]pcpj tIhew tNX\m [mXphn\v am{Xambpw ]pcpj Fv ]dbpp. X{X k Ghm tNX\ Gj hx, ]pcpjx ]hnwiXn Ghm tNX\ Gj hx. ]pcpjx ]hnwiXn Xax ImImcW kwbptXbnXm `hXn. (kp.im.A. 1) ChntSbpw tIhew tNX\m[mXphn\v am{Xw ]pcpj Fv ]dbpp. CXpt]mse Xs kmwJy imkv{Xnepw ]dbppv. aqe{]IrXnc hnIrXn alZmZyx {]IrXnhnIrXbx k]vXtjmUiIkvXp hnImtcm a {]IrXn \ hnIrXnx ]pcpjx ChntSbpw tNX\m[mXphn\v am{Xw ]pcpj Fv ]dbpp. tIhew tNX\m[mXphmWv ]pcpj F AYnIcWw NnInkbn tbmPnpX. AXv thZm imkv{Xn tbmPnpXmWv. ChnsS {]kwKhim ]dp Ft a\nemtXpp.

NXphnwiXn[mXp ]pcpj [mXpt`ZwsImv 24XXz ASnbXn\pw ]pcpj Fv ]dbpp. B 24XXz AYhm [mXp C{]ImcamIpp. Ahyw, alXzw, Almcw, a\v ]mt\{nbw, ]It{nbw, ]Xm{X, ]alm`qXw FnhbmIpp. CXpIsf ChnsS ASppXs hniZambn {]Xn]mZnppv.

a\v ]n{nbfptSbpw BIpIbmIpp. Ahyw, alXzw (_pn), Almcw, ]Xm{XI Fo Fv [mXp {]IrXnbmIpp. ]mt\{nbw, ]It{nbw, ]alm`qXw, a\v Ch ]Xn\mdv hnIrXnbpw BIpp. Cu {]IrXnhnIrXnIsf kw_nv ]ehn[nep A`n{]mbfpw ]dpImWppv. kmwJy imkv{Xn aqe{]IrXnc hnIrXolZmZymx {]IrXnhnIrXbm k]vXtijm tjmUi hnImcmx Fv ]dbpp. AXmbXv aqe{]IrXn (Ahyw) {]IrXnbmsWpw AXn\npmb _pn, Almcw ]Xm{XI Cu Ggv aqe{]IrXnbpsS hnIrXnbmsWpw ]Xns\mn{nbfpw alm`qXfpw IqSn ]Xn\mdv XXz ta]d Ggv hnIrXnbn \npmb hnIrXnbmsWpw ]dbpp. Atm Cu 7 XXzfn\nv hopw XXz DmbXpsImv Ah {]IrXnbpw Cu Ggv XXz aqe{]IrXnbn \npmbXpsImv Ah hnIrXnbpw IqSnbmWv. a\Sap ]Xns\mn{nbfn \npw ]alm`qXfn \npw hopw av XXzsfmpw DmImXpsImv Ahsb hnIrXn Fv am{Xw ]dbpp. Fm kp{ipXn Ahyw alm\lmcx ]Xm{XmWn tNXyjvSu {]IrXbx tjmUi hnImcmx Fv XsbmWv ]dncnpXv.

eWw a\tkm m\kym t`mthm `mh Gh N
kXn lymt{nbmm\mw koItj \ htX
sshhrXym a\tkm m\w kmn[ymXp {]htX
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a\ns eWwm\ns A`mhhpw `mhhpw a\ns eWamIpp. Fm Bmhntbpw C{nbfptSbpw hnjbntbpw kwtbmKw a\n\nsn m\ns A`mhhpw Bt{nb hnjbfpsS kwtbmKw a\n\pmbm m\ns `mhhpw DmIpp.

a\v kzXsh t_m[apX. Bmhv AXns ]nn DXpsImmWv AXn\v t_m[apXmbntmpXv. AXpt]mseXs C{nbmfmb i_vZ  kv]i  cq]  ck Ksf {Klnptm am{Xsa AXn\v t_m[apXmbntmpIbpq bpK] m\ap]n a\tkmenwKw Fv \ymbimkv{Xnepw ]dbppv Atm Bt{nbmtfmSv a\n\v kwtbmKapmbm m\ns `mhhpw kwtbmKanmXncpm m\ns A`mhhpw DmIpXn \nv a\ns\ Dulndnbpp. CXmWv a\ns eWw. Bt{nbm knItj m\ky `mhm`mh a\tkmeowKw Fv sshtijnInepw a\ns eWs kw_np ]dbppv.

AWpXzaY ssNIXzw Zzu KpWu a\kx kvarXu
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a\ns KpWw a\n\v AWpXzsapw GIXzsapw cv KpWapv. AXmbXv a\v AWphpw GIhpamsWw.

icocw {]Xn a\v GIhpw AWphpw BIpp. AmsX a\v At\Ihpw alpw BsWn Fm C{nbmtfbpw Hcpanp {Klnphm IgnbWw. Ans\ km[npX a\v GXn{nbtmSv tbmPnppthm B C{nbms am{Xsa icnpw {KlnpIbpp. am{Xa Hcn{nbnqSn B C{nbmsbmsX an{nbms bmsXmcphn[nepw {KlnpX AXmbXv IvsImv ImWpIbmsX tIpIbn. sNhnsImv tIpIbmsX ImWpIbn AXpt]mse an{nbfpw Fw CXmWv a\ns KpWw.

Nnyw hnNmcyaqly t[ybw k]ytah N
b Inna\tkm tbw X kw lykwIw
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a\ns hnjbw  Nn, hnNmcw, Dulw, [ym\w, kev]w Chbpw CXpt]mse a\n\v AdntbXmb assmw Dtm AXpIfpw a\ns hnjbamIpp.

C{nbm`n{Klx I a\kkvXzky \n{Klx
Dutlm hnNmc XXx ]cw _pnx {]htX.
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a\ns hnjbw  Nn, hnNmcw, Dulw, [ym\w, kev]w Chbpw CXpt]mse a\n\v AdntbXmb assmw Dtm AXpIfpw a\ns hnjbamIpp.

a\ns Iw  CjvSamb C{nbmsf kzoIcnepw A\njvSamb C{nbmsf Xnfbepw a\ns IamIpp. Dulhpw hnNmchpw a\ns ImcamIpp. Dulm\chpw hnNmcm\chpw {]hnpXv _pnbmIpp. AXmbXv Hcp Imcys kw_np Xm\cw AXns\ Xocpam\npXpw Hcp hnjbs kw_np hnNmcm\cw AXns\ \nbnpXpw _pnbpsS {]hnbmIpp.

C{ntbtW{nbmtm ln ka\kvtI\ KrlytX
I]ytX a\km]ypzw KpWtXm tZmjtXm bYm
PmbtX hnjtb X{X bm _pn \nbmnIm
hyhkytX Xbm hpw Ipw hm _pn]qIw
21

m\ns {Iaw  Bmhn\m t{]cnXamb a\tmSpIqSn C{nb XtXmb hnjbsf {Klnpp. Ans\ {Klnp kabp m\w hkvXpam{XamIpp. AXn\ptijw a\psImv CXv KpWamtWm tZmjamtWm AX XtXmtWm sImtXmtWm Fv Dul]qIamb hnNmcW sNpp. AXn\ptijw XtXv Xn kzoIcntXv kzoIcnpXnv \nbmnIm_pn Fv ]dbpp. B \nbmnIm _pnsImv ]dbpItbm {]hnpItbm sNpXv _pn]qw Fv Xocpam\npp.

GssIIm[nI bpm\n JmZo\man{nbmWn Xp
] Im\p tabm\n tbt`ym _pnx {]htX
22

]mt\{nbfpsS eWw  t{im{XmZn ]t{nb {Ian BImimZn ]alm`qXm[nIyaphbmIpp. AXmXn{nbfnqSnbp _pnbpsS {]h\n \nv ]t{nbfpsS Av Isf DulndntbXmIpp.

Av mt\{nbfpw ]alm`qXfpsS hnImcamIpp. AXmbXv t{imXhpw Av `qXfpsS hnImcamWv. Ipw Av `qXfpsS hnImcamWv. \mpw Av `qXfpsS hnImcamWv. aqpw Av `qXfpsS hnImcamWv. Fm Cu An{nbfnepw AXmXntXmb `qXn\v B[nIyapmbncnpw. AXns\ kw_nv kq{Xm\nse C{ntbm]{IaWobmymbn ]dXpIqSn {itbamWv. ""]alm`qX hnImc kapZmbmXv aIm\ma]n kXman{nbmWmw tXPpjn Jwt{imt{X {LmtWnXncmt]m ckt\ kv]it\ ƒ\ntem hntitjtWm]]ZytX. X{X bZpZmI an{nbw hntijmZmI tahma\p[mhXn Xkz`mhm Zzn`qXzm'' CXn kzmwJy imkv{Xn C{nbsf BlmcnIambnmWv ]dncnpXv. ""A`namt\m ƒlwImckvXkvam Zznhn[x {]hsX kx GIZiIKWx Xm{X ]Issh'' CXn. CXpt]mseXs kp{ipXw imcocw Hmw Aymbnepw ]dbppv. ""X{X sshImcnImZlmcmZv ssXPk klmbm Wmt\ymsshImZti{nbmWypev]Zyt.'' CXn. Fm BbptZn C{nbsf `uXnIambmWv IWmnbncnpXv. ""`uXnIm\n tN{nbmWymbpttZ hWyt XtY{nbmmx'' CXn. kp. imcocw BbptZn C{nbsf `uXnIambn IWmphm\p ImcWw AXmXn{nbsfsmv AXmXn{nbfpsS hnjbs AmsX an{nbfpsS hnjbs {KlnpXpa ""C{ntbtW{nbmw Xp kzw kzw KrlvWmZnam\hx \nbXw Xpeytbm\n Xzmmt\y\m\yanXn nXnx'' CXn (kp. im. A. 1)

lkvX]mZwKptZm]w Pntlz{nbaYm]n N
It{nbmWn ]ssh ]mZu Ka\ IWn
]mbp]u hnkmu lkvXu {KlW[mctW
PnlzmhmKn{nbw hmIv N kXym tPymXnkvXtam ƒ\rXm
25

It{nbfpw AhbpsS Ifpw  cv Iv, cv Imev, KpZw, D]w (aqt{X{nbhpw P\t\{nbhpw) \mhv Ch Av It{nbfmIpp. Imev \Sphm\pw KpZhpw D]hpw aeaq{Xhnk\n\pw (B\wIqSn D]ns IamIpp). Iv hmphm\pw [cnphm\pw sImSpphm\pw \mhv hmns C{nbhpw BIpp. hmv kXysapw AkXysapw cv hn[nemIpp. kXyw tPymXnpw AkXyw AImchpamIpp.

m\It{nbsf kw_n kmwJyImcnIbn ]dbpXn{]ImcamWv. ""_po{nbmWn Npx t{im{X{LmWck \ XzKmJym\n. hmIv]mWn]mZ]mbpmx It{nbmWymlqx. cq]mZojp ]m\mamtemN\ am{XanjytXhrnx hN\mZm\ hnlctWm km\m ]m\mw'' CXn.

alm `qXm\n Jw hmbpcn\ncm]x nXnkvXYm
i_vZ kv]i cq] ctkm KcpZvKpWmx
26

BImiw, hmbp, An, Pew, `qan C] ]alm`qXfmIpp. i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w, ckw Ch {Ian BImimZn `qXfpsS KpWfmIpp. ""i_vtZmsshlmbkx kv]tim hmbhobx {]IonXx cq]amtb amt]ymƒ{X ctkm KkvXp]mnhx'' CXn.

tXjmtaI KpW ]qtm KpWhrnx ]tc ]tc
]qx ]q KpWmssh {Iatim KpWojp kvarXx
27

BImimZn Av KpWnIfn {]YaKpWnbmb BImin AXns KpWamb i_vZw am{Xambpw tijapXn HmtcmKpWw hnpamWncnpXv AXmbXv BImin i_vZw, hmbphn i_vZhpw kv]ihpw, Anbn i_vZkv]icq]ck, `qanbn i_vZkv]icq]ckK Fn{]Imcw Dev]n{Ian\\pkcnv Hmtcmtcm `qXn Hmtcmtcm KpW hnmWncnpXv. Dev]n{Iaw ""BImiZzmbpx hmtbmcnctcmt]mƒZv`yx ]rYnhn'' Fohn[nemIpp. CXn\v asmcphiw IqSnbpv, Fm `qXfnepw Fm `qXfpw At\ym\yw tNmWncnpXv, AXn\v ]oIcWw Fv ]dbpp. ]oIcWw ]Zibn\nv ""Zzn[mhn[mbtNssIIw N Xpm {]Yaw]p\x kztkzXc ZzXobmw ssitcymP\m ]] tX.'' CXn. ]alm`qXfn Hmtcmnt\bpw cmbn hn`PnpI, AXn Hcp ]IpXn ]ntbpw \membn hn`PnpI, `mKnmsX hncnp ]IpXntbmSv av \mev `qXfptSbpw ]IpXn \membn `mKnXn \nv Hmtcm `mKhpw tNpI. Cns\ Fm `qXfpw Ah\htXmb ]IpXnbpw av \mev `qXfn \npw IqSnbp ]IpXnbpw IqSnbm qemImihpw qehmbphpw qemnbpw qe Pehpw qe`qanbpw Bbnocpp. CXnmWv ]oIcWw Fv ]dbpXv. Atm Fm `qXfpw At\ym\yw tNncnptm B\p]mZnI {Ian\\pkcnp `qXKpWfpw At\ym\yw tNncnpsav a\nemtXmWv.

Jc{Zh NtemjvWXzw `qPem\ne tX Pkmw
BImikym {]XnLmtXm ZrjvSw enwKw bYm{Iaw
28

`qan, Pew, hmbp, An Chbvv {Ian JcX (ITn\X), {ZhX, NeXzw (AncX), DjvWw Fo eW ImWpXmWv. bmsXmcphn[ XShpw CmXncnpIbpw kv]inm IgnbmXncnpIbpw sNpXv BImins eWamIpp.

eWw ktasshX k]it\{nb tKmNcx
kv]it\{nb hntbx kv]tim ln khn]cybx
29

ta]d Fm eWfpw kv]it\{nbZzmcm AdnbpXmIpp. Fm kv]ihpw Akv]ihpw kv]it\{nb ZzmcmXs AdntbXmIpp.

ChnsS JcmZn Fm eWfpw kv]it\{nbZzmcm Adnbm Ignbpw Fv ]dncnpp. Fm BImins A{]XnLmXs kv]indnbphm IgnbpX. Atm kv]indnbphm Ignbpn FXp kv]it\{nbZzmcXsbmWv AdnbpXv. AXpsImmWv Fmw kv]it\{nbZzmcm Adnbpp Fv ]dncnpXv. Hcp hkvXp Hcp Znn shm AXhnsSbpspw CmXmbm Cspw a\nempXv t\t{X{nbZzmcm BWtm? Atm `mhntbpw A`mhntbpw m\w C{nbZzmcXsbmIpp.

KpWx icotc KpWn\mw \nnjvSmntah N
Amx i_vZmZtbm tbm tKmNcm hnjbm KpWmx
30

i_vZmZnKpW icocn nXnsNp KpWnIfpsS AXmbXv BImimZn`qXfpsS eWw XsbmsWv apv Bt{Xb `{ZIm]yobmymbn ]dnpv. i_vZ  kv]i  cq]  ck  KfmbdnbsSp hnjb BImimZnIfpsS KpWfmIpp. i_vZmZnI t{im{XmZnIfpsS C{nbmfpamIpp.

""K ck cq] kv]i i_vZmx ]rYnhymZnKpWmkvXZmx'' Fv \ymbimkv{Xnepw ]dbppv. GsXmw {LmW{KmlyamtWm AsXmw `qanbpsS KpWhpw X]cnWmaamb {LmWmamIp Khpw, GsXmw ck\{KmlyamtWm AsXmw shns KpWhpw X ]cnWmaamb ck\mamIp ckhpw GsXmw t\{X{KmlyamtWm AsXmw AnbpsS KpWhpw X]cnWmaamb t\{XmamIp cq]hpw GsXmw kv]i{KmlyamtWm AsXmw BImins KpWhpw X]cnWmaamb t{imt{X{nbmamIp i_vZhpw BIpp.

bm bZn{nbam{inXy Ptm_pnx {]htX
bmXn km tX\ \ntiw a\kmN at\m`hm
31

PohnIfpsS GsXmcp _pn GXn{nbs B{ibnp {]hnppthm B _pnsb B C{nbZzmcm \ntinWw. a\ns\ B{ibnv {]hnp _pnsb a\nqSn \ntinWw.

_pnbpsS C{nbfnqSnbp {]\n\pXkcnp {ihW_pn, kv]i\_pn, Np_pn, ck\_pn, {LmW _pn Fv ]dbpp. a\nqSnbmIptm am\k_pn Fv ]dbpp.

t`Zm Imtc{nbmm\mw _tlzymssh _nbx kvarXmx
Bt{ob at\mƒm\massII knIjPmx
32

Bmhv, C{nbw, a\v, hnjbw Ch Hmtcmntbpw kmnyP\yambpmIp {ihW _pn, kv]i\_pn apXemb Bdv _pnI ImcyfptSbpw C{nbmfptSbpw t`Zw \nanw At\Ihn[nemIpp.

AwKpeyw KpjvT XePkvX{o hoWm \ tJmZv`hx
ZrjvSx i_vtZm bYm _pnZrjvSmx kwtbmKPm XYm
_po{nb at\mƒm\mw hnZymZv tbmK[cw ]cw
NXp hniXntIm tlyj aXx ]pcpjkwIx
34

\Sphncentbpw Nphncentbpw IcXentbpw kwtbmKw sImv hoWbn Hcp hn[nep i_vZw DmIpp. Fm hoWbpsS X{nbn \Jns kwtbmKapmbm At\Ihn[nep i_vZw DmIpXmWv. AXpt]mse Bmhv, C{nbw, a\v, hnjbw ChbpsS kwtbmKwsImpmIp _pn At\Ihn[nemIpp. _po{nbat\mƒfpsS kwitbmKs [cnpXv BmhmsWdnbWw. AYhm _po{nbw (mt\{nbw), a\v, hnjbw ChbpsS kwtbmKs [cnpXv BmhmIpp. AXmbXv Bmhns kmnyn a\v C{nbtfmSpw C{nb hnjbtfmSpw tNcpp. C{]Imcw Cu 24[mXp ASnbXn\v ]pcpj Fv ]dbpp.

Ahyw, a\v, _pn, Almcw, ]`qX, ]Xm{XI, ]mt\{nb ]It{nb ChbmWv 24 XXz, ]alm`qXfpsS hnIrXnbmb i_vZ  kv]i  cq]  ckKsf CXns]Spnbnn. ] Xm{XI i_vZmZnIfpsS t`ZamsWp IqSn a\nemmhpXmWv.

cPkvXtam`ymw bpky kwtbmtKmƒba\hm
Xm`ymw \ncmIrXm`ymp kXz _yym \nhtX
35

cPkvXtamKpWtfmSv IqSnb NXphnwiXn XXz ]pcpjs Cu kwtbmKw A\amIpp. AXmbXv cPkvXtamKpWfmWv ]pcpjs _n\p ImcWw. cPkvXtamKpWsf ]qambn \ncmIcnptmgmIs kXzKpWw hnpIbpw XXzm\apmIpIbpw _n \nv \nhramIpIbpw AXmbXv tam{]m]vXnbpmIpIbpw sNpp.

A{X I ^em{X m\m{X {]XnjvTnXw
A{X tamlx kpJw ZpxJw PohnXw acWw kzXm
Ghw tbm thZ XtXz\ k thZ {]ftbmZ[u
]mccyw NnInkmN mXhyw b In\
36
37

Cu ]pcpj\n Iw, I^ew, m\w, tamlw, kpJw, ZpxJw, PohnXw, acWw, aaX Ch {]XnjvTnXamIpp. C{]Imcap Imcysf GsXmcph bYm XXzm\nqSn Adnbppthm Ah Cu krjvSnbpsS Dhtbpw Ahkm\tbpw AYhm P\\tbpw acWtbpw Adnbm Ignbph\mbncnpw. Ah ]mccytbpw AXmbXv XpSbmbn [cnph icoc`mhtbpw NnIntbbpw AXmbXv ZpxJ\nhrnp amtbpw Fv th GsXmw AdnbstSXmbnptm Ahsbmw Xsbpw Adnbph\mbncnpw. [mXpt`ZwsImv ]pcpj F{Xhn[neps BZys tNmZyns DcamWv CXphsc ]dXv.

`mkvXax kXya\rXw thZx I ip`mip`w
\ kym Im thZnXm N ]pcptjm \ `thZv bZn
\m{itbm \ kpJw \mn\ KXn\mKXn\ hmIv
\ hnm\w \ imkv{XmWn \ PawacWw \ N
\ _tm \ N tamw kym ]pcptjm \ `thZw bZn
ImcWw ]pcpjkvXkvam ImcWsscpPmlrXx.
39

cmas tNmZyamb ]pcpjs ImcWwImhpw Adnbph\pamb ]pcpj Csn {]Imiw, Ccpv, kXyw, AkXyw, thZ, Iw, ip`w, Aip`w Chsbmpw Xsbn. icocan, kpJan, ZpxJan. ]ctemIm\an. CltemIm\hpw C. hmn. hnm\an. imkv{Xan. Phpw C acWhpw C. ]pcpj Csn _hpw C tamhpw C. AXpsImv CXns\mw ImcWw ]pcpj\msWv ImcWs Adnbph ]dbpp.

\N ImcWamm kym JmZbx kypctlXpImx
\ ssNjp kw`th m\w \ NssXx kym {]tbmP\w
41

Bmhv ImcWambnnsn BImimZn]alm`qXfpw tijw XXzfpw hyamIpp. AXmbXv BmshmgnsI Fmw PU]ZmamIpp. Bmhnsn PU]Zmn m\w DmIpX. Bmhnsn Cu PU]Zmns {]tbmP\hpw C.

arZpWvUNss{I IrXw Ipw`ImcmZrtX LSw
IrXw arrW ImjvssT KrlImcmZv hn\m Krlw.
tbm hmtZ k htZZv tZlw kw`qbIcssWx IrXw
hn\m Imc am\mZv bpymKa _lnjvIrXx
ImcWw ]pcpjx kssx {]amssWcp]e`ytX
tb`yx {]tabw kt`yx BKmta`yx {]XobtX.
44

]m{Xw Dmphs\ IqSmsX apw hSnbpw N{Ihpw sImv ]m{Xw DmIpp Fpw hoSv ]Wnbphs\ IqSmsX apw ]ppw achpw sImv hoSv DmIpp Fpw GsXmcph ]dbppthm Ah bpntbbpw imkv{Xtbpw _lnjvcnnv Am\w sImv Imhmb Bmhns\qSmsX ImcWfmb 23PU]Zm Fmw IqSn kzbw icocw DmIpp Fv ]dbpp. (Imhns\qSmsX ImcWw Hcp hn[nepw DmIpXsw.) Cu ImcWw, ]pcpj (Bmhv) Chsb kw_np Fm hnhcfpw Fm {]amWfn \npw InpXmWv. CXns\ kw_nv sXfnbnstSXmb Fsmw hnjbfptm Ahsbmw Xs Fmhn[ B]vtXm]tZifn \npw a\nemmhpXpamWv.

\ tX XkmZrimkvXzt\y ]mccy kapnXmx
kmcq]ymZv tb X GthXn \noiyt \cmcmx
`mhmkvtXjmw kapZmtbm \ncoix kXzktIx
Im t`mm \ k ]pam\nXn tI]nZvhyhnXmx
tXjmass\yx IrXkymt\y `mssh`mhm \cmx ^ew
`ptX kZrimx {]m]vXw tbcmm t\m]ZniytX
45

\ncmhmZwta]d{]Imcw ]pcpj, {]IrXnXXzw Fnhsbmpw XsbpX. ]mccyP\yambn AXmXn\v kmZriyapXmsX Hpw DmIpn. Ans\bp kmcq]yw \nanw a\pjy\n\nv a\pjy ]iphn\nv ]ip IpXncbn \nv IpXnc Fo {Ian Fmw DmIpp Fv ]dbpp. Cu `mhv (icocv) A[n]Xnbmbn Ahyw, Bmhv Fsms ]dbpsXmpw Xsbn. AhysamgnsI 23XXzfSnb Wnbam{Xamb kXzw Fv ]dbpXmWv ]pcpj. B ]pcpj Ahyw Fv ]dbp H. Imhpa t`mmhpa. Fn{]Imcw Nne \mkvXnIam ]dbppv. AhcpsS aXw kvZriycqt]W ]mccyP\yambpmIp PohnIv ssNX\yapXn \npmbXpsImv tNX\bpmbn FmsX B tNX\ \nXyambncnp Bmh. Ans\bp ]pcpj\mWv Imhpw t`mmhpw Hcph sNp I^ew B Pn Ah\pw ]noSv aphcpw `pPnpp FmsX Ah\h sNbvX I^ew Ah\hXs hopw hopw P\npIbpw `pPnpIbpw sNpn FpXmWv.

ImcWm\ym\yXm ZrjvSm Im t`mm k Gh Xp
Im ln ImcssWbpx kIWmw

\mkvXnIaXs JWvUnpp  ImcWw `n`nambn ImWsSpp. Fm t`mmhpw Imhpambncnp Ah (Bmhv) GI\pw \nXy\pw BIpp. ImcWtfmSv (km[\tfmSv tN ImhmIs k Ipw ImcWamIpp.

\ntaj ImemZv `mhm\mw Ime io{LXtcmƒXytb
`m\m ]p\ `mth IrXw \m\yapss]Xn N
aXw XXzhnZmtaXZv bkvam k ImcWw
{Intbm]t`mtK `qXm\mw \nXyx ]pcpjkwIx
Almcw ^ew I tZlmcKXnx kvarXnx
hnZymX kXn `qXm\mw ImctW tZlacm
50
51

icocmZn `mhfpsS \min \ntajmZn Imetm Ghpw sNdnbImew aXnbmIpXmWv. AXmbXv F{Xbpw Wn \Spsaw. \inpsImtbncnp icocmZn `mh ]noSpmIpX. Hcm sNbvXXv asmcmv InpX. CXv XXzm\nIfpsS aXamIpp. FpsImv Ah (Bmhv) ImhmtWm AXpsImv Xs PohnIfpsS {Intbm]`mKn B \nXyambncnp ]pcpj ImcWamIpp. PohnIfpsS tZlayn B \nXy ]pcpj ImcWambncnptm Almcw, I^ew, Iw, acWm\cKXn, PmXnkvacW Chsbmw Adnbpp.

icotc{nbmZn `mh WnIamIpp. Ch DmbnsmncnpIbpw \inpsImtbncnpIbpw sNpXmWv. Hcn DmIpIbpw \inpIbpw sNbvXXv hopw DmIpX. Hmtcmpw ]pXpXmbn Dmbnsmtbncnpp. Cu Pn sNbvX ]m]^ew ASp Pn Ah\h Xs `pPnpXmWv. ImcWw Imew A{Xbpw WnIambXpsImv Fm I^ehpw Atm `pPnp Xophm IgnbmXmWv. AXpsImv Fm icocfnepw \nXyamb Hcp hkvXphpv. AXmWv CXnssbmw Imhv. AXns\ XsbmWv t`mmshpw Bmshpw Ahysapw ]pcpjs\pw apw ]dbpXv. Ah XsbmWv Fm PohnIfptSbpw Itm]t`mKn\v ImcWambncnpXv. Ah Cu icocnembncnptm am{Xsa Rms\ Almcw DmIppp. PUn\v Rms\p Almcw DmIpntm? Cu icocn nXn sNp Bmhv \nXyasn WnIamb Cu icocn\p thn ZoLamb Iw BcmWmcw`npI? AXmbXv Am\nIfmb \ Hmtcmv sNptmgpw CXv imizXamsWp tXm DmIpXv imizXamb Bmhv CXn DXpsImmsWw. Imhpw t`mmhpamb Ah Cu icocnensn ]p\Pw Fns\bpmIpw? B inhntijw PohnIfnsemw Hcpt]msebnsn kaqlNn Xotc DmIpX. C{]Imcw Bmhv A\izcamsWpw icocw \izcamsWpw PohnXw XpScpIbmsWpw apw DXns\ kw_nv KoXbn ]dXv t\mpI.

hmkmwkn Pom\n bYm hnlmb
\hm\n KrlvWmXn \tcm ƒ]cmWn
XYm icocmWn hnlmb Pom
\y\ym\n kwbmXn \hm\n tZln (Ko A 2)

BfpI ]gInb hkv{Xsf Dt]np F{]Imcw ]pXnbhsb kzoIcnppthm A{]Imcw Poh Pon icocsf Dt]np ]pXnb av icocfn sNptNcpp.

{]`thm \ lr\mZnXzmZv hnZytX ]cam\x
]pcptjm cminkwkvXp tamlmtZzj IPx

]pcpjs Dev]nsb kw_n aqmas tNmZymns DcamWnXv  Ahyambncnp ]cammhn\v BZnbpw Ahpw CmXpsImv Dev]nm\tam Dev]nv ImcWtam CmXmsWdnbWw. 23XXztfmSp tN cmin]pcpj\mIs tamlw, C, tZmjw ChbneqsSbp I^eP\yamb ip`mip`\pkcnp P\npXmIpp.

AhyamIp aqe{]IrXn, FhnsS\npmbn, Ftm Dmbn, Fns\bpmbn, GXn\npmbn Fsmsbp tNmZyv CXn \npmbn Fv Dcw ]dm AXv GXn\npmbn F tNmZyw hopw hcpw. Atm B tNmZyn\v AanmsX hcpw. AXpsImv AhyamIp aqe{]IrXn kzbw AImcWamWv. Fm I]pcpj Ans\b, Imaw, t{Im[w, tem`w, tamlw, aZw, amcyw, Uw`w, Akqb Fo AjvScmKfneqsSbp Ins ip`mip` ^e\pkcnp AXmXn\pkcn tbm\nbn hp P\npXmIpp.

Bmx IcssWtbmKm m\w Xky {]htX
IcWm\ma sshIeymZtbmKmZv hm \ hxX
54

]pcpj Adnbph\pw Adnbmh\pw BIpsXns\ F \memas tNmZyns Dcw  Bmhv m\amIpp. Bmhns m\w {]hnpXmIs a\v, C{nbw apXemb IcWtfmSv sNcptmgmIpp. IcWv \neXzansnepw AYhm Bmhns kwtbmKansnepw AdnhpmIpX. Bmhv a\tmSpw a\v C{nbtfmSpw C{nb hnjbtfmSpw tNcpnsn AdnhpmIpnsw. IqSmsX C{nb tISpIqSmsX {iambncnpIbpw thWw.

]iytXmƒ]n bYmZcvUi kwnjvtS \mkvXn Zi\w
XZzme hm Ieptj tNXky]ltX XYm
IcWm\n at\m _pn _pnIt{nbmWn N
Ipx kwtbmKPw I thZ\m _pntch N
55
56

In\v ImgvN icnbmbpmbmepw aen\amb ImSnbn t\mnbm Xs cq]w A{]Imcw ImWmXncnppthm AXpt]mse Xs Ienb shn t\mnbmepw Xs cq]w F{]Imcw ImWmXncnppthm A{]Imcw a\v IepjnXambm Npx t{im{XmZn C{nbfnqSnbp hnjb{KlWw thXpt]msebpmIpX. a\pw _pnbpw mt\{nbfptSbpw It{nbfptSbpw IcWfmIpp. Imhmbncnp Bmhv IcWtfmSv tNm am{Xsa IP\yamb thZ\Ifpw AXmbXv kpJZpxJfpw Adnhpw DmIppp.

ss\Ix {]htX Ipw `qXmm \miv\ptX ^ew
kwtbmKmZv htX kw XartX \mkvXoIn\
\tlymtI htX t`mthm htX \m]ytlXpIx
io{LXzm kz`mhm Xp `mthm ln hyXnhtX.

`qXmmhv (23XXztfmSv tNp \np Ahyw) kzambn HpwXs sNpn. bmsXmcp I^ehpw `pPnpXpa. Fm CsXmw \ne\nevpXv AXns kwtbmKw sImv am{XamWv. AXncnmsX Hpw Xsbn. ]`qXmZn `mh Fmw tNmsX Hmtcmmbn \nevpX. Fm `mh io{LKmanXzw F kz`mhfn \nmIs hyXnNenpX. AXmbXv `mhfpsS Dev]nv ImcWapv. \min\v ImcWan. AXv AXns kz`mhamIpp. CXv kq{Xm\nepw ]dnpv. ""{]hrntlXp`mhm\mw \ \ntcmt[ƒkvXn ImcWw'' CXn.

A\mZnx ]pcptjm \ntXym hn]coXkvXptlXpPx
kZImcWhnXyw ZrjvSw tlXpaZ\yYm
59

]pcpj FvsImv \nXy\mIpp. AYhm A\nXy Fv ]dbpp F Amas tNmZyns Dcw  A\mZnbmbncnp ]pcpj (]cammhv) \nXyamIpp. tlXpP\yamb cmin ]pcpj\mIs ImcWapXmIpp. AXpsImv AXv A\nXyamIpp.

XmtZh `mhtZ{Kmlyw \nXyXzm IrX\
`mhmtbw bZhyaNnyw hya\yYm
60

A\mZnbmbncnp B ]pcpj XsbmWv `mhnepsXnepw `mhn \nv AXns\ {Klnphm IgnbpX \nXyXzw \nanw `mhn\np (icocn \nv) Fns\bpw thXncndnbm IgnbpXpa AXv Ahyhpw ANnyhpw BIpp. adnv cmin]pcpj A\nXyhpw hyhpw Nnyhpw BIpp.

Ahyamm t{Xx imiztXm hn`pchybx
ckvamZv bZ\y XZvhyw hys Nm]cw hbw
hyssa{nbIssh KrlytX XtZ bZn{nssbx
AtXmƒ\y ]p\chyw enwKw {KmlyaXo{nbw

Ahyw BmhmIpp. Bmhv t{X\mIpp. (t{Xtam icocw) Bmhv imizXhpw hn`phpw Ahybhpw BIpp. AXpsImv AXn\nv `nambnpXv bmsXmptm AXv hyhpw ImcWwsImpmbXpw {]IShpamIpp. Cu hytbpw Ahytbpw av hn[nepw ]dbmhpXmWv. C{nbtfsmv Adnbm IgnbptXtXm AXns\ sF{obIsapw hysapw ]dbpp. AXn \nv hn]coXambn C{nbtfsmdnbm IgnbmXpw eWtfsmdnbpXpambXns\ Ahysapw AXo{nbsapw ]dbpp.

JmZo\n _pnchyalmc kvXYmjvSax
`qX{]IrXncpnjvSm hnImcmssh tjmUi
_po{nbmWn ]ssh ] It{nbmWn N
ka\kvIm ]mm hnImcm CXn kwnXmx
CXn t{Xw kapnjvSw kahy hnXw
Ahyaky t{Xky t{Xarjtbm hnZpx
63

{]IrXn FmIpp. hnImcw FmIpp F AntZhs Bdpw Ggpw tNmZyns Dcw BImimZn ]`qX (]Xm{XI) _pn (alXzw) Ahyw, Almcw Chsbpw `qX {]IrXnbmIpp. hnImc ]Xn\mdmIpp. Av mt\{nb, Av It{nb a\v, i_vZkv]icq]ckK ChbmWv ]Xn\mdv hnImc Fv ]dbpXv. Ahyw Hgnp tijw 22XXz IqSnbXnv t{Xw Fv ]dbpp. Cu t{Xns t{X\v Ejnam Ahyw Fv ]dbpp. (AYhm Ahyambncnp t{Xm\ Ejnamv Adnbm IgnbpXmWv. aphv Adnbm IgnbpX Fpw Aw) CXns\ kw_nv KoXbn ]dbpXn{]ImcamWv.

(CZwicocw Iutb t{XanXy`n[obtX
GX tbmthn Xw {]mlpx t{XanXn XZznXx
t{Xm]n amwhnn ktt{Xjp `mcX
t{X t{Xtb m\w bm\w aXw aa
alm `qXm\ylmtcm _pnchytah N
C{nbmWn ZssiI ]tN{nb tKmNcmx
Cm tZzjx kpJw ZpxJw kwLmXtX\m [rXnx
GX tbw kamtk\ k hnImcaqZvlrXw
(CXn `Kh KoX)
PmbtX _pnchymZv _pyml anXn a\ytX
]cw JmZo\ylmc D]mZt bYm{Iaw
XXx kq kmwtKm PmtXmƒZypZnXDNytX
]pcpjx {]ftb tNjvssSx ]p\ `msshhnbpPytX
68

69

70

Ahyn \nv _pnbpmbn _pnbn\nv Almcw Dmbn. Almcn \nv BImimZn ]Xm{XI Dmbn. AXn\nv tijw hnImcsfmw {Ian Dmbn. AXn\ptijw Fm AwKtfmSpw IqSnb ]qamb ]pcpj Dmbn. B ]pcpj {]fbImev Xs CjvS`mhfmb _pymZnIsf Dt]npXmIpp. AXmbXv Fmw Ahyn\npmhpIbpw AXnXs PohnpIbpw AXn Xs ebnpIbpw sNpp Fw D]\njn ]dbpp. ""btXm Cuam\n`qXm\n Pmbt tb\PmXm\n Pohn b {]by`nkwhnin.'' CXn.

AhymZv hyXmw bmXo hynchyXmw ]p\x
cPkvXtam`ymamhnjvS {Ih ]cnhtX
tbjmw Zztz ]cmknclmc ]cm tb
DZb {]fbu tXjmw \mtXjmw tb XztXmƒ\yYm
72
73

Ahyn \nv alZmZn alm`qX]cyap {]]cq]amb hyXbpmbn {]fbn hopw hyX Ahyn ebnpp. (eb{Iaw]alm`qX Xm{XIfnepw Xm{XI C{nbfnepw C{nb Almcnepw Almcw _pnbnepw _pn AhyXbnepw ebnpp. Cu eb{Iaw tam{Iaw IqSnbmIpp). Fm {]fbw DZbw (acWw P\\w) Fo {Ian Cu kwkmcw N{Iwt]mse XncnpsImncnpXv cPkvXtam KpWt`mamIbmemIpp. GsXmcphv cPkvXapIfmb cpw KpWbpamIbmemIpp. GsXmcphv ckvXapIfmb cp KpWfn Ghpw Bknbpw Rms\pw FtXmsWpap Ghpw henb Almchpw DmIppthm AhmWv DZbhpw {]fbhpw (P\\hpw acWhpw) DmIpXv. GsXmcph cPkvXtam KpW \inp kXzKpWbpambnocpIbpw Almcw \inncnpIbpw sNppthm Ahv P\\hpw acWhpw DmIpX. tam{]m]vXnbpmIpXmWv.

{]tWm]m\x \ntajmZym Poh\w a\tkm KXnx
C{nbmc kmcx t{]cWw [mcW b
tZimcKXnx kz]vt\ ]Xz{KlWw XYm
ZrjvSky ZntW\mvWm kthy\mhKakvXYm
Cm tZzjx kpJw ZpxJw {]\Xv\tX\m[rXnx
_pnx kvarXnclmtcm enwKm\n ]cam\x
74
75

]pcpjs eWw FmIpp F Fmas tNmZyns Dcw  {]mWm]m\ (izmtkmzmkw) \ntatjmtjw, Bbpv, hnjbntep a\ns KXn, Hcn{nbn \nv an{nbntep a\ns kmcw, C{nbfnqSnbp a\ns t{]cWw, [mcWw, kz]v\nqSnbp tZimcKa\w, acWw, hes Iv sImv IXns\ CSs IvsImpw CSs Iv sImv IXns\ hes Ip sImpw a\nempI, C, tZzjw, kpJw, {]bXv\w, tNX\, [rXn, _pn, kvarXn, Almcw Ch icocn Bmhv nXnsNpXns eWamIpp. AXmbXv Cu eWtfsmv icocn Bmhpsv Dulndnbpp.

IWmZ aljnbpsS sshtijnI Zi\nepw CXpt]mseXs ]dbppv. ""{]mWm]\ \ntatjmtj Poh\at\mKXn{nbmc kmcmx _pnx kpJ ZpxtJmtZzj {]bXv\mmt\m enwKm\n.'' CXn.

Xkvam kap]e`ytX enwKmt\yXm\n PohXx
\ arXkym enwKm\n XkvamZmlp aljbx
icocw ln KtX Xkvan iq\ymKmcatNX\w
]`qXmh tijXzm ]XzwKXapNytX
77
78

FpsImv Pohnph\v ta]d eW ImWpIbpw acnh\v ImWmXncnpIbpw sNppthm AXpsImv Xs ta]d eW BmhntXmsWv aljnam ]dbpp. (AXmbXv icocn izmk{]izmk\ntatjmtjmZnI Im Bmhns _apspw Chsbmpansn tIhew PUamsWpw a\nemWw) Fm Cu Bmhv icocn \nv t]mbm B Xmaknm hoSv t]mse ssNX\yanmXmbnocpp. icocn \nv tNX[mXp t]mbngnm tIhew ]`qXw am{Xw AhtijnpI \nanw acWn\v ]Xzw {]m]np Fv ]dbpp.

AtNX\w {Inbmh a\tXbnXm ]cx
bpky a\km Xky \nniyt hot`mx {Inbmx
tNX\mhm bXmm XXx Im \ncpNytX
AtNX\Xzm a\x {InbmhZ]n t\mNytX
80

\njv{Inb\mb Bmhns {Inb F{]ImcamIpp F HXmas tNmZyns Dcw a\v ssNX\yanmXpw {Inb sNpXpt]mse tXmpXmIpp. ssNX\yapXmb Bmhv at\mbpambm Bmhv {InbsNpXmbn ]dbsSpp. ssNX\yapXmbXpsImv Bmhns\ Imshv ]dbsSpp. a\v ssNX\yanmXmbXpsImv {InbmbpamsWnepw a\ns\ Imshv ]dbpX.

bYm tkz\m\mm\w \bXnx ktbm\njp
{]mssWkvX{bsX {]mWo\lyt\ym ƒkvXkyX{Ix
81

Bmhv kuX{amsWn A\njvStbm\nbn P\npsXpsImv F ]mas tNmZyns Dcw  Fm PohnIfpw Xs Xs [m[ ^en\pkcnv \ctKmlkvXn IoSmZn Fm tbm\nIfnepw P\npXmWv. Ah\h XsbmWXnpchmZn AmsX amcpw \nb{npn. AXmbXv at\m_pylmctfmSv tN Bmhv kzX{amsWnepw AXmXv PohnI at\m_pylmcfneqsS sNp ip`mip` I^en\pkcnv AhtbmSv tNp AXmXn\pkcn tbm\nbn P\npXmWv AXn\v amcpw ImcWmc\mIpn. Bmhv kzX{hpamWv.

hio X IpcptX I bIrXzm ^eaiv\ptX
hio tNXx kam[t hio kw \nckyXn
82

Bmhv kzw A[o\nemsWn ZpxJIcamb `mhtfsmv FvsImv B{IansSpp. F ]Xns\mmas tNZyns Dcw  Bmhv kzw A[o\nemWv. AXv GsXmcp Iw sNm\m{Klnppthm AXv sNbvXnv B I^es kzw `pPnpp. Bmhv kzbw B{KlnpIbmsWn a\v sNp CjvSamb Isfsbmw \ncknpIbpw sNpXmWv. (Atm Bmhv kzXamWv BcptSbpw A[o\ne. BcpsS t{]cWbpw kzoIcnpX. kzbw kpJ`mhtfmSpw ZpxJ`mhtfmSpw tNcpXmWv Fv Xmev]cymw)

tZln kKtXm lymm tkz tkz kwkv]it\{ntb
khmx kcvUhm{ibmkvXp \mm ƒtXm thn thZ\mx
83

Bmhv kKmanbmsWn Fmnepw DmIp Fmhn[ thZ\Itfbpw FpsImv AdnbsSpn F ]{mas tNmZyns Dcw  Bmhv kKXamsWnepw tZlnbmIpp. AXmbXv icocnbmIpp. AXmXv tZlnv AXmXv icocnse kv]it\{nbfn am{Xsa kw_app. AXpsImv Fm icocfptSbpw Fmhn[ thZ\Itfbpw Bmhn\v Adnbm IgnbpX.

hn`pXzaX Ghmky bkvam kKtXm alm
a\k kam[m\m ]iyXymm XnckvIrXw
\nXym\p_w a\km tZlIm\p]mXn\m
khrtbm\nKXw hnZymtZItbm\mh]n nXw
84
85

Bmhv hn`phmsWn Hfnp \np hkvXpsf FpsImv ImWm Ignbpn. F ]Xnaqmas tNmZyns Dcw  FpsImv Bmhv kKmanbpw alm\pw BtWm AXvsImv Xs AXn\v hn`pXzw Iev]nncnpp. Fm tZlnbmbncnp Bmhn\v B tZln\pkcn C{nbfnqSnbp Adnsh DmhpIbpq. AXpsImv ssieIUymZnIfnepw apw HfnpInSp km[\sf ImWm IgnbpX. Fm a\v Bmhn ebnm AXmbXv Nnhrn \ntcm[ambm B Bmhn\v HfnpInSpXv am{Xa Ignpt]mbXpw Ctm \SpXpw hcm\ncnpXpw Fmw Hcpt]mse ImWm IgnbpXmWv. CXmWv tbmKnIpmIp Ah.

icocIn\pkcnv a\v Hcnepw hnp]ncnbmsX Ftmgpw Bmhpambn _sp \npXmWv. a\ns _w hnp tams {]m]nm Bmhv GItbm\nKXambm t]mepw ktbm\nKXw (khym]n) BsWdnbWw.

tam{]m]vXnhsc a\pw Bmhpw Xnep _w \nXyamIpp. icocw \inmepw a\v Bmhpambp _w hntZnsSpn. Bmhv Ftm P\nppthm Atm a\pw AXns IqsSXs DmIpXmWv. a\pjys _n\pw tamn\pw ImcWw a\v Hv am{XamIpp. ]XRvPen Xs tbmK kq{Xn ""tbmKx Nnhrn\ntcm[x'' Fv hfsc efnXambpw hyambpw ]dncnpp.

BZn\mkvXym\x t{X  ]mccya\mZnIw
AXkvXtbmc\mZnXzm Inw ]qanXn t\mNytX

t{X\mtWm AX t{XamtWm BZyw F ]Xn\memas tNmZyns Dcw  Bmhn\v BZnbn. t{Xns (icocns) ]mccyhpw A\mZnbmIpp. AXpsImv cntbpw A\mZn\nanw GXmWv BZyw Fv ]dbm IgnbpX.

x kmoXypNyptX \mm kmo lymmlrXx kvarXx
ktm `mthm ln ktjmw `qXm\mamkmnIx

Bmhv BcpsS kmnbmIpp F ]Xn\mas tNmZyns Dcw  Adnbph Btcm Ahs\ kmn Fv ]dbpp. Adnbmhs\ (PU]Zms) kmn Fv ]dbpX. Bmhv kmnbmIpp. k`qXpw k`mhpw Bmhv XsbmIpp kmn.

ss\Ix IZmNnZv `qXmm essWcp]e`ytX
hntitjmƒ\p]e`yky Xky ss\Iky hnZytX
kwtbmKx ]pcpj tkyjvtSm hntimjm thZ\mIrXx
thZ\m b{X \nbXmhntijkvX{X XIrXx
88
89

Bmhv \nnImc\msWn Ah\n kpJZpJmZnt`Z Fns\bpmIpp F ]Xn\mdmas tNmZyns Dcw  GIambncnp `qXmmhns\ eWtfmSp IqSn Hcpepw Adnbm IgnbpX. B thXncndnbm Ignbm GIamb Bmhn\v bmsXmcp `oXbpw C. AXmbXv kpJZpxJmZn hntijsfmpw C kpJZpxJmZn thZ\mhntij kwtbmK ]pcpj\v (24XXzfSnb cmin ]pcpj\v CjvSapXmIpp. FhnsS _pymZnItfmSv tN I]pcpj\v kpJZpxJmnIamb hyhnX thZ\m hntij DmIppthm AhnsS AXv Bmhn hnpp Ftbpq.

Bmhv kpJnbpa ZpxJnbpa Ftm NXphnwiXnXXzabamb ]pcpj kXzcPkvXtamKpWtfmSv IqSnbXmbnocppthm Atm Ah kpJn Rm ZpxJn FsmstXmpIbpw AXv Bmhn Btcm]npIbpw sNpXmIpp.

NnInkXn `njIv kmkv{XnImem thZ\m CXn
bbm bpym hZtytI km bpncp][mcyXmw
90

`qXw, `mhn, ham\w Fo aqv Imeen DmIp tcmKfn sshZy GXv tcmKn\v NnInnaw 171819 tNmZyns Dcw  sshZy aqv ImefnepmIp tcmapw NnInntXmIpp. GXv bpnbneqsSbmWv Ans\ ]dbpsXv Nne BNmcym tNmZntpw. Anthi! AXns bpn FmsWv ]dpXcmw tIp[cnpsImI.

]p\kvXnekx ipe Pzcx k ]p\cmKXx
]p\x k Imtkm _ehmwivOnx k ]p\cmKXm
G`nx {]kn hNss\cXoXmKa\w aXw
ImembaXoXm\man\mw ]p\cmKXx
XanImeapniy t`jPw b {]bpPytX
AXoXm\mw {]ia\w thZ\m\mw XZpNytX
92
93

Ignpt]mb tcmKn\v NnInntpXns bpnHcpepmb XethZ\ hopw DmIpp. Hcnepmb ]\n hopw DmIpp. _ehm\mb Imkhpw Onbpw hopw DmIpXmWv. C{]Imcap temI{]knamb hmpIfm Ignpt]mb tcmKw hopw DmIpp FpXv Fmhpw kXamWv. Cu Ignpt]mb tcmKw hopw DmIpXn\v kab\nbhpw DmIpXmWv. B Ignpt]mb tcmKns kabs Dtinv GsXmcp Huj[w D]tbmKnppthm AXv Ignpt]mb tcmKfpsS ia\n\msWv ]dbpp. (Ignpt]mb tcmKn\v NnInnWw Fv ]dXns bpn CXmIpp)

B]kvXmx ]p\cmKpcym bm`nx ikyw ]pcm lXw
bYm {]{InbtX tkXp {]XnI XYm{itb
]qcq]w hnImcmWmw ZrjvSzm {]mZp`hnjyXmw
bm {Inbm {InbtX km N thZ\mw ly\mKXmw
94
95

hcm\ncnp tcmKn\v NnInntXns bpn]v shw IbdnbXpsImv Irjn \inpt]mbXv Inv C\n shw IbdmXncnm Nnd sIpXpt]mse hcm\ncnp tcmKfpsS ]qcq]w Inv GsXmcp NnIn sNsSppthm AXv `mhnbn DmIm t]mIp tcmKsf \innpXmIpp.

]mccym\p _p ZpJm\mw hn\nhtX
kpJtlXq]NmtcW kpJm]n {]htX
\ kam bmn sshjayw hnjamx kaXmw \ N
tl`qXnx kZrim \nXyw Pmbt tZl[mXhx
bpntaXmw ]pckvIrXy {XnImemw thZ\mw `njIv
lnXypm NnInm km ss\jvToIo bm hnt\m][mw
96
97

98

ham\Imev tcmKn\v NnInntXns bpnBtcmKyn\v ImcWamb D]Nmcw (NnIn) ioennXpsImv ZpxJv (tcmKv) \nhrnbpw kpJhpw BtcmKyhpw DmIpXmWv. tZl[mXp kaambnpXv katlXpfm sshjays {]m]npX hnjaambnpXv hnjatlXpfm kas {]m]npXpa, tZl[mXp Ftmgpw tlXpv XpeyambpmIpXmWv. AXmbXv Akmt{nbm kwtbmKmZn hnjatlXpfm [mXpsshjayhpw kzhrmZn katlXpfm [mXpkmayXbpw DmIpXmWv. Cu ]d bpnI\pkcnp sshZy aqv ImepmIp tcmKpw NnInntXmWv. CmtZzjmZnIsf \innpXmb GsXmcp NnInbptm AXv tam{]m]vXnpXmIpp. ""`mhtZmjD]t[mƒtZmtjmƒ\p][m'' CXn sshtijnI Zi\w. D][m Fv ]dbpXv `mhtZmjnmWv {]hrn eWn\v `mhtZmjw Fv ]dbpp. Cu `mhtZmjw \nanamWv ]pcpj kwkmcn _nsSpXv. Cu _w \inpXmb Fm {]hrnIfpw tam{]m]vXnpXmIpp.

D][m ln ]tcm tlXpZpxJ`pxJm {ib{]Zx
XymKx ktm][m\m kZpxJhyt]mlIx
99

am\knI ZpxJhpw imcocnI ZpxJhpw Dmhm\p aqeImcWw \nbambpw D][m (cmKtZzjtamlmZnI) BIpp. Fmhn[ cmKtZzjmZnItfbpw XyPnm am\knIhpw imcocnIhpamb Fmhn[ ZpxJfpw \inpXmIpp.

tImjImtcm bYm lywiq\pcmZt hQ{]Zm
D]mZt bYmt`ykvXrjvWmax kZmXpcx

]p\q]pgp F{]Imcw Xs acWn\v ImcWamIp ]p\qens\ kzbw Dev]mZnnppthm A{]Imcw Am\nbmb a\pjy hnjbXrjvW kzbw Dmn kZmZpxJnbmbnocpp.

bkvXznI]m\m tm mXzm tXt`ym \ntX
A\mcw`mZkwtbmKm Xw ZpxJw t\m]XnjvTtX
101

m\nbmbncnp GsXmcph hnjbsf Anp Xpeyw ZpxJapmpXmsWv a\nemnbnv Ahbn\nv ]nhmppthm Ans\bphs IXymKw \nanambpw ({]hnIsfmpw XpSnshbvmbvI \nanambpw) I^etfmSp _w CmbvIbmepw kwkmc ZpxJw Ahs\ _m[npX. (Ah\v P\\ acW ZpxJw DmIpX.)

IfneqsS [m[w DmIpIbpw [m [w \nanw icotc{nb kXztfmSv kwtbmKapmIpIbpw P\npIbpw sNpp. P\nm ZpxJhpw DmIpp. Ftm hnjbXrjvW CmXncnppthm Atm Iw CmXmIpIbpw P\nmXncnpIbpw AXmbXv tams {]m]npIbpw sNpp.

[n[rXnkvarXn hn{`wix kw{m]vXnx ImeIWmw
AkmymmKatXn mXhym ZpxJtlXhx

ZpxJns ImcWw FmIpp F Ccp]Xmas tNmZyns Dcw  [o[rXnkvarXn hn{`wihpw (_pn{`wihpw) ImefptSbpw IfptSbpw k{m]vXnbpw (iotXmjvWhj eWtfmSpIqSnb ImefptSbpw IfptSbpw AtbmKmXntbmK anymtbmKhpw) AkmymmKahpw (C{nbmfpsS AtbmKmXntbmK anymtbmKhpw) ZpxJImcWamsWdnbWw. (Ime_po{nbmfpsS lo\anymXntbmKsf kq{Xm\n hniZambn hnhcnnpv.)

hnjam`n\nthtim tbm \nXym\ntXy lnXmlntX
tbx k _pnhn{`wix kaw _pnln]iyXn

_pnhn{`wi eWw  \nXyn A\nXyw A\nXyn \nXyw lnXn AlnXw AlnXn lnXw Fnns\bp hnjaamIp A`n\nthiw GsXmcph\n ImWsSppthm AXv _pnhn{`wiamsWdnbWw. Fm lnXn lnXhpw AlnXn AlnXhpw \nXyn \nXyXbpw A\nXyn A\nXyXbpw ImWsSpXv ka_pnbmsWpadnbWw.

hnjb{]_ew Nnw [rXn{`wim iIytX
\nbtaltNmZm [rXnln \obamnIm

[rXn{`wieWw  hnjbn {]_eambn {]hnp a\ns\ \n{Klnp inbmIpp. [rXn Ans\bp [rXn hn{`wiw \nanw {]_eamb Nny kev]mZn hnjbfn \nv a\ns\ \n{Klnphm IgnbpX. AlnXamb C{nbmfn \nv a\ns\ \nb{nphm\pw IgnbpX.

XXzmt\ kvarXncyky ctPmtamlmhrXm\x
{`iytX k kvarXn{`wix kvahyw ln kvarXu nXw
105

kvarXnhn{`wi eWwcPkvXtam KpWfm BhrXamb a\tmSp IqSnb GsXmcphv XXzm\nep (bYmm\nep) Hm A[x]Xnppthm AXv kvarXn hn{`wiamIpp. ImcWw kvacnstSXns\ kvacnpI FpXv kvarXnbn B{inXamIpp. (A\p`hn hnjbsf Hpw hnpIfbmsX kvacnpXnv kvarXn Fv ]dbpp)

[o[rXokv\rXn hn{`jvS Ib IpcptX ƒip`w
{]m]cm[w Xw hnZym ktZmj {]tIm]Wn

{]m]cm[w  [o[rXnkvarXn hn{`jvS\mbh GsXmcp Aip`Iw sNppthm AXns\ {]m]cm[amsWdnbWw {]m]cm[w imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb Fm tZmjtfbpw tIm]nnpXmIpp.

DZocWw KXnaXmapZom\ \n{Klx
tkh\w kmlkm\m \mcoWmmXn tkh\w
IImemXn]mX anYymcw` IWmw
hn\bmNmc tem] ]qPy\mm`n [jWw
mXm\mw kzbam\m alnXm\mw \ntjhWw
]cauamZmIm\m {]Xybm\mw \ntjhWw
AImemtZi kmtcm ssa{Xo kvojvSI`nx
C{ntbm]{Itamky kZvhrky N h\w
Cujyam\ `bt{Im[ tem`tamlaZ {`amx
Xw hm I b njvSw bZv tZl IN
bm\yZoZriw I ctPmtaml kapnXw
{]m]cm[w Xw injvSm {_phtX hym[nImcWw

aeaq{XmZn thKsf _em {]hnnpI. {]h\ambXns\ XSbpI, kmlk{]hnI sNpI, AXn\mbn kv{Xotkh sNpI, NnInkmZn I sNtp kabv sNmXncnpI, ha\hntcN\mZn I bYmhn[n sNmXncnpI, hn\bn\pw hninjvSmNmcpw tem]w hcppI, ]qPymcmbhsc A]am\npI, kzbw AdnpsImv AlnXamb hnjbsf ioenpI, Ghpw DmZ{]Zambhsb ioenpI, Akabpw \njnepw kcnpI, ]m]Iw sNphcpambn _sSpI C{ntbm]{IaWobmymbn ]d kZv hrnIsf XyPnpI Chbpw Cujy, Almcw, `bw, t{Im[w, tem`w, tamlw, aZw, {`aw, Chbpw Ch P\yambpmIp am\knIhpw imcocnIhpamb Ifpw cPkvXtamKpWP\yambpmIp CXpt]msebp av Ifpw {]m]cm[hpw tcmKImcWamsWv m\nI ]dbpp.

_pym hnjahnm\w hnja {]h\w
{]m]cm[w Pm\obma\tkm tKmNcw ln X.

_pnsImp A\pNnXamb hnm\hpw A\pNnXamb {]h\hpw Npcpn {]m]cm[amsWdnbWw. B {]m]cm[w a\ns hnjbamIpp.

\nnjvSm Imekw{]m]vXn hym[o\mw tlXp kw{Ktl
Nb{]tIm] {]iamx ]nmZo\mw bYm]pc
112

Imek{m]vXn (Imens anymtbmKmXntbmK) tcmKfpsS tlXpkw{Kln (kq{Xm\nse ZoLRvPohnXobmymbn \ntinsnpXv. ""Ime_po{nbmm\mw tbmKmanym\ NmXnN. Zzbm{ibmWmw hym[n\mw {Xnhnt[m tlXp kw{Klx'' CXn. ]nmZntZmjfpsS Nb{]tIm] {]ia apv kq{Xm\nse Inbx inckobmymbn hnhcnnpv. ""Nb{]tIm] {]iax ]nmZo\mw bYm{Iaw `htyssIix jSvkpImtejz{`mKamZnjvS'' CXn.

anymZnlo\ enwKm hjmm tcmKtlXhx
Po`p {]Pom ImemIme nXnjvN bm
]qa[ym ]cmm cm{Xym bmamkv{Xbtb
tbjp Imtejp \nbXmtb tcmKmkvtX N ImePmx

icZvEXp apX hjEXphscbp Bdv EXpeWfpsS lo\anymXntbmK eWfpwtcmKtlXpfmsWv kq{Xm\nse Xnss{kjWnbmymbn ]dnpv. Blmcw Ign DSt\bpw Zlnptmgpw Zlnmepw _meynepw bu\nepw hmIynepw ]Iens BZnbnepw aynepw Aynepw cm{XnbpsS BZnbnepw aynepw Aynepw {Ian I^w, ]nw, hmXw Fnh tIm]npXmWv. Cu Imefn \nbambpw GXv tcmK DmIppthm Ahbpw ImeP\yamIpp.

At\ymZypjvtIm Zzyl{Kmln XrXobI NXpIu
tkz tkz Imte {]hmt Imte tlyjmw _emKax
GtX Nmt\y N tb tI]o ImePm hnhn[m KZmx
A\mKtX NnInkykvtX _eImeu hnPm\Xm.

Hcp Znhkw CShnpw cpZnhkw CShnpw aqv Znhkw CShnpw \mev Znhkw CShnpw DmIp Pzcw AXmXv kabppIpIbpw AXmXv kabn _esSpIbpw sNpp. AXpsImv AXpw ImeP\yamIpp. Ccw ImeP\yamb tcmKtfbpw ImeP\yambpmIp hnhn[ hn[nep av tcmKtfbpw Ah DmIpXn\p apmbn _eImesf Adnbp sshZy NnInknWw.

Imeky ]cnWmta\ PcmarXzy\nanPv#x
tcmKmx kz`mhnIm ZrjvSm kz`mthm \njv{Inbx

Imens ]cnWmawsImpmIp PcmarXyp \nanP\yamb tcmK kzm`mhnIambn ImWsSpp. kzm`mhnIambpmIp tcmKv NnInkbn. Chbpw ImeP\yamb tcmKfmIpp.

\nnjvSw ssZh i_vtZ\ Itb ]utZlnIw
tlXpkvXm]n Imte\ tcmKmWmap]e`ytX
120

apPn sNbvX I^eP\yambpmIp tcmKsf tZhi_vZwsImv ]dbsSpp. Ans\bpmIp tcmKpw ImcWw ImeamIpp.

\ln I al Inn ^ew bky \ `pPytX
{InbmLv\mx IPm tcmKmx {]iaw bmn Xbm
121

hepXpw sNdpXpamb Fm Ifpw \inpIbpw I^ew `pPnmXncnpIbpw sNpXmbm ]qPIrX P\ytcmK \inpXmIpp. (AXmbXv kI]cnXymKns ^ew {_temI{]m]vXnbmsWw). ]utZlnI IP\yamb tcmK AXmXv tcmKn\v ]d NnInksImv ianpX. AXn\v ImcW`qXamb Ibw sImv IP\yamb tcmK ianpXmIpp.

AXyp{Ki_vZ {ihWm{hWm ktim \ N
i_vZm\mmXnlo\m\mw `hn {ihWUmx
]pcptjmZv`ojWmikvXm{]nb hyk\ kqNssIx
i_vssZ {ihW kwtbmKm anymtbmKx k DnytX
122
123

Akmt{nbm kwtbmK hnhcWw  i_vZns AtbmKmXntbmK anymtbmKw  AXypnep i_vZw tIpXv i_vZns AXntbmKw ]cpjhpw `bsSpXpw Aip`hpw A{]nbhpw hyk\kqNIhpambpp i_vZw tIpXn\v anymtbmKsapw ]dbpp.

Akwkv]timXnkwkv]tim ln\kwkv]i Gh N
kv]riym\mw kw{KtltWmx kv]it\{nb _m[Ix
tbm `qXhnjhmXm\ma Imte\mKX bmx
kvt\liotXmjvWkwkv]tim anymtbmKx k DNytX
124
125

kv]i\ns AXntbmKmXntbmK anym tbmKw kv]inmXncnppXw AXy[nIw kv]inpXpw lo\kv]ihpw Npcpn kv]it\{nbn\v (Xzn\v) lm\nIcamsWv ]dbsSpp. CXn Akwkv]ihpw lo\kv]ihpw kv]i\ns AtbmKhpw AXnv]iw AXntbmKhpw BIpp. `qX]nimNmZnIfptSbpw (IoSmWp apXembhbptSbpw) hnjhmbphntbpw AImep kvt\l ioXDjvWntbpw kwkv]iw anymtbmKamIpp. (APon FtXpw ioXImev ioXkv]ihpw DjvWImev DjvWkv]ihpw anymtbmKamIpp.)

cq]mWmw `mkzXmw ZrjvSnhn\iyXn ln Zi\m
Zi\mmXn kqvamWmw kkm]yZi\m
ZznjvSss`ch_n`k ZqcmXnojvS Zi\m
Xmakm\m cq]mWmw anymkwtbmK DNytX
127

cq]ns AXntbmKmXntbmK anymtbmKw AXnbmbn PzenpXns\ t\mpXpsImpw AXnkqvaambXns\ t\mpXpsImpw Hp ImWmXncnpXpsImpw In\v \miapmIpXmWv. CXn AXnbmbn PzenpXns\ t\mpXn\v AXntbmKhpw AXnkqva Zi\hpw ktimƒZi\hpw cq]ns AtbmKhpw BIpp. A{]nbambnpXpw `bsSpXpw _o`ambnpXpw AXnZqcpXpw A[nIw ASppXpw AXn\nnXamb cq]tfbpw t\mpXn\v cq]ns anymtbmKw Fv ]dbpp.

AXymZm\ a\mPm\tamI kmymPnan b
ckt\mw hojamZm\a]mZm\ ZqjWw
128

ckns AtbmKmXntbmK anymtbmKw  ckfpsS AXnbmb D]tbmKw, Xotc D]tbmKnmXncn, ioenp hXn\p hncpambXns\ D]tbmKn, Aev]ambp]tbmKn Ch ckt\{nb tZmjs DmpXmIpp. AXnbmb D]tbmKw ckns AXntbmKhpw Xotc D]tbmKnmXncnepw Aevt]m]tbmKhpw ckns AtbmKhpw D]tbmKnp ioeapXn\p hncpamb ckns D]tbmKw anymtbmKhpw BIpp.

AXnarZzXn XoWm\mw Km\map]tkh\w
Atkh\w kvN {LmtW{nbhn\mi\w
]qXn`qXhnjZznjvSm Kmb Nm]y\mhmx
ssXKss{LmWkwtbmtKm anymtbmKx k DNytX
129
130

Kns AtbmKmXntbmK anymtbmKw  AXnarZphpw AxnXoWhpamb KfpsS D]tbmKhpw Hcp Khpw ioenmXncnepw {LmtW{nbs \innpXmIpp. CXn AXnarZphmb Ks ioenpXpw Hpw ioenmXncnpXpw AtbmKhpw XovWKs ioenpXv AXntbmKhpw BIpp. Zpw, `qXKw, hnjKw, Zpjn Kw, AImepmIp Kw Ch aWnpXn\v Kns anymtbmKw Fv ]dbpp.

CXykmm kwtbmKmkv{Xnhnt[m tZmjtIm]Wx
AkmyanXn XZznZymZv b bmXn klm\mw

C{]Imcw aqphn[nep Akmty{nbm kwtbmKw tZmjtIm]n\v ImcWamIpp. (C{nbtfmSp C{nbmfpsS kmykwtbmKw BtcmKyn\pw ImcWamIpp). Ah\h\v tbmPnpt]mIm IgnbmtXtXm AXv AkmyamsWdnbWw.

anymXnlo\ tbmtKt`ym tbm hym[ncp]PmbtX
i_vZmZo\mw k hnttbm hym[nssc{nbtIm_pss[x
thZ\m\mamiXm\mw CtXyX sslXhx kvarXmx
kpJtlXpaXkvtXzIx katbmKx kpZp`x
132
133

i_vZmZnIfpsS anymXnlo\tbmKsImv GsXmcp tcmKw DmIppthm AXv sF{obI (imcocnI) tcmKamsWdnbWw. Cu ]d Akmt{nbmkwtbmKw, _pn [rXn kvarXn hn{`wiw, ImeIfpsS lo\nanymXntbmKw Chsbmw ZpxJcq]nep thZ\Iv (tcmKv) ImcWamIpp. kpJn\v (BtcmKyn\v) ImcWw ChbpsSsbmw katbmKw Hv am{XamIpp. ChbpsS katbmKw hfsc Zp`ambncnpIbpw sNpw.

t\{nbmWn \ ssNhmmx kpJ ZpxJky tlXhx
tlXphkvXp kpJ ZpxJkytbmtKm ZrjvSXphn[x
ko{nbmWn kym tbmtKm \ N \NmkvXncpIv
\ kpJw, ImcWw XkvamZv tbmK Gh NXpn[x
132
133

kpJZpxJv ImcWw t{im{XmZn C{nbf. i_vZmZn C{nbfpa. kpJZpxJfpsS ImcWamIs ImemIfpsS AXntbmKw, AtbmKw, anymtbmKw, katbmKw Fo \mephn[ tbmKfmIpp. C{nb AhnsSbpv C{nbmfpw Dv. Fm C{nbtfmSv C{nbmv kw_ansn ZpxJhpw C kpJhpw C. AXpsImv C{nbtfmSp C{nbmfpsS \mep hn[nep kw_w XsbmWv kpJv ImcWw.

\mt{nb at\m_pn tKmNcw I hm hn\m
kpJw ZpxJw bYm b t_myw X XtYmNytX

Bmhv, C{nbw, a\v, _pn, C{nbw, Iw Ch IqSmsX kpJtam ZpxJtam DmIpX. Chsbmw IqSntcptm kpJZpxJfpsS AdnhpmIpp. AXpsImv GsXmcp kpJZpxJw F{]Imcw AdnbsSppthm B kpJs A{]Imcw ]dbsSpp.

kv]it\{nb kwkv]ix kv]tim am\k Gh N
Zznhn[x kpJ ZpxJm\mw thZ\m\mw {]hIx.
137

ChnsS ]t{nbfn kv]it\{nbsam{Xw ]dncnpXv kv]it\{nbw Fm C{nbfnepw hym]nnpXpsImmWv. AXv kq{Xm\n C{]Imcw ]dnpv. ""Xss{XIw kv]it\{nbmWm an{nb hym]Iw tNXx kahmbn'' Atm C{nbfneqsSbp {]h\w sImv imcocnIambpw a\neqsSbpap {]h\w sImv am\knIambpw cphn[nemWv kpJZpxJ DmIppXv.

CtZzjmnIm XrjvWm kpJ ZpxJm {]htX
XrjvWm N kpJ ZpxJm\mw ImcWw ]p\cpNytX
138

kpJn \nv Cmcq]nep XrjvWbpw ZpxJn \nv tZzjcq]nep XrjvWbpw DmIpp. Fm kpJZpxJv ImcWw XrjvWbmsWpw ]dbpp. CXv hrn\v ImcWw _oPamsWm _oPn\v ImcWw hramtWm Fv ]dbpXpt]msebmWv.

D]mZt ln km `mhm thZ\m{ib kwIm
kv]riytX \m\p]mZmt\m \mkv]rjvtT thn thZ\mx
139

CmtZzjcq]nep B XrjvWbmIs kpJZpxJfmIp thZ\Iv B{ibw Fv ]dbp `mhsf (icotc{nb a\pIsf) Ahew_npp. XrjvW Ahsb Ahew_nmXncnpIbmsWn C{nbfpw a\pw hnjbsf kv]inpX. hnjbsf kv]inpIbmsWn kpJZnxJmZnthZ\Isf AdnbpXpa.

XrjvWbmIs Pns ImcWamIpp. P\nm kpJZpxJcq]nep thZ\ \nbambpw DmIpp. Ftm hnjbfn XrjvW CmXncnppthm Atm C{nb{]h\fpw a\x{]h\fpw DmIpX. kpJhpw ZpxJhpw DmIpX. CXv tammhbmIpp.

thZ\m\ma[njvTm\w at\m tZl tk{nbx
tIi tema \Jm{KmW ae{ZhKqssWhn\m.
140

thZ\IfpsS A[njvTm\w FmIpp F Ccp]smmas tNmZyns Dcw  thZ\Iv B{ibw a\pw C{nbtfmSp IqSnb icochpw BIpp. tIitcmafpw \Jm{Kfpw aeaq{Xfpw HgnsIbp icocamWv thZ\Im{ibw. (ImcWw tIitcmamZnIv C{nb kw_an. Ah thZ\ AdnbpXpa).

tbmK tam N kmkmw thZ\mah\w
tamtm \nhrn \nxtijm tbmtKmtam{]hIx

thZ\Isfmw Ftm CmXmIpp F Ccp]ncmas tNmZyns Dcw  tbmKnepw tamnepw Fmhn[ thZ\IfvUpw (kwkmcZpxJpw) \nhrnbpmIpp. tamn thZ\IfvUv \ntj\nhrn DmIpXmWv. tbmKw tamns {]hIamIpp.

Bt{nb at\mm\mw knIjm {]htX
kpJw ZpxJa\mcw`mZmt a\kn ntc
\nhtX XZp`bw hinXztm] PmbtX
k icocky tbmKmkvXw tbmKarjtbm hnZp
142

tbmKeWw  Bmhv, C{nb, a\v, hnjbw ChbpsS kwtbmKw\nanw kpJhpw ZpxJhpw {]hnpp. a\v Bmhn ncambncnptm hmvsImpw icocw sImpw a\psImpw Hpw sNmXncnpIbm kpJhpw Zpxhpw CmXmIpp. Ans\bp tbmKknn hh icoctmSp IqSnbh\mbmtmepw hinXzw (C{nb{]h\sf CjvSwt]mse ASm\p Ignhv AYhm AjvssSizcfn Hv) Dh\mbnocpp. tbmKs Adnbp Ejnam AXns\ tbmKw Fv ]dbpp.

]mIetbmKkq{Xn ""tbmKx Nnhrn\ntcm[x XZm{`jvSpx kzcqt]ƒhm\w'' FmWv tbmKeWw ]dncnpXv.

BthitXtkm m\am\mw OXx {Inbm
Zrj Sn t{im{Xw kvarXnx ImncnjvSXm]yZi\w
CXyjvShn[anJymXw tbmKo\mw _essaizcw
ipkXzkam[m\m X kap]PmbtX
145

tbmKnIfpsS Fv hn[nep sFizcyw 
1. tNXtkm Bthiw, Xs a\ns\ asmcmfpsS icocn {]thinpI, tbmKZi\n ]dbpp. ""_ImcW ssiYneym {]NmckwthZ\m Nnky ]cicocmthix'' CXn.

2. Am\mwm\w  AdnbWw Fptinp Fm hnjbtfbpw F{X kqvaambmepw F{X Zqcmbmepw Fns\bmbmepw AdnbpI, tbmKZj\n ""{]hrXymtemI\ymkm kqvahyhlnX hn{]IrjvSm\w, `ph\m\w. kqtcykwbam, Nt{Xmcmhyqlm\w, {[pth XZvKXnm\w, \m`nNt{I Imbhyqlm\w, lrZtb Nnkwhn, ]cnWma{Xb kwbamZXoXm\mKXm\w CXn.

3. OXx {Inbm  Ah\h B{KlnpsXpw AXmbXv BImiKa\w apXembh sNm IgnbpI. tbmKZi\n ""ImbmIitbm'' kw_kwbam eLpXqe kam]tmImi Ka\w'' CXn.

4. ZrjvSn  FsmsmWm\m{Klnppthm AsXmsmWm\p ZnhyZrjvSnbpmbncnpI tbmKZi\n ""aqtPymXnjn knZi\w'' CXn.

5. t{im{Xw  Fv tIm\m{Klnppthm AXv tIm\p Znhyi3t#m{XapmbncnpI tbmKZi\n ""t{im{XmImitbmx kw_ kwbam Znhyw t{im{Xw'' CXn.

6. kvarXn  ]qP kvacW apXemb Znhy kvarXnbpmbncnpI. tbmKZi\n ""kwkvmc kmmmcWm ]qPmXn hnm\w'' CXn.

7. Znhyamb ImnbpnbncnpI, tbmKZi\n ""AWnamZn {]mZp`mhx Imb km\`nLmX cq]emhay _eh{P kwl\XzmZn Imb kZv'' CXn.

8. CjvSXm]yZi\w  Ah\hs CjvSn\pkcnp Am\w sNm IgnbpI, tbmKZi\n ""Imcycq] kwbam XZv{Kmly inkvXwt` Npx {]Imim kw{]tbmtKƒm\w'' CXn.

C{]Imcw tbmKnIpmIp Fv hn[nep sFizcy_es hnhcnsp. (Chsbn IqSpXembdnbWsan tbmKZi\nse hn`qXn]mZw t\mWw. Cu sFizcysfmw ipamb (cPkvXtam clnXamb) a\ns kam[m\m (a\v Bmhn ncambn AhnXambm) DmIpXmIpp.

tamtm cPkvXtamƒ`mhm _eh I kwbm
hntbmKx IkwtbmssKx A]p\`h DNytX.
146

cPkvXtamKpW \inp kXzKpWw hnmepw _ehmb Ibw hmepw I_n\nv hntbmKw hmepw AXn\v Panm Ah Asn tamw Fv ]dbpp.

kXmap]k\w kayKkXmw ]cnh\w
{hXNtcym] hmk \nbam ]EXKzn[mx
[mcWw [imkv{XmWmw hnm\w hnPt\cXnx
hnjtbjz cXntamt hyhkmbx ]cm[rXnx
IWma kamcw`x IrXm\m ]cnbx
ss\jv{Iya\lmcx kwtbmK `bZi\w
at\m_pn kam[m\ aXXz ]coWw
XXzw kvartXayp]m\m ktaX {]htX
kvarXnx ktkh\mssZy [rXnsscp]e`ytX
kvarXym kz`mhw `mhm\mw kvac ZpxJm {]apNytX
147
148

149

tamtm]mbw  k]pcpjmsc \mbn tkhnpI, Zn\sf hnpI, {_Ncym{hXw AYhm N{bWmZn {hXmNcWw ]menpI, D]hmkw ioenpI, {]tXyIhn[nep \nbaw (iuNktmj Xhkzm[yb Cuizc{]Wo[m\m \nbamx) ioenpI, [imkv{X ]TnpIbpw AX\pkcnpIbpw sNpI, Bm\w DmbncnpI, GImhmkn B{Klw, hnjbn {]oXnbnmXncnpI, tamntep {]hn, ss[cyw, ]pXnb {]hnIsfmpw XpSmXncnpI, XpSnb {]hnIsfmw sNbvXp XopI, hoSv hnv ]pdtv t]mIpI, Rms\`mhw CmXncnpI, euIoIkwtbmKn AYhm hopw P\npXn `bw ImWpI, a\pw _pnbpw GIm{KambncnpI, hkvXpfpsS XXzs AdnbpI Chsbmw bYmkvarXnbpsS kmnyn \nv {]hnpXmIpp. kvarXn X]pcpjtkh apX [rywhtcbp eWtfsmdnbpXmWv. C{]Imcw kvarXnbneqsS `mhfpsS kz`mhs kvacnph ZpxJn \nv tamNnpp. AXmbXv hopw P\nmXncnpp.

hyt ImcWm\yjv{Su kvarXnssbcp] PmbtX
\naocq]{KlWm kmZriym khnNcybm
kXzm\p _mZ`ymkm m\tbmKm ]p\{ipXm
ZrjvS{ipXm\p `qXm\mw kvacWm kvarXncpNyX
152

kvarXn GsXmn\m DmIpp FXn\v Fv ImcW ]dbpp.

1. \nan{KlWn\nv kvacW DmIpp. AXmbXv, ImcWs Inv Imcys Hmpp. ]nXmhns\ ImWptm ]p{Xs\ HmpXpt]mse.

2. cq]{KlWn\nv kvacW DmIppImn t]mns\ ImWptm ]iphns\ Hmp t]mIpp.

3. kmZriyn\nv kvacW DmIpp  AXmbXv ]nXmhn\v kZriamb ]pcpjs\ ImWptm ]nXmhns kvacW DmIpp.

4. hncq]n\nv kvacW DmIpp  InXamb cq]w ImWptm kpccq]ns kvacW DmIpp.

5. kXzm\p_n \nv kvacW DmIpp  a\n\v HnXs Ddp\nm Ftmgpw AXns kvacW DmIpp.

6. A`ymkn\nv kvacWbpmIpp, hopw hopw A`yknp Imcyw Ftmgpw kvacWbn DmIpp.

7. m\tbmKn\nv kvacWbpmIpp tbmKm`ymkwsImpmb m\n\nv Fmntbpw kvacWbpmIpp.

8. ]p\x{ipXnbn\nv kvacWbpmIpp  Hcp{]mhiyw ]Tn tmIw adpt]mbm AXv hopw tIptm AXns kvacW DmIpp.

C{]Imcw ImWpItbm tIpItbm A\p`hnpItbm sNbvX hnjbsf ta]d Fv hn[ ImcWfneqsS kvacnpXn\v kvarXn Fv ]dbpp.

GX XtZIab\w apss tamky ZinXw
XXzkvarXn_ew tb\ KXm \ ]p\cmKXmx
Ab\w ]p\cmJymXtaXZv tbmKkytbmKn`nx
kwJymX[ssx kmwssJy apss tamky Nmb\w
154
155

Pohapybn tamn\v ImWnbvs amw Cu Hv am{XamIpp. AXn\v XXzkvarXn_ew Fv ]dbpp. B XXzkvarXn_ew {]m]ntbmKn icocw XyPnm ]ns P\npX (XX kvacW cphn[nemIpp. Hv euInI XXzkvacW asmv ]mcamnI XXz kvacW. CXn tamamw ]mcamnI XXzkvacW Hv am{XamIpp). Cu XXz kvarXn _ew tbmKns amamsWv tbmKnIfm ]dbsncnpp. {]ikvXamb [hpw kmwJytbmKhpw apnv ImcWambXpsImv Ahbpw tamns amambn ]dbsncnpp.

kw ImcWhZv ZpxJakzm\nXytah N
\ Nmm IrXIw Xn X{X tNm]ZytX kzXm
bmhtm]ZytX kXym _pnss\XZlw bbw
ss\XaI N hnmb x kaXnhtX
154
155

ImcWw t]msebpsXmw AXmbXv _pylmcmZn GsXmw DmbXmtWm AsXmw ZpxJhpw XtXmXpw (BmhntXmXpw) A\nXyhpw (\inpXpw) BIpp. B ZpxJamIs Bmhn\m DmIsXpa. Rms\pw FtsXap aaX DmsXmIpp. GXv hsc kXym_pn (bYmm\w) DmImXncnppthm AXv hsc Rms\p `mhw DmImXncnpIbn. CXv Rm\ Cu ImWpsXmpw FtX Fdnbp bYm XXzm\n Cu kwkmc_n \nsmw tamNnpIbpw hopw P\nmXncnpIbpw sNpp.

Xkvanwca kw\ymtk kaqemx kthZ\mx
Akwm\hnm\m \nhnw bmytijXx

Ftm Fmhn[ Ifpw XyPnppthm Atm kthZ\Ifpw kaqew (ImcWklnIw) \inpIbpw Fmhn[ m\ hnm\fpw \ntjw CmXmIpIbpw sNpp. (B kabw Bkzcq]w am{Xambncnpw \nnIev]  khnIev]  \nbmI m\  hnm\fpw kpJZpxJfpw \ntjw CmXmIpIbpw sNpw).

AXx ]cw {_`qtXm `qXmm t\m]e`ytX
\nx krXx k`mth`yiNnw bky \ hnZytX
KXn {_hnZmw {_ Xmc aeWw
m\w {_hnZvm{X \mkvX mXpalXn
160

k\pw kXymKnbpw kkwtbmK clnX\pw {]im\pamb Bmhn\v GXv eWtfsmdnbm Ignbpw F Ccp]naqmas tNmZyns Dcw  Ftm kI XymKw sImv Fmhn[ thZ\Ifn\npw apamIppthm AXn\vtijw alXzmZn k`mhfn \npw apamIpIbpw eWsfmpw CmXmIpIbpw ]c{_n ebnpIbpw sNpXp sImWv B ]cammhns\ Hcp eWtfsmpw Adnbm IgnbpX. {_m\nIfpsS KXn {_n Xsbmbncnpw. B {_w \mianmXpw eWsfmnanmXpw BIpp. B {_s {_m\nIv am{Xsa Adnbm IgnbpIbpp. Av AXns\ Adnbm IgnbpX.

X{XmtmIx

{]iv\m ]pcpjam{inXy {XtbmhnwiXncpamx
IXn[m]pcpjotbƒkvan \nnbmkvXzZin\m

Cu IXn[m ]pcpjobmymbn ]pcpjs\ kw_n 23Da tNmZyv XXzZinbmb Bt{Xb `Khm Dcw \nbnsncnpp.

CXynthiIrtX Xt{ NcI{]XnkwkvIrtX
imcmcmt\ IXn[m ]pcpjobw imcocw
\ma {]Ytamƒ[ymbw

tmI :	\|	1-20	\|	21-40	\|	41-60	\|	61-80	\|

	\|	81-100	\|	101-120	\|	121-140	\|	141-160	\|

X{XmtmIx
{]iv\m ]pcpjam{inXy {XtbmhnwiXncpamx IXn[m]pcpjotbƒkvan \nnbmkvXzZin\m