A²ymbw þ 8

A]-kvamc \nZm\w

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                  AYmtXm ƒ]kvamc \nZm\w hymJymkymax
                  CXnlkvaml `Khm\mt{Xbx       		1
C\n A]kvamc \nZm\w Fó A²ymbs¯ Bt{Xb `Khm³ D]tZin¨Xp{]Imcw Xsó Aánthi alÀjn hnhcn¡póp.

C^Jep NXzmtcm ƒ]kvamcm `h´n hmX ]n¯I^ kón]mX \nan¯mx.   

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A]kvamcw \mephn[¯nð DïmIpóp. hmXPw, ]n¯Pw, I^Pw, kón]mXPw.

X Ghw hn[m\mw {]mW`rXmw £n{]a`n\nÀƯt´, XZyYm þ cPkvXtam`ymw D]lXtXPkmw, DZv{`m´hnja _lptZmjmWmw, kaehnIrtXm]lnXm\yiqNo\y`yhlmcPmXm\n sshjaybptàt\m]tbmK hn[nt\m]bpRvPm\m\mw, X{´{]tbmKa]nN hnjaamNcXma\ymÝ icoctNjvSm hnjamx {]Ip]nXmcPkvXtam`ymap]lXtNkmw A´cmß\x t{ijvTXaambX\w lrZbap]kwKrtlym]cn XnjvTt´XtY{µnbmX\m\n. X{X X{X NmhØnXmx kt´mbZm lrZb an{µnbmbnX\m\n tNcnXmx Imat{Im[tem`tamllÀj `btimI Nnt´mtZzmKmZn`nx `qbx klkm`n]qcb´n X`m P´px A]kvacXn.   

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\mephn[ A]kvamc§Ä C\n]dbpó hn[¯nepÅ PohnIÄ¡v £W¯nð DïmIpóp. AXv F{]Imcsaómð þ ctPmKpWw sImïpw XtamKpWw sImïpw a\Êv £oWn¨hÀ¡pw, hmXmZntZmj§Ä Xsâ amÀ¤w hn«p hnjamhØbnembn hÀ²n¨hÀ¡pw aen\hpw hnIrXhpamb {Zhy§tfmSpIqSn AipNnbmb Blmc§sf hnjtam]tbmK hn[ntbmSpIqSn D]tbmKn¡póhÀ¡pw. X{´{]tbmK§Ä IrXyambn sN¿m¯hÀ¡pw kZvhr¯n BNcn¡m¯hÀ¡pw addv icoc tNjvSIÄ sXddmbnsN¿póhÀ¡pw icocw AXnbmbn £oWn¨hÀ¡pw Cu ]dª ImcW§fmð {]Ip]nXamb hmXmZntZmj§Ä cPkvXa\ÊpIfmð \in¸n¡s¸« a\tÊmSpIqSnhcpsS A´cmßmhnsâ Gddhpw t{ijvTxØm\amb lrZb¯nepw AXpt]mseXsó C{µobØm\§fnepw sNóp\nð¡póXmIpóp. A§ns\ hmXmZn tZmj§Ä a\Ênsâ Øm\amb lrZb¯nepw C{µob§fpsS Øm\amb t{im{XmZnIfnepw AXmXv Øm\¯v sNóp\nð¡pt¼mÄ Ima þ t{Im[ þ tem` þ taml þ lÀj þ `b þ timI þ Nn´m þ DtZzKmZnIfmð hoïpw hoïpw hÀ²n¨Xmb tZmj§Ä Ft¸mÄ lrZbt¯bpw C{µobØm\§tfbpw s]s«óv \ndbv¡s¸Spópthm (B{Ian¡s¸Spópthm) At¸mÄ PohnIÄ¡v A]kvamcw DïmIpóp.

A]kvamcw ]p\xkvarXn_p²n kXzkw]vDhmZv _o`ðktNjvSamhØnXw Xax {]thiamN£tX       

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]nsó HmÀ½, _p²n, a\Êv Ch tZmj¯mð ap§nt¸mhpI\nan¯w t\{XapJmZnIÄ hnIrXamhpI, hmbnð \nóv \pchcnI apXemb _o`ðkcq]hpw I®ncp«S¡epw Xmev¡menIambpïmIpóXn\v A]kvamcw Fóv ]dbpóp.

Xtkyam\n ]pÀÆcp]mWn `h´n. XZyYm þ {`qhypZmkx kXXat£mtWmÀ sshIrXai_vZ{ihWw ememknwLmWI{khWw, Aóm`nejWatcmNImhn]mIu lrZb{Klx Ipt£cmtSmt]m ZuÀ_eyawKaÀt±m tamlkvXmatkm ZÀi\w aqÀÑm{`aÝm`oIvjvWw N kz]vt\ at\À¯\]oU\ th]YpÀhyY\]´\mZo\y]kvamc ]pÀÆcq]mWn `h´n.   

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A]kvamc¯n\v Cu ]qÀÆcq]§Ä DïmIpóp. AXv F{]Imcsaómðþ`q{]tZiw DbÀóncn¡pI. \nc´cw I®vhnIrXamhpIbpw i_vZansñ¦nepw i_vZw tIÄ¡pIbpw sN¿pI, hmbnð\nópw aq¡nð\nópw shÅsamgpIpI, Aó¯nð B{KlanñmXncn¡pIbpw AcpNnbpw Aán\m´yhpw DïmhpI, lrZb¯nð ]nSn¯w, hbdnc¼ð, _e£bw, icoc¯nð \pdp§nt\mhv, tamlmekyw, I®ncp«Sbv¡ð, aqÀÑ IqsS¡psS XeNpddð, kz]v\¯nð a¯X, \À¯\w, ]oU\w, hndbð, ZpxJw, hogvN apXembh ImWpI, Ch A]kvamc¯nsâ ]qÀÆcq]§fmIpóp.

XtXm\´ca]kvamcm`n \nÀhr¯ntch. Xt{XZa]kvamc hntij hnÚm\w `hXn. XZyYmþA`o£vWa]kvac´w £tW £tW kwÚmw {]Xne`am\apð]nWvUnXm£akmav\m hne]´apZza´wt^\wAXn BLmX {Kohamhn²inckvIw hnja hn\XmwKpena\hØnX kIvYn]mWn]mZw AcpW]cpjiymh\J\b\ hZ\ Xz]w A\hØnXNem ]cpjcq] ZÀin\w hmXem\p]ibw hn]cotXm]ibwhmtX\m]kvamcnXw hnZymð.   

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]qÀÆcq]m\´cw A]kvamcw {]ISamhpIXsó sN¿pw. \me]kvamc§fnð Htcmónt\bpw {]tXyIambn AdntbïXmIpóp. AXv F{]ImcsaómðþIqsS¡qSw A]kvamcapïmhpIbpw £W¯nð £W¯nð DWcpIbpw I®pcpïv Xpdn¨p \nev¡pIbpw AXnbmbn \nehnfn¡pIbpw \pcOÀ±n¡pIbpw Igps¯mSn¡pIbpw Xebnð kqNnsImïv Ip¯póXps]mse tXmópIbpw hncepIÄ hfbpIbpw I¿pw Imepw C«Sn¡pIbpw \Jw, I®v, apJw, Xz¡v Ch Nphópw ]cp]cp¯pw Icphmfn¨pw Ccn¡pIbpw Øncambn \nev¡m¯Xpw N]eambn«pÅXpw ]cpjambn«pÅXpamb cq]w ImWpIbpw hmXhÀ²I§fmb Blmchnlmc§fmð tcmKw ian¨pImWmXncn¡pIbpw hmX¯n\v hn]coXambhsImïv tcmKw ian¨pImWpIbpw sN¿póXv hmXm]kvamcamsWódnbWw.

A`o£vWa]kvac´w £tW £tW kwÚmw {]Xne`am\ah IqP´w Bkv^meb´w `qanw, lcnXlmcn{Z Xm{a \J\b\hZ\ XzNw cp[ntcm£ntXm{K ss`ch{]Xo]vXcpjnXcq]ZÀin\w ]n¯fm\p]ibw hn]cotXm]ibô ]nt¯\m]kvamcnXw hnZymð.   

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IqsS¡qsS A]kvamcw CfIpIbpw £W¯nð £W¯nð DWcpIbpw Iq¡nhnfn¡pIbpw \ne¯Sn¡pIbpw \Jw, I®v, apJw, Xz¡v, Ch ]¨tbm aªtbm Xm{ahÀ®tam Bbncn¡pIbpw càsamen¡pó D{Khpw `bm\Ihpw Pzen¡póXpw {Ip²hpamb cq]w ImWpIbpw ]n¯hÀ²I§fmb Blmcholmc§fmð tcmKw hÀ²n¡pIbpw ]n¯¯n\v hn]coXambhsImïv tcmKw ian¨pImWpIbpw sN¿póXv ]n¯m]kvamcamsWódnbWw.

NncmZ]kvac´w Nncm¨kwPvRmw {]Xne`am\w ]X´a\XnhnIrXtNjvSw ememapZzl´w ipIvf\J\b\hZ\ XzNw ipIvfKpcpkv\nKv²cq]ZÀin\w ivtfjvafm\p]ibw hn]cotXm]ibw ivtfjaWm]kvamcnXw hnZymð.   

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hfsc Xmakn¨p Xmakn¨p A]kvamcanfIpIbpw Xmakn¨pWcpIbpw `qanbnð hogpIbpw A[nIw hnIrXañm¯ tNjvSIfpïmhpIbpw hmbnð\nóv shÅsamen¡pIbpw \Jw, I®v, apJw, Xz¡v Ch shÅ \ndambncn¡pIbpw shfp¯pw XSn¨pw kv\nKv²XbpÅXpamb cq]s¯ ImWpIbpw I^hÀ²I§fmb Blmchnlmc§fmð tcmKw hÀ²n¡pIbpw I^¯n\v hn]coXambh sImïv tcmKw ian¡pIbpw sN¿póXv I^m]kvamcamsWódnbWw.

kathX kÀÆenwKa]kvamcw kmón]mXnIw hnZymð, Xakv[yamN£tX. CXn NXzmtcmƒ]kvamcmhyJymXmx.   

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hmXmZn aqóvtZmj§fpsS e£W§fpw Hcpan¨pIïmð AXv kmón]mXnIm]kvamcamsWódnbWw. AXv Akm[yamsWóv ]dbpóp. C{]Imcw \mephn[¯nepÅ A]kvamc§sf hnhcn¡s¸«p.

tXjmamK´pc\p_tÔm `htXyh IZmNnð, k D¯cImew D]tZ£ytX. Xky hntijhnÚm\w btYmssàÀ enwssKÀenwKm[nIyw tZmjenwKm\pcq]w Inônð.       

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A]kvamc§Ä¡v Nnet¸mÄ `qXP\yamb BK´pI A]kvamc¯nsâ A\p_Ôw DïmhpIXsó sN¿pw. AXv NnInXvkmØm\¯nð hnhcn¡póXmWv. AXnsâ hntijamb Adnhv tZmjP\yamb A]kvamc¯n\v ]dª e£W§fnð\nóv `qXmthiP\yamb e£W§Ä¡v B[nIyhpw tZmje£Ww Ipdªpancn¡pw.
At¸mÄ DòmZtcmK¯nð BK´qòmZw kzX{´amsWópw A]kvamctcmK¯nð BK´qIm]kvamcw tZmjm]kvamc§fpsS A\p_Ôamtb DïmIpópÅq Fópw AXpXsó GXm\pw Nne A]kvamc§fnse DïmIpópÅp Fópw Fñm A]kvamc§fnepw DïmIpónsñópw a\Ênem¡Ww.

lnXm\y]kvamcn`ykvXo£vWm\n ssNh kwtim[\m\yp]ia\m\n bYmkzw, a{´mZo\nNmK´p
kwtbmtK.   

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A]kvamc tcmKnIÄ¡v AXmXv tZmj¯n\\pkcn¨pÅ Xo£vW§fmb Huj[§ÄsImïv hntcN\mZn{InbsN¿póXpw Xo£vW§fmb ia\{Inb sN¿póXpw lnXIcambncn¡pw. BK´p A]kvamc¯nsâ A\p_Ôapsï¦nð a{´mZn ssZhhy]m{ib NnInÕbpw sN¿Ww.

Xkvan³ ln Z£m[zc[zwtk tZln\mw \m\mZnIjphn{ZhXmw A`n{ZhW XcW [mh\ ewL\ ]vfh\mssZyÀ tl hnt£m`ssWx ]qcm Kpðtamð]¯nc`qð, lhnx {]Kmð {]talIpjvTm\mw, `mbmð{Xmk timssIx DòmZm\mw, \m\mhn[ `pXmipNn kwkv]ÀimZ]kvamcmWmw. Pzc´pJepatlizceemS{]`hx, bð k´m]mð Xp cà]n¯w AXnhyhmbmó£{X cmPkycmPb£vtaXn.   

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imkv{X¯nð {]kn²amb Z£bmK[zwk\¯nð \m\mZn¡pIfnð HmSnbv¡s¸« PohnIÄ¡v HmSpI, \Zn apXembh \o´n¡S¡pI, {ZpXKXnbnð \S¡pI, ]«nWnInS¡pI, \o´pI apXemb icoc¯n\v t£m`apïm¡pó {]hÀ¯nsImïv ]ïv (IrXbpK¯nð) KpevatcmK¯nsâ DÛhw Dïmbn. tlma{Zhyw XnópIbmð {]tal¯ntâbpw IpjvT¯ntâbpw DÛhw Dïmbn. `bw, ¥m\n, ZpxJw ChsImïv DòmZ§fpsS DÛhw Dïmbn. \m\mhn[`qX§fpsS Aip]nkv]ÀiwsImïv A]kvamc§fpsS DÛhw Dïmbn. PzcamIs« atlizcsâ tIm]mán{]`hambpïmbn B Pzc¯nsâ k´m]w \nan¯amIs« cà]n¯w Dïmbn. \£{XcmPmhmb N{µsâ AXnssaYp\w \nan¯w £bw Dïmbn.

             `h´nNm{Xþ
                        A]kvacXn hmtX\ ]nt¯\ N It^\ N
                       NXpÀ°x kón]mtX\ {]XymtJybkvXYmhn[x    		13
hmXwsImïpw ]n¯wsImïpw I^wsImïpw kón]mXwsImïpw A]kvamcw DïmIpóp. AXnð kón]mX A]kvamcw Akm²yamIpóp.
                       km[ymwkvXp `njPx {]mÚmx km[b´n kamlnXmx
                      Xn£vssWx kwtim[ss\ssÝh bYmkzw iass\c]n.    		14
_p²nam\mb sshZy³ km[y§fmb A]kvamc§sfbmIs« AXmbXv tZmjtIm]¯n\\pkcn¨pÅ Xo£vW§fmb tim[\uj[§sfs¡mïpw ia\uj[§tfs¡mïpw NnInÕn¡Ww.
              bZmtZmj\nan¯ky `hXymK´pc\zbx
              XZm km[mcWw IÀ½{]hZ´n `njKzcmx    		15
Ft¸mÄ hmXmZntZmjw \nan¯ambpïmIpó A]kvamc¯n\v BK´phnsâ A\p_²w DïmIpópthm At¸mÄ ssZhhy]m{ibhpw bpànhy]m{ibhpamb km[mcWNnInÕ sNt¿ïXmsWóv AdnhpÅ sshZyòmÀ ]dbpóp.
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