Nidanasthanam Chapter 1

\nZm\m\w

(`m-jm-hym-Jym\ kln-Xw)

Aymbw  1

Pzc \nZm\w

tmI x

1 - 15

16 - 30

31 - 44

AYmtXm Pzc\nZm\w hymJymkymax
CXnlkvaml `Khm\mt{Xbx
1

kq{Xm\m\cw \nZm\m\nse Pzc\nZm\w F Aymbs Bt{Xb `Khm D]tZinXp {]Imcw Anthi aljn hnhcnpp.

ClJep tlXp\nanambX\w Im ImcWw {]
Xybx kapm\w \nZm\ anXy\mcw.
2

Cu {]IcWn tlXp, \nanw, BbX\w, Im ImcWw, {]Xybw, kapm\w, \nZm\w Ch AhyXymkanm GImhmNIfmIpp.

tlXp\nanmZnI \nZm\ i_vZns ]cymbfmIpp. tcmKns ImcWw F An ChnsSd i_vZ sshZy{Kn D]tbmKnpsaw. IqSmsX \nZm\i_vZwsImv \nZm\w, ]qcq]w, cq]w, (eWw), D]ibw k{m]vXn FhsbqSn a\nemWw.

tlXp\nanmZnI GIm hmNIfmsWnepw [mXztcW Nne t`Z Ahbvpv. ""X{X {]tbmPIky tlXpkwtXz\ {]tbmPIIcnNmt tlXpi_vZx, iIp\mZuN \nani_vZx, B BbXmi_vZx mt\, {Inbm\nantjp kzXt{ Iri_vZx, {InbmtlIphym]mtc ImcWi_vZx, kp]v XnMmZnjp {]Xybi_vZx, DZvKamZnjp Dm\ i_vZx. ]qcq]mZnjp NXpjp XZ[nIcW{Ktjp N \nZm\ i_vtZmhtX, tXjztjptlyImXzm`mhmZmcXzm tlXp`hXoXn. ln h\Ka\tbmx kzmZnx, IrtZymtK tlXpcnXncq]w, \n]qw antZcq]w \nanw, BMv]qw bXtX cq]ambX\w, XrPIrRx Im, WnPkyIrRx ImcWw, {]Xn]qtkyWx {]Xybx kap]qXnjvTtXx kapm\w, \n]qZm[mtXm cq]w \nZm\w, `mhm\map]n kmZtI tlXzmZbx ktht. tX\ XnZm\ antlmNytX. \nZobtX \nj]ZytX bkvam Xp tb\ XnZm\w. [zwkbNb {]tIm] {]kcWm\kw{ibm Zo\mw A]yp]nckvXoXn tXjmw tlXu \ \ncpycw {InbtX. D]e_v[nImctWƒtƒ]n \ {InbtX \ncpycw, D]e_vt[c]yp]nckvXn \NmkvXyp]tcp]ncnXn. \nZobtX \nniytX hym[nct\t\Xn \nZm\w, Zntix ]rtjmZcXzmZntXz\ cq]knnx, CtXyhw hyp] \nZm\i_vtZm t\l tlXpkmam\y]cymbXzm. AY\nnXy ZobtX {]Xn]ZytX hym[nct\t\Xn \nZm\antXyh hyp] \nZm\i_vtZm t\l{]Xn]n tlXpam{Xm`n[mbnXzm. GXZI\nZm\ i_vZkvXp Pzc\nZm\w hymJymkyma CXyt{Xm]mZw''. CXnKwKm[cx.
tlXp\nanmZnI ChnsS tcmKns ImcWw FnemWtm D]tbmKnncnpXv. sshtijnI aXn ImcWw aqphn[nemWv. kahmbnImcWw, AkahmbnImcWw, \nanImcWw, kahmbnImcWn\v D]mZm\ ImcWsap IqSndbpw. “b kathXw Imcyw Dev]ZytX X kahmbnImcWw”. bmsXmv Ftmgpw Hcpanp \npsImv Imcys Dev]mZnsSppthm AXv kahmbnImcWw. XpWnbpsS kahmbnImcWw \qemIpp. XpWn XpWnbmbn \nevptStmfw Imew \qens\ B{ibnt \nevpIbpp. AXmbXv Imcyn XpSp ImWp ImcWamWv kahmbnImcWw.
“ImtcyW ImctW\hm GIkvant kathXw k ImcWw AkahmbnImcWw.” ImcytmSpw ImcWtmSpw Htckabv tNncnp kXvImcWamWv Akahmbn ImcWw. AXmbXv \q XpWnbpsS ImcWhpw XpWn ImcyhpamWv. \q Fns\sbnepw tNpshm XpWnbmIpX. Hcp {]tXyI coXnbn XpkwtbmKw \Smse ]SambnocpIbpp. B Xp kwtbmKw ]Sns AkahmbnImcWamIpp. Atm hkvXphns Dev]nv kahmbnImcWw am{Xw t]mcm AkahmbnImcWw IqSn thWsaw. \qsImpXs ]eamXncn hkv{X Dmptm Hv asmn\nv `nampXv Cu AkahmbnImcWamIpp.

“XZp`b `nImcWw \nanImcWw” Hcp Imcyns ImcWfn kahmbn ImcWhpw AkahmbnImcWhpw Am asm ImcWfpw \nanImcWamIpp. XpWnbpsS Imcfn kahmbnImcWamb XpkwtbmKhpw AmsXbp asm ImcWfpw \nanImcWfmWv. AXmbXv XpWn s\pXn\p Xdn, HmSw, s\bvXpImc apXembhsbmw \nan ImcWsaw. CXpt]mse tcmKns ImcWw F An ]d tlXp\nanmZnIsf kahmbn ImcWntbpw AkahmbnImcWntbpw \nan ImcWntbpw ]cymbfmbn IWmmhpXmWv.

X {Xnhn[wAkmXvtay{nbmkwtbmKx, {]m]cm[x, ]cnWmatXn. AX kv{Xn[mhym[bx {]mZp`hymtbmx kuaymhmbhym,Zznhn[mm]tc cmPkmkvXmakm.	3

B ImcWw aqphn[nemIpp. 1. Akmty{nbm kwtbmKw (Zi\{ihWmZn C{nbmfpsS ln\anymXntbmKmtbmK kwtbmKw), 2. {]m]cm[w (tZlhmv a\pIsfsmp {]hnbpsS lo\anymXntbmKmtbmK kwtbmKw) 3. ]cnWmaw (hjiotXmjvWmZnIme ]cnWmans loanYymXntbmKmtbmK kwtbmK). Chsb kw_nv kp{Xm\n Xnss{kjWobsa 11mw Aymbn hniZambn {]Xn]mZnnpv. Cu ImemIfpsS lo\anymXntbmKwsImv aqphn[nep tcmK DmIpp. 1. Btbw (ss]nIw), 2. kuayw (I^Pw) 3. hmbhyw (hmXnIw) IqSmsX ctPmKpWambpw XtamKpWambpw addp cphn[nepw tcmK DmIpp.

CXn BtbmZntcmK imcocnIhpw cPkvXapI am\knIhpamIpp. “{Xnhn[mhym[bx {]Zp`hn” Fp ]dXn\nv B[ `uXnIambpw B[ymnIambpw B[nssZhoIambpw tcmK DmIpp Fv a\nemWw. am{Xa CXn A`nLmXPmZnbmb BKptcmKhpw A`hnnpv.

X{Xhym[ncmatbm KZ BXtImbIvjvamPztcm hnImtcm tcmK CXy\mcw.	4

hym[n, Babw, KZw, BXw, bvam, Pzcw, hnImcw, tcmKw Ch GIm hmNIfmIpp.

“hy[XmUt\ CXykycq]w hym[nx. AatcmtK NucmZnkvXkycq]amabanXn. KZ hymbmw hmNoXykycq]w KZ CXn kwmbmw. XIn Zuxty CXykymMv]qky cq]amXx. b]qPt\ CXn NucmZnIky kwmbmw bvam. PzctcmtK CXykycq]w Pzc CXn. hn]qIIrtWmcq]w hnImc CXn. Gjmw bYm [mXpsshjayap]mZm\w XYm Nmkmty{nbm kwtbmKmZn {Xb ImcWanXn. IpjvTmJyuj[n hntijky hym[n]cymb hmNytXz ƒmcm `mhm hym[nXzw \ {]kPytX. Xt{XXn]tZ\mtbmZo\ma\pIjWm. bvamPzctXn tcmKkmamt\y bYmhtX XYmtcmK hntitjN htX. bYm ime i_vtZm hrkmamt\y hrhntitjN htX. hnkvXtcW tcmK kzcq]w hnImtcm [mXpsshjayanXn. tmtI hymJymXanXn.” KwKm[cx.

“ ]cymbmWm a\mtcWmXmZn i_vZm\mw `bmZyXmhypZmkmZv hym[neWXzw t_m[yw BXt\ln`ba]ypNytX, hnImci_vtZ\ ln C{nbmZtbm ƒ]n tjmUihnImcmDNyt. XYmhym[ybmZni_vZm\mw hyp]ym tcmK[m eWobmx. XYmN hnhn[w ZpxJamZ[mXoXn hym[nx, {]mtbWmakaptXz\mab DNytX. BX CXn ZpJbpIvYtXz\ IrPoh\w ItcmXn. hN\m ln “B Xx Ir{Poht\.” bvai_vtZ\ N cmPbvahZt\I tcmKbpXzw hnImcmWmw ZibXn. Pzci_vtZ\ N tZla\x km]IcXzw, hnImci_vtZ\ N icoc a\tkmc\rYmIcWXzw hymt[ ZibXn. tcmKi_vtZ\ N cpPmIrXzw” CXnN{I]mWnx.

Xtkym]e_v[n\nZm\ ]qcq]epwtKm]ib kw{m]vXnX.	5

tcmKns Adnhv \nZm\w, ]qcq]w, enwKw (cq]w Asn eWw). D]ibw, k{m]vXn FnhsImv InpXmWv.

Akmty{nbm kwtbmKmZnIfm [mXp sshjayw \nanambpw AmsXbpw DmIp tcmKfpsS bYmcq]tfbpw AhbpsS hyXymktfbpw km[ymkm[ymZnItfbpw _em_etfbpw A\p_ym\p_mZnItfbpw addpw hnthNndnbpXn\p D]mbamWv Cu \nZm\]Iw. NnInk \nbnpXn\v apn tcmKs a\nemtXv BhiyamWv. AXv \nZm\]InqSnbmsX km[ya. IqSmsX Ch Apw Xpey{][m\yaphbpamWv. GsXnepw Hns\ kmcansp [cnp XnfbmhpXpa. Hcp tcmKns ]qcq]mZn\mepw a\nembnv \nZm\w a\nemImsX hm NnInbnse a{][m\amb \nZm\]cn\w kmyamsXhcpw. AXpt]mseXs \nZm\mZn asmw a\nembnpw ]qcq]w a\nembnsn ""lmcn{Zhw cp[ncaq{Xw hn\m{]talkz ln ]qcqss]x tbmaq{Xtb Xw \ htZ {]talw cky ]nky lnk {]tIm]x'' CXymZntcmKtfbpw “hmXnIPzc ]qhcqt]LrX]m\w.” “Pzcky]qhcqt] eLzi\a]XWw.” CXymZnNnInItfbpw \nbnphm km[nmsXhcpw. ]ns asmw a\nembnpw tcmKns eWw a\nemImsXhm tcmKns kzcq]m\hpw hmXmZnPXz hntijm\hpw km[ymkm[yXzmZnbpw Adnbm IgnbmsXhcpw. am{Xa tcmKeWw a\nemmsX NnInk \nbnphm\pw kmya. C\n D]ibw a\nemImsXhm tcmKns KqVambnnSp eWs a\nemphm IgnbmsXhcpw. C\n k{m]vXn a\nemm IgnbmsX t]mbmtem tcmKns A[njvTm\hpw A[njvTm\mchpw A[njvTm\n\v tcmKm{IaWw \nanapmbnp ZqjWhpw tcmK\nlcWn icocin sNp {ians kz`mhhpw AXns km^eyssh^ey apXembhbpw Adnbm IgnbmsX hcpw. Cs\ “tcmKamZu ]cotX XtXm ƒ\cauj[w XXx I`njIv ]mm\]qhw, kamNtc” Fv ]dXpt]mse NnInnp tcmKs iannphm Cu \nZm\ ]Im\w IqSntb Ignbq.

X{X\nZm\w ImcWanXypat{K.	6

\nZm\ ]Ifn \nZm\w ImcWamsWv apv ]dp Ignp.

ChnsS \nZm\i_vZwsImv \nan ImcWsbpw kahmbn ImcWsbpamWv kqNnnpXv. \nanImcWnv hn{]IrjvSImcWsapw kahmbnImcWn\v kIrjvSImcWsapIqSn ]dbpw. Pzcns en{]IrjvSImcWw cp{ZtIm]hpw knIrjvSImcWw tZmjtIm]hpamWv.

]qcq]w {]mKp]neWw hymt[x	7

Dmbn hyn `hnm t]mIp tcmKns apnepmIp eWnv ]qhcq]w Fv ]dbpp.

]qcq]w FXn\v apnepmIp eWw FmWw. tcmKeWw tcmKw DmbXn\ptijw am{Xa AXn\papnepw DmIpw. AXv Hmtcm tcmKn\pw {]tXyIambncnpIbpw sNpw. AXpsImv C tcmKw hcmt]mIpp Fv apIqnmWpIbpw sNmw. Atm ]qcq]w FXv eWwXsbmWv. ]t tcmKw AXns A[njvTm\s am{Xw B{ibnv Aev]am{Xambncnbm eWw Ahyambncnpw. AXpsImv AXns\ ]qcq]w Fv ]dbpp Ftbpp. Fm eWw sImv tZmjt`ZtqSn a\nemmw. ]qcq]n\nv AXv km[npIbn. Nne tcmKfn ]qcq]w sImpXs AXnse tZmjhntijtbpw a\nemsbphcmw. AXpsImv Nne BNmcym tZmjhntijtqSn a\nemm Ignbp ]qcq]s hninjvS]qhsapw atXns\ kmam\y ]qhcq]sapw ]dbpp. Ans\ \nZm\stmse ]qhcq]hpw cphn[nepsdnbWw. “m\ kw{ibnWx {Ipm `mhnhym[n{]t_m[Iw tZmjmx IhnbowKw ]qhcq]w cpZpNytX” CXn.

{]mZp `qXeWw ]p\epwKamIrXn eWw Nnw kwm\w hyRvP\w cq]anXy\mcanXykvant.	8

]ns Dmbnsmncnp tcmKns eWnv enwKw Fv ]dbpp. enwKw, BIrXn, eWw, Nnw, kwm\w, hyRvP\w, cq]w Ch Cu imkv{Xn GIm hmNIfmIpp.

Ahyamb ]phcq]w Xs hyambnocptm AXns\ cq]w Fv ]dbpp. enwKw, BIrXn, eWw, Nnw, kwm\w, hyRvP\w CsXmw cq]ns ]cymb i_vZfmIpp. C{Xbpw ]dXn\nv eWw aqphn[nepsv a\nemIpp. AXnsemv tcmKw Bhn`hnpXn\v apv ImWpXv. asmv tcmtKmev]ntbmSpIqSn shfnsSpXv. HSphnetXv D]amb tcmKns Ahmcn ImWsSpXv. CXn BZytXpw HSphnetXpw ]cX{fmbn KWnnp {]{Kq]hpw D]{ZhhpamIpp. AXpsImv aytXns\ am{Xta kmm eWambn IWmppp.

D]ibx ]p\tlXphym[n hn]cnXm\mw hn]coXmImcnWm Huj[mlmc hnlmcmWmap]tbmKxkpYm\p_x	9

D]ibw Fm tlXphn]coXambpw hym[nhn]coXambpw tlXphn]coXambpw tlXphym[n hn]coXambpw tlXphn]coXmImcnbmbpw hym[nhn]coXmImcnbmbpw tlXp hym[n hn]coXmImcnbmbpw D Huj[fptSbpw BlmcfpsSbpw hnlmcfpsSbpw kpJIcamb D]tbmKamIpp.

tcmK\nbw sNpXn\mbn Xevmew DNnXsav tXmp Huj[tam Blmctam hnlmctam D]tbmKnm AXpsImv tcmKn\v Aev]sanepw kpJapmbnmWpXmbm B {]bmKn\v D]ibw Fv ]dbpp. CXn\pZmlcWambn imkv{XZrjvSym NneXv hnhcnmw.

tlXphn]coXauj[wbYmioXIK^Pztc ipWvTymZypjvWw t`jPw.tlXphn]coXawbYm{iam\netP Pztc ckuZ\x.tlXphn]cotXm hnlmcxbYmZnhmkz]vt\mIt^ cm{Xu PmKcWw.hym[n hn]coXauj[wbYmAXnkmtc kvXw`\w ]mTmZn.hym[nhn]coXawbYmAXnkmtckvXw`\w akqcmZn.hym[n hn]cotXmhnlmcxbYmDZmht {]hmlWw.tlXphym[n hn]coXauj[wbYmhmXtimt^ hmXlcw tim^lcw N Ziaqew. tlXphym[nhn]coXawbYmintXmPztc DjvWmPzcLv\o bhmKpx. AYhm hmII^P{KlWotcmtK X{Ix.tlXphym[nhn]cotXmhnlmcxbYmkv\nKv[Znhmkz]v\Pmbmw X{mbmw cqw X{mho]coXw cm{XnPmKcw. tlXphn]coXm Imcyuj[wbYm]n{][mt\ ]Nyamt\ timt^ ]nIc DjvW D]\mlx tlXphn]coXm ImcywbYm ]Nyamt\ ]n{][mt\ timt^ hnZmlyw.tlXphn]coXmImcn hnlmcxbYmhmtXmamtZ imk\w.hym[nhn]coXm Imcyuj[wbYmOymw ha\ImcIw aZ\^ew.hym[nhn]coXmImcybYm AXnkmtchntcIImcIw ocw. hym[nhn]coXmImcn hnlmcwbYmOnkm[ymbmw ha\mw {]hmlWw tlXphym[n hn]coXmImcyuj[w bYmAn\mpjvtS AKpmZn\mte]x.DjvWw lntlXmhu hym[u Nm\pKpWw {]Xn`mXn.tlXphym[nhn]coXmImcywbYmaZy]mt\mt aZmXytb aZbpt aZImcIw aZyw

tlXphym[n hn]coXmImcn hnlmcw.bYmhymbmaP\nX kqVhmtX Pe{]XcWmZn cqt]m hymbmax. CXn. Cu D]ibw tcmKns KqVambnnSp eWs a\nemm ]d D]mbamsWnepw CXv kq NnInbpsS Hcp kq{X cq]w IqSnbmWv. CXv AjvSwK lrZbn D]ibw hym[nkmyw, A\p]ibw hym[ykmyw Fp IqSn ]dnpv. Dtinp tcmKw XsbmsWv \nbnp \m D]ibw klmbnpXpt]mse hn]coXkz`mhap tcmKamsWp ImWphm A\p]ibw klmbnpXmWv.

k{m]vXncmKXn PmXncnXy\mcw hymt[x kmkwJym{]m[m\y hn[nhnI] _eIme hntissj `nZytX.	10

tcmKns k{m]vXnx, BKXnx PmXnx, Ch GIm hmNIfmIpp. B k{m]vXn kwJy, {][m\yw. hn[n, hnIev]w, _eImehntijw FnhIfm ]e {]ImcInemIpp.

icocnv tcmKImcWhpambn kapmbXpapX tcmKw hyo`hnXphtctbm sshZy tcmKnsb ImWpXphsctbm DmbnpXpw hnImct`Zfm XncndnbmhpXpamb tcmKns hym]vXn{IasbmWv k{m]vXn Fv ]dbpXv. tcmKns A[njvTm\hpw A[njvTm\mchpw A[njvTm\n\v tcmKm{IaWw \nanw Dmbnp ZqjWhpw tcmK\nlcWn icocin sNp {ians kz`mhhpw AXns km^ey ssh^eyfpw Dhw IdnbpXv k{m]vXnm\w sImv km[nm\pXmIpp. BKXn, PmXn Cu cpw k{m]vXnbpsS ]cymbfmWt{X.k{m]vXnv ]e t`Zfpv. kwJymk{m]vXn, {]m[m\yk{m]vXn, hn[nk{m]vXn, hnIev]k{m]vXn, _eIme hntijk{m]vXn ChbmWv B t`Z. Chsb ASppXs hnhcnppv.
kwJymXmhZjvSu Pzcmx ]Kpamx k]vXIpjvTm \otXzhamZn.	11

kwJym k{]vXn F{]Imcsam Pzcw Fv hn[w, Kpevaw Aphn[w, IpjvTw Ggphn[w FnXymZnbmbn tcmKsf kwJymt`tZ\ XncnpImWnpXmWv kwJym kw{m]vXn.

{]m[m\yw ]p\tmjmWmw XcXam`ymap]e`ytX. X{X ZztbmkvXckv {Xnjp Xax.	12

{]m[m\y k{m]vXntZmjfpsS {]m[m\ys Xc Xa hyXymktfsmdnbpp. AXn cp tZmjw tIm]nXn hrnXchpw aqv tZmjw tIm]nXn hrnXahpw {]tbmKnpp. tZmj Hmtcmmbn tIm]nXn\v {]m[m\yansw. tZmjfpsS tIm]ns {][m\yn\\pkcnv lo\Xcw, ln\Xaw, hrXcw, hrXaw Fsms ]dbmhpXmWv.

hn[n\ma Zznhn[m hym[tbm \nPmKp t`tZ\ {Xnhn[mkv{XntZmjt`tZ\ NXphn[mx km[ymkm[y arZpZmcpWt`tZ\ ]rYIv.	13

hn[n Fv ]dbp k{m]vXntcmKw \nPw, BKp F hyXymkm cphn[nemIpp. hmXw, ]nw, I^w F {XntZmjm aqphn[nemIpp. km[yw, Akm[yw, arZp, ZmcpWw F t`Zm {]tXyIw \mephn[nemIpp. CXmWv hn[n. “hn[n {]Imtcm t`Z CXyx” CXn N{I]mWn. tcmKns hyXymks ImWnpXmWv hn[n k{m]vXn Fw.

kathXm\mw ]p\tmjmWmawimwi _ehnIt]mhnIt]mƒkvant.	14

hnIev]k{m]vXnHptNp hnImcImcnIfmbn \nevp hmX]nI^fpsS Hmtcmnsbpw IqSpX IpdhpIfpsS _ew C{X C{X AwiwhoXamsWv ImWpXn\v Cu {]IcWn hnIev]w Fv ]dbpp.

hmX ]nI^fn GsXnepw ctm aqpw IqSntbm tIm]npXv Ftmgpw Xpeyambnmbncnpw. B IpSpX Ipdhv F{XtmfamsWv Awinp ImWpXnmWv hnIev]k{m]vXn Fv ]dbpXv. IqSmsX hmXtIm]n Nnetm hmXns ioXmwihpw Nnetm eLzwihpw Nnetm cqmwihpw _ehm\mbncnpw. Cs\ tZmjfpsS KpWsf Awimwi hnIev]\Tw sNpXn\pw hnIev]k{m]vXn Fv ]dbmw.

_eImhntijx ]p\hym[o\m arXztlmcm{Xmlmc Imehn[n hn\nbtXm `hXn.	15

_eIme hntij k{m]vXntcmKfpsS _eImehntijw EXp, ]I, cm{Xn, Blmcw ChbpsS Imehn[nbm \nb{nsXmIpp. “_ekyImtem _eImex” CXn.

EXpfn {Kojvahj hmXntbpw hjicpI ]nntbpw ioXhk I^ntbpw ImefmWv. cm{XnbptSbpw ]Ientbpw `pntbpw BZys aqnsemv I^ntbpw ays aqnsemv ]nntbpw HSphnes apnsemv hmXntbpw ImefmWv Cu Imefn AXmXv tZmj hrntbm tIm]tam DmIpXpt]mse. AXmXv tZmjw {][m\ambn tIm]npmIp tcmKw AXmXv Imefn DmhpItbm hnpItbm sNpw. CXns\ XncndnbnpXmWv _ek{m]vXn. C{]Imcw kwJy, {][m\yw, hn[n, hnIev]w, _eImehntijw Cs\ Ambn hn`Pnncnp k{m]vXn sImv tcmKns hIt`Zfpw tZmjtIm]ns Gpdhpw tcmKns kzX{]cX{ t`Zhpw _eImehntijhpw DXpt]mse AdnpsImWw.

XkvamZzm[o `njK\p]lX kXz_pn tlXzmZn`n `mssh bYmhZ\p _pt[yX. CXykw{Ktlm \nZm\m\tkymnjvtSm `hXn, Xw hnkvXtctWm]Znitm `pbkvXcXatXm X\phymJymkymax.	16

AXpsImv AhnIrXa\pw _pnbpap sshZy tlXzmZn \nZm\]I `mhfm tcmKsf thXpt]mse a\nemWw. C{]Imcw \nZm\]Ins kmcw Npcpn \nZm\m\s Dtinp ChnsS ]dp. AXns\ hnkvXcnp hopw Xc Xa t`Zm\pkmtcW tcmKw{]Xn Cu m\nepw NnInm m\nepambn hnhcnpp

X{X {]YaX Ghw XmhZmZym tem`mXnt{Zml tIm] {]`hm\jvSu hym[n \nZm\ ]qtW {ItaWm\phymJymkymax. XYm kq{X kw{Klam{Xw NnInkmbmx, NnInkntX tNmcImew btYmnjvSw hnImcmWmw. CleJp Pzc GhmZu hnImcmWmap]ZniytX X {]YaXzmmcocmWmw.	17

ChnsS BZywXs tem`w, lnwk, tIm]w ChsImpmIp apJyamb FptcmKsf \nZm\]qIambn {Ian hnhcnmw. AXp]seXs NnInkbpsS kq{Xhpw Npcpn hnhcnpXcmw. NnInkmm\n tcmKfpsS DcImew DtinXpt]mseXs hnhcnpXcmw. ChnsS tcmKfpsS Iqn BZywXs Pzcs D]tZinphm ImcWw AXv imcocnItcmKfn apJyambnpXmWv.

AY JezjvSm`yx ImctWt`ymx Pzc kwPmbtX a\pjymWmw. XZyYmhmXm ]nm I^m hmX]nm`ymw hmXI^m`ymw ]nivtfjvam`ymw hmX]nivtfjva`yx BKtmcjvSam ImcWm.	18

a\pjyv Fv ImcWtfsmv Pzcw DmIpp. AXv F{]ImcsamhmXwsImpw ]nwsImpw I^w sImpw hmX]nw sImpw hmXI^w sImpw ]nI^wsImpw hmX]nI^wsImpw FmatXmb ImcWw BKphpw BIpp.

Xky \nZm\]pcq] enwtKm]b k{m]vXn hntijm A\phymJymkymax.	19

Pzcns \nZm\w, ]qcq]w, eWw, D]ibw k{m]vXn Fo hntijsf hnhcnpXcmw.

XZyYmcp eLpioX ha\ hntcN\mm]\intcmhntcN\mXntbmK hymbma thKkmcWm\i\m`nLmX hyhmtbmtZzK timItimWnXm`ntjIPmKcW hnjaicoc\ym tkt`ym ƒXn tkhntXtZymhmbpx {]tIm]am]ZytX.	20

AXv F{]Imcsamcqw, eLp, ioXw, ha\w, hntcN\w, IjmbhkvXn, intcmhntcN\w ChbpsS AXntbmKwsImpw AXnhymbmawsImpw aeaq{XmZn thKsf XSppIsImpw ]nWnInSpIsImpw ASn, CSn apXembh GevpIsImpw AXnssaYp\wsImpw `bw, ZpJw, c{kmhw, Ddsmgnb, icocw hnjacq]n hbvpI ChbpsS AXntkhsImpw hmbptIm]w DmIpp.

k bZm{]]nXx {]hniymamibaqjvaWx m\apjvaWm kl an{io`pX BZyamlmc ]cnWma [mXpwck\mam\w A\zthXy cktkzZhlm\n t{kmXmw kn]n[mbmn ap]lXy ]nm\m DujvamWw _ln \ncky tIhew icoca\p]ZytX, XZmPzca`n\nhbXn.	21

\nZm\m\cw hmXPzc k{m]vXnsb ]dbpp. cqeLpioXmZnIfm {]Ip]nXamb hmbp Ftm Anm\amb Bamibn {]thinnv AntbmSpIqSntv BZyw Blmc]mN\w sImpmbnsmncnp ckw Fv t]cmb [mXpsh A\pKannv ck[mXpthbpw hnbnt\bpw hlnp t{kmXpIsf ASnv Ansb ao`hnnp ]mIm\p\nv Ansb shfnv \ncknpIbpw sNbvXnv (B AntbmSpIqSn) icocw apgph\pw hym]nppthm Atm B hmbp Pzcs {]ISampp.

Xtkyam\n enwKm\n `hn XZv bYmhnjamcw`hnknXzw DujvatWm sshjayw Xo{hX\n`mhm\hm\m\n Pzcky, PnWmt Znhkmt \nimt Lmt hm Pzcm`ymKa\a`nhrn hm PzckyhntitjW ]cnjmcnWhXzw \J\b\ht\ aq{X]pcojXzNmw AXyw Ivfr]vXo`mh.At\Ihnt[m]amem Nem thZ\mkvtXjmw tXjmaw Kmhbhm\mw. XZv bYm]mZtbmx kp]vXXm]nWvUnImbmcptZzjvSXw Pm\pt\mx tIhem\m ko\mw hnivtfjWaptmx kmZx ISo]miz]rjvTkvI _mlzwtkmckm `cpKvWarZnXa YnXNSnXmh ]oUnXmh\pXzanh, lt\zm{]knnx kz\Itbmx iwJtbmx \nkvtXm`x IjmbmkyXm Akysshckyw hm apJXmepIWvTtimjx, ]n]mkm lrZb{Klx ipjvIevnx ipjvIImkx hYqZvKmchn\n{Klx AcktJ`x{]tkImtcmNImhn]mImx hnjmZPrw`mhn\math]Yp{ia{`a {]em]{]PmKcW tcmalj ZljmxXtYmjvWmZn ]mbXm \nZmt\mm\p]itbm ]n]cotXm]ibtXn hmXPzcenwKm\nkyqx.	22

hmXPzcn\v C\n ]dbp eW DmIpp. AXv F{]ImcsamPzcw hcpXpw hnSpXpw A\nnXambncnpI, NqSv Nnetm Ipdpw Nnetm IqSnbpancnpI, Nnetm Pzcw Xo{hambpw Nnetm aambpancnpI, Blmcw ]mIw hXn\ptijhpw sshIptchpw ]pepw hjEXphnepw Pzcw DmhpItbm hnpItbm sNpI, \Jw, Iv, apJw, aq{Xw, aew, Nw Chbvv hntijnpw ]cn]cnpw NphzhpapmIpw. aeaq{X t]mImXncnpItbm Aev]ambntmIpItbm sNpw. AXmXhbhv ]e amXncn D]aItfmSpIqSnbXpw Anchpw nchpamb thZ\I DmIpw. AsX{]Imcsam cv ImepIpw Xcnv Imh DcppIbdpI, Imappw apgph knIfpw ths]SpXpt]mse tXmpI, XpS cpw Xfpt]mIpI, Acsv apdnpt]mIpXpt]msebpw hmcnbn thZ\bpw apXpIn anpXpt]msebpw NpaepI aY\w sNpXpt]msebpw ssII ]nfpXpt]msebpw sXmfpI AapXpt]msebpw amdnSn IppXpt]msebpw tXmpI, XmSnsbpI Cfm IgbmXmIpI, cv ImXnepw apgapmhpI, irwJ{]tZifn Ipnt\mhpmhpI, hmbvv Nhpcktam AYhm sshckytam DmIpI, hmbpw Ampw IWvThpw hdpt]mhpI, ZmlapmhpI, lrZbn\v ]nSnapmhpI, Xpm\nm hn[n ipjvIambn OnpIbpw NpabvpIbpw sNpI, Xpepw Ghpw Dmhm hnv DmImXncnpI, Ackn B{KlanmXncnpI, hmbn shw DudpI, AcpNn, ZmlanmbvI, hnjmZw, aqcn\nhc, AwK tImnhen, hndb, oWw, Xeapdd, t]]db, DdnmbvI tcmamw, ]vXcnv ChbpmhpI, NqSpXn B{KlapmhpI, \nZm\n ]d tcmKImcWfmb Huj[mlmchnlmcsImv Pzcw hnpIbpw hn]coXambhsImv Pzcw ianpImWpIbpw sNpI Ch hmXPzcns eWfmIpp. (cqeLpioXmZnItfsmv hnpIbpw kv\nKv KpcqjvWmZnItfsmv ianpImWpIbpw sNpI Fw).

DjvWmavf ehWmc ISpImPo t`mPt\mt`ym ƒXntkhntX`yx XYm XovWmX]mnkm] {iat{Im[ hnjamlmtc`y ]nw {]tIm]am]ZytX.	23

]nPzcns \nZm\wNqSv, ]pfn, Dv, mcw, Fcnhv Chbp {Zhy AXnbmbp]tbmKnpIsImpw APoaptm Blmcw IgnpIsImpw AXps]mseXs XoWXbp shbnentbpw Xontbpw NqtSpIsImpw oWw t{Im[w, hnjamlmcw ChsImpw ]ntIm]w DmIpp. (IqSpXtem Ipdthm Blmc Imen\v aptm ]ntm Ignp Blmcn\v hnjamlmcw Fv ]dbpp).

XZv bZm {]Ip]nXamamibw {]hni GthmjvamWap]krPZmZyamlmc ]cnWma[mXpw ck\mam\w A\zthXy cktkzZhlm\n t{kmXmwkn ]n[mb {ZhXzmZnap]lXy ]nm\mZpjvamWw _ln\ncky {]]oUb tIhew icoca\p {]]ZytX,XZm Pzca`n\nhbXn.	24

]nPzck{m]vXnDjvWmehWmZnIfm {]Ip]nXamb ]nw Ftm Bamibn {]thin AntbmSpIqSntp BZyw Blmc ]mN\w sImppbnsmncnp ckw Fv t]cmb [mXpsh A\pKannv ck[mXpthbpw hnbnt\bpw hlnp t{kmXpIsf ASnv kzw KpWamb {ZhXzw sImv Ansb ao`hnnp ]mIm\v \nv Ansb shfnv \ncknpIbpw sNbvXnv ]oUbpmnsmv icocwapgph hym]nppthm Atm ]nPzcs {]ISampp.

Xtkyam\n enwKm\n `hn. XZv bYmbpK]tZhtIhte icotc Pzckym`ymKa\w A`nhrn hm,`pky hnZmlImte aynt\ Xcmt{X icZnhm hntijW, ISpImkyXm, {LmWapJIWvTujvTXmep]mIkvXrjvWm atZm {`tam apm ]n\w AXnkmtcm XtZzjx kZ\w tkzZx {]emt]m ctImT`n\nhrnx icotc. lcnX lmcn{ZXzw \J\b\hZ\ aq{X]pcojXzNmaXyapjvaW kvXo{h`mthm XXnam{Xw ZmlxioXm`n{]mbXm\nZmt\mm\p]itbm hn]cotXm]ibtXn ]nPzcenwKm\n `hn.	25

]nPzcn\v Cu ]dbp eW DmIpp. AXv F{]ImcsamHtckabv Pzcw icocn apgph hym]npItbm hnpItbm sNpI, `Ww Zlnp Ahkcntem a[ymntem Acm{Xnbntem icZvEXphntem hntijnpw Pzcw hnpI, hmbvv Fcnhvckw, aqnepw hmbnepw IWvTnepw Npnepw Amnepw ]gppmhpI, Zmlw, XeNpdd, at\mhn{`aw, tamlmekyw, ]nw OnpI, AXnkmcw, Blmcw thmbvI, Xf, hnbv, t]]db, icocn c\ndnep tImTfpmhpI \Jw, Iv, hmbm, aq{Xw, aew, Nw Fnhbvv ]\ndtam a\ndtam DmhpI, NqSv AXnXo{hambncnpI, AXnbmb Npp\odepmhpI, XWppXns\ CjvSsSpI, \nZm\ambn ]dnphsImv A\p]ibhpw \nZm\hn]coXambhsImv D]ibhpw DmIpp. ]nPzceW C{]ImcamIpp.

kv\nKv Kpcpa[yc ]nne inXmavf ehWZnhmkz]v\ ljmhymbmtat`y XXnZkhnXw`yxivtfjvam {]tIm]am]ZytXx.	26

I^Pzcns \nZm\wkv\nKvX, KpcpXzw, a[pcw hgphgpv, kv]inepw hocynepw ioXw, ]pfn, Dv Fnhbp {Zhy AXnbmbn ioenpIsImpw ]IepdpIsImpw ktmjhpw Ahymbmahpw AXnbmbn ioenpIsImpw I^tIm]w DmIpp.

kbZm {]Ip]nXx {]hniymaibaqjvaWm kl an{in`pb BZyamlmc]cnWma[mXpw ck\mam\a\zthXy cktkzZhlm\n t{kmXmwkn ]n[mbmnap]lXy]nm\m DujvamWw _ln\ncky {]]oUb tIhew icnca\p{]]ZytX, XZmPzca`n\nhbXn.	27

kv\nKvmZnIfm {]Ip]nXamb I^w Ftm Bamibn {]thinp AntbmSpIqSntp BZyw Blmc]mN\wsImpmbnsmncnp ckw Fv t]cmb [mXpsh A\pKannv ck[mXpthbpw hnbnt\bpw hlnp t{kmXpIsf ASnv Ansb ao`hnnp ]mIm\p \nv Ansb shfnv \ncknpIbpw sNbvXnv ]oUbpmnsmv icocw apgph hym]npIbpw sNppthm Atm I^Pzcs {]ISampp.

Xtkyam\nenwKm\n `hn. XZv bYmbpK]mtZh tIhte icotc PzckymZymKa\a`nhrn hm. `pamt{X ]qmt ]qcmt{X hkImte hm hntitjW. KpcpKm{XXzw Am`nemjx ivtfjva{]tktIm apJam[pcyw lrmtkm erZtbm]te]xkvXnanXXzw OnarZznXm \n{Zm[nIywkvXw `kvX{m Imkx izmkx {]Xniymbx ssiXyw ssiXy \J\b\ hZ\ aq{X]pcojXzNmaXyioX ]nUIm `riawtK`y DnjvTnn, DjvWm`n{]mbXm \nZmt\mm\n]itbm hn]cotXm]ibtXnivtfjvaPzcenwKm\n `hn.	28

Ans\ {]ISamb I^Pzcnv Cu hn[nep eW DmIpp. AXv F{]ImcsamHtckabvXs icocn apgph Pzcw hym]npItbm hnpItbm sNpI. Blmcw Ign DSs\tbm cmhnsetbm kytm hkEXphntem hntijnpw Pzcw hnpI, icocn\v L\w tXmpI, Blmcn B{KlanmXncnpI, I^{]tkIapmhpI, hmbvv a[pcckw, s\v Ienv, lrZbn Ftm ]qinbXpt]mse tXmpI, icocn \\ hkv{Xw ]pXXpt]mse tXmpI, On, Anamyw, IqSpX Ddv, AwK kvXw`npI, aSn, Imkw, izmktcmKw, ]o\kw (aqsmenv) ioXw ChbpmhpI, \Jw, Iv, apJw, aq{Xw, aew, Nw Fnh AXnbmbn shfpncnpI, AwKfn IqSpX ioX]nSII s]mnmWpI, NqSpXn B{Klw, \nZm\ambn ]dnphsImv A\p]ibhpw \nZm\hn]coXambhsImv D]ibhpw DmIpp. I^PzceW C{]ImcamIpp.

hnjami\mZ\i\mZ ]cnhmZrXphym]txAkmyKtm]{LmWm hntjm]Xky tNmZItkym]tbmKm Ktct`ym KncoWmtt]ivtfjmkvt\l tkzZhZ\hntcN\mm]\m\phmk\intcmhntcN\m\mw AbYmh {]tbmKm anYymkwk\mZzm kv{XoWm hnja{]P\\m {]PmXm\mantYym]tbmKmbtYmm\ tlXp\mw an{io`mhm bYm\nZm\w Zzzm\ma\yXax kt hm {Xtbm tZmjm bpK] {]tIm]am]Zyt, tX {]Ip]nXmkvXssYhm\p ]qhymPzca`n\nhbXn. X{XbtYmm\mw PzcenwKm\mw an{io`mh hntijZi\m ZzmzoIa\yXaw Pzcwkmn]mXnIw hmhnZym.	29

ZzmznIkmn]mXnI Pzc\nZm\w. hnjamlmcw sImpw D]hmkwsImpw Blmc]cnh\w sImpw (XymPyambXns\ s]sv XyPnpIsImpw {KlyambXns\ t]sv kzoIcnpIsImpw) AXmXv EXpfpsS KpWns AtbmKmXntbmKanymtbmKw tImpw, kmyam Kw hmk\npIsImpw, hnjwIe shw IpSnpIsImpw Iqphnjw D]tbmKnpIsImpw, ]Xkm\pfn XmaknpIsImpw kvt\ltkzZha\hntcN\Bm]\A\phmk\intcmhntcN\fpsS sXmb {]tbmKwsImpw t]bmZn kwk\{InbbpsS sXddmb ioewsImpw kv{XoIv AIme {]khw apXembhsImpw {]khNnInk thXpt]mse sNmXpsImpw hmXmZntZmjv Hmtcmn\pw ]d \nZ\ns kn{iWwsImpw GsXnepw cv tZmj HnptNpw AYhm aqptZmj HnptNpw tIm]npXmIpp. Ans\ tIm]np tZmj apv ]dXpt]mse Pzcs Dmpp. (CXv k{m]vXnbmIpp.) apv hmX]nIPzcv ]d eW Cucmtbm aqpw IqSntbm an{iambnm kmwknIPzctam kmn]mXnIPzctam BsWv a\nemWw.

A`nLmXm`njwKm`n Nmcm`ncmt]`yx BKpln hyYm]qtm XjvStam Pztcm `hn k Inn ImeatKpx tIhtem`qXzm ]mnssP tZmssjc\p_ytX. X{Xm`nLmXtPm hmbp\m ZpjvStimWnXm[njvTmt\\, A`njwKPx ]p\hmX]nm`ymw A`nNmcm`nim]Pu Xp kn]mtX\m\p_tytX.k k]vXhn[m PzcmZv hninjvS enwtKm]{Ia kapm\XzmZv hninjvtSmthZnXhyx, IWm km[mctW\tNm]{IayX CXyjvThn[m Pzc{]IrXncpm.	30

A`nLmXw (ASn, CSn apXembh), A`njwKw (ImatimImZnIfpsSbpw `pXt{]XmZnIfptSbpw tcmKmWpfptSbpw kwkw), A`nNmcw (Zpa{hmZw) A`nim]w (KpcphrknmZnP\fpsS im]w) Cu ImcWsImv FmaXmbn ]d BKpPzcw DmIpp. (hyY]qw Fv ]dXpsImv BKpPzcn BZyw ]eamXncn tifpmhpIbpw ]noSv tZmjm\p_apmhpIbpw sNpp Fw. IqSmsX BKpPzcns ]qcq]w hyYbmsWpw ]dbmw.) B BKpPzcw IpdpImew (ctm aqtm Znhkw) BKphmbns \nnv ]noSv imcocnItZmjamb hmX]nI^fpsS A\p_apXmbnocpp. Ahbn A`nLmXPzcw ZpjvScm[njvTm\w \nanw hmXm\p_ambpw A`njwKPzcw hmX ]nm\phambpw A`nNmcm`nim]zcamIs kn]mXm\p_ambpw DmIpp. B AKpPzcw apv ]d Ggphn[Pzcn\nv `namb eWhpw NnInbpw \nZm\hpw DXmbXpsImv {]tXyIambnpXpXsbmsWdnbWw. BKpPzcnv km[mcWInqSnbp NnInk sNWw. AXmbXv ssZhhym]m{ibambpw bpnhy]m{ibhpamb NnIn am{Xta sNtXpp Fpw CXn\nv a\nemWw. C{]Imcw Fv hn[nep Pzc{]IrXnsb hnhcnp.

PzckvtXzI Gh km]eWx. Xtahm`n{]mbhntijm Zznhn[amNtX \nPmKphntijm.X{X\nPw Zznhn[w {Xnhn[w NXphn[w ]hn[wk]vXhn[ PKp`njtPm hmXvZn hnI]m.	31

Fm Pzcnepw km]eWw DXpsImv Pzcns kzcq]w HpXsbmIpp B PzcsXs tcmKn ioXs B{Klnp Pzcnv inXm`n{]bPzcn\v inXmjn{]bPzcsapw DjvWs B{Klnp Pzcn\v DjvWm`n{]mb Pzcsapw cphn[nembpw \nPw, BKp F hyXymkm cphn[nembpw ]dbpp. AXn \nzcw hmXmZntZmjfpsS hnIev]w \nanw sshZym cphn[nembpw aqphn[nembpw \mephn[nembpw Aphn[nembpw Ggphn[nembpw ]dbpw.

cv hn[PzcwHv GItZmjw, cv an{itZmjPw. CXns\ kuayPzcsapw BtbPzcsapw cphn[nembpw IqSmsX AthKsapw _lnthKsapw {]mIrXsapw sshIrXsapw km[ysapw Akmysapw arZpshpw ZmcpWsapw cmPksapw Xmaksapw addpw cmbn ]dbmhpXmWv. {Xnhn[Pzcw1. hmXPw, 2. ]nPw, 3. I^Pw, AYhm GItZmjP, ZzntZmjPw {XnsZjPw Fnns\ aqmbn ]dbmw. NXpn[Pzcw 1. hmXPw, 2. ]nPw, 3. I^Pw, 4. an{itZmjPw, CXns\ km[ymkm[yarZpZmcpWambpw \membndbmw. ]hn[PzcwhmXPw, ]nPw, I^Pw, ZzzPw, {XntZmjPw, CXns\ kXw, kXXw, At\yZypx {XnXobIw, NXpIw Cns\ Ambpw ]dbmw. k]vXhn[PzcwhmXPw, ]nPw, I^Pw, hmX]nPw, hmXI^Pw, ]nI^Pw, hmX]nI^Pw CXns\ ckmZnk]vX[mXpKXPzcambpw ]dbmhpXmWv.

Xtkyam\n ]qcq]mWn`hn. XZyYmapJsshckyw KpcpKm{XXza\m`oemj ptjmcmIpeXza{izmKa\w \n{Zm[nIyw AcXnx Prw`m hn\mtamth]Ypx {ia{`a{]em] PmKcW tcmaljZljmx i_vZioXhmXmX] klXzmk lXzatcmNImhn]mIu Zu_eyawKax kZ\a]{]mWXm ZoLkq{XXmekyaqNnXky ItWm lm\nx {]Xo]XmkzImtcyjp KpcqWmwhmtIyjz`ykqbm _mte`yx{]tZzjx kz[tjzNnm ameym\pte]\t`mP\ Ivtfi\w a[ptc`y `ty`yx {]tZzjx DjvWmavfehW ISp{]nbXmtNXn Pzcky ]qhcq]mWn `hn {]mIvkm]m, A]nssN\w km]ma\p_[v\n.	32

\nzcnv Cu ]qcq] DmIpp. AXv F{]Imcsam hmbvv hnckX, icocmhbhv KpcpXzw, Blmcn B{KlanmXncnpI, IvIepI, In\nv shwhcnI, A[nIamb Ddw, Hnepw kpJw tXmmbvI, aqcn \nhcpI, tIm, hndb, oWw, XeNpdd, t]]db, DdnmbvI, tcmamw, ]vXcnv, i_vZwioXwImddv shbn Chbn ImcWw IqSmsX B{Klhpw shdppw DmhpI, AcpNn, Anamyw Zp_eX, icocn \pdpnt\mhv, Xf, lrkzambnv ASnSn izknpI, ZoLkq{Xw, Bekyw, km[mcWbmbn sNm Ignbp {]hn sNm IgnbmXncnpI, kzwImcyn {]XnIqe`mhw, KpcpP\fpsS A\pIqe hmnt]mepw tZmjw ImWpI, IpnIsf shdppI, kymh\mZn \nXy{InbIfn {ibnmXncnpI, ame, Ipdnqv, `Ww, Ch D]tbmKnpXn tiw, a[pcap `Wkm[\sf shdppI, NqSv, ]pfn, Dv, Fcnhv Chsb CjvSsSpI C{]Imcw Pzcns ]qcq]w Ih\v ]noSv Pzcns {][m\ eWamb NqSv hyamhpIbpw tZmjm\p_w DmhpIbpw sNpp.

CtXyXmt\yssIIi PzcenwKm\n hymJymXm\n `hn hnkvXc kamkm`ymw.	33

C{]Imcw Hmtcmmbn Pzcns eW ]qcq]w, \nZm\w apXembhsb hnkvXcnpw Npcpnepw ]dbsp. (hnkvXcnp hmXmZnPzctfbpw Npcpn kwkkn]mX Pzctfbpw hnhcnp Fw.)

PzckvXpJep atlizctIm] {]`hx k{]mWn\mw {]mWlcx, tZtl{nb a\kvXm]Icx, {]RvPm_ehltjm kml{lmkIcx, {iaIvftamlmlmtcm]tcm[m kwP\\x, PzcbXn icocmWoXn Pzcw, \mt\y hym[bkvXYm ZmcpWm _lq]{Zhm ZpnInkym bYmh, k ktcmKm[n]Xn\mXncyKv tbm\njp N jlphnss[x i_vssZc`n[obtX, k{]mW`rX k Pzcm Gh Pmbt kPzcm Gh {anbt, k almtamlx. tX\m`n`qXmx{]mKvssZlnIw tZln\x InnZ]n \ kvacn, kh{]mWn\m Pzc Ghmt {]mWm\mZt.	34

PzcsatcmKw \nbambpw inhs tIm]n\npmbXmIpp. kPohnIfptSbpw {]mWs\ \innpXmWv. icocw, C{nbw, a\v Chbvv km]s DmpXmWv. {], _ew, hw, ktmjw, Dmlw Chsb IpdpXmWv. oWw, Xf, tamlmekyw, Blmcn\v XSw Chsb DmpXmWv. icocn\v km]s DmpXpsImv Pzcw Fv ]dbpp. (Pzckmt]) Pzcstmse ZmcpWhpw At\I D]{ZhtfmSp IqSnbXpw ZpnInyhpamb addv tcmK C. ktcmKfptSbpw A[n]XnbmIpp. \m\mhn[ XncytKym\n PohnIfn Dmbm \m\mhn[ t]cpIfm ]dbsSpIbpw sNpp.

“]mIex kXp \mKm\maZnXm]kvXphmPn\mw Khmaoizckwam\hm\mw PztcmaXx APmho\mw {]em]mJyx Ict`Nmetkm`th lmcnt{Zm amlnjmWmp arKtcmtKm artKjpN ]oWma`nLmXkvXp atkyjzn{aZtXm aXx ]]mXx ]XwKm\mw hymtfjznI kwIx” CXn.

Fm PohnIfpw B PzctmSpIqSns P\npIbpw B PzctmSpIqSns acnpIbpw sNpp. B PzcwXs P\\acW kabfn almtamlcq]ambnocpp. Ans\bp tamlw ]nSns]SpI \nanw apPnep Hpw Xs Hmm Ignbpn. Fm {]WnIfptSbpw Pohs\ PzcwXs AyImev A]lcnpIbpw sNpp.

X{X ]qhcq]Zit\ PzcmZu hm lnXw eLzi\a]XWw hm Pzckymamib kapXzm. XXxIjmb ]m\m`ywK kvt\ltkzZ {]tZl ]cntjIm\pte]\ ha\hntcN\m m]\m\phmkt\m] ia\\kvXx I[q][qa ]m\m\ oct`mP\ hn[m\m bYmkzw bpym {]tbmPyw.	35

Pzcns ]qcq]w IXntem, BZnbntem eLpt`mP\tam AYhm D]hmktam ioenpXv \XmIpp. AXmbXv Pzcn\v _ew IpdhmsWnepw hmXPzcamsWnepw t]bmZneLpt`mP\w ioenWw. Pzcn\v _eapsnepw I^P\yamsWnepw D]hmkw ioenWw. ImcWw \nhcns Dhm\w BamibamsWpXmWv. eLzi\m]XWm\cw Ijmb]m\w, FtXv, hnbn, acpcp]pc, [mc, A\pte]\w, ha\w, hntcN\w, IjmbhkvXn, kwia\{Inb, [q]\kyw [qa]m\w ARvP\w, ncmlmcw Fo hn[n tZmjZpjytZiImeam{XmZnIsf Nnnp bpn]qw {]tbmKnWw.

PoPztcjp Xp kthtjzh knjx ]m\w {]ikytX bYmkzuj[ knkyx kn ln kvt\jmZv hmXw iabXn kwkvImcm I^w ssiXym ]naqjvamWtm] iabXn. Xkvam PoPztcjp kthtjzh knlnXapZI anhmn]vfpjvtSjp {ZthyjznXn.	36

FmPoPzcfnepw AXmXn\pkcn hn[nep Huj[ tNp ]mIw sNbvX kvt\ls ]m\w sNpXv Gddhpw \XmIpp, s\mIs AXns kv\nKvXsImv hmXs iannpp. ISpXnmZn I^lc{ZhykwkvImcwsImv I^s iannpp. ioXhocywsImv ]ntbpw Pztcmjvamhnt\bpw iannpp. AXpsImv PoPzcfnsemwXs kvt\l]m\w Ip Xobn shsamgnmset]mse lnXambnpXmWv.

PoPzcw Fv ]dm NpcpnbXv ]v Znhksanepw ewL\mZnI ioenp I^ia\w h PzcamsWw. AhnsSbmWv kvt\l]m\w hn[nncnpXv. AXpXs AXmXp tZmj\pkcn Huj[ tNp ]mIw sNbvXXmbncnpIbpw thWw. PoPzcfn kvt\l]m\w \XmsWv ]dXpsImv APoPzcfn Asn BaPzcfn AXmbXv \hPzcfn kvt\l]m\w \njnamsWv a\nemWw. ImcWw “kmta ln kam\ KpWXzm knclnXw” CXn.

`hnNm{X

bYm {]PmenXw thiva ]cnjnnn hmcnWm \cmx imna`nt{]Xy XYm PoPzmcLrXw.	38

F{]Imcw Insmncnp honse Xov shw sImv \\m ianps]mIppthm A{]Imcw PoPzcn kvt\l]m\w sNbvXm Pzcw ianp t]mIpXmWv.

kvt\lmZzmXw iabXn ssiXym ]nw \nbXn LrXw XpeyKpWw tZmjw kwkvImcm Xp Ptb I^w	39

s\v AXns kv\nKvKpWwsImv hmXs iannpp. ioXhocyw sImv ]ns \nb{npp (ASpp) Xs XpeyKpWapXmb tZmjs AXmbXv I^s I^lc {ZhykwkvImcw sImmIs PbnpIbpw sNpp.

\m\ymx kvt\lkvXYm In kwkvImc a\phtX bYmkncXx knx kkvt\tlmaw aXw	40

s\smgnsI addv kvt\l{ZhysfmpwXs kwkvmcs A\phnpX. AXpsImv s\v Fm kvt\l{Zhyfnepw hv DaambXmIpp.

s\n XntmjWmZn I^lc{Zhy tNp kwkvcnm s\pw I^lcambnocpXmWv, Fm ssXemZn kvt\l{Zhyfn I^lamb XntmjWmZn {Zhy tNp kwkvIcnm ssXemZnI I^lcambnocpX. AXmbXv ssXemZn kvt\l{Zhy kwkvImcKpWs A\phnpXsw. Atm s\msX addv kvt\l{Zhy PoPzcfn D]tbmKnmhpX Fv a\nemWw.

]qtmmbx ]p\x ]ssZycx ka\pKobtX XZv hyn hyhkmbmw Zzncpw XKlytX	41

GsXmcp hnjbw apv KZycq]n ]dbspthm AXv hyambpw kwibw Xop \nbnphm\mbn hopw ]Zycq]n ]dbsXv ]p\cpn tZmja. (AYhm hynhyhkmbmw Fv ]dXpsImv ]Tnp hynbpsS {KlWmw KZycq]n ]dXv hopw ]Zycq]n ]dbpXv ]p\cpntZmjamIpnsw).

X{XivtfmImx

{Xhn[w \ma]cymssbtlXpw ]hn[wKZw KZeW]cymbm hymt[x ]hn[wKZw.	42
PzcajvShn[w Xky{]IrjvSmkImcWw ]qcq]w N cq]w N t`jPw kw{KtlW N	43
hymJymXhmPzckymt{K \nZmt\ hnKXPzcx `Khm\nthimb {]WXmb ]p\hkpx	44

tlXp\nanmZn ]cymbtfmSpIqSn Akmty{nbmmZn aqphn[ tlXp, AtbkuaymZn Aphn[ tcmKw, tcmKeWmbn AhbpsS ]cymb tcmKfpsS Aphn[nep hnmt\m]mbw, Fphn[Pzcw, AXns hn{]IrjvShpw knIrjvShpamb ImcWw, Pzcns ]qcq]w, cq]w, Npcpnep NnIn Chsbmw ImbhmIvam\km Xm]clnX\mb `Khm ]p\kp hn\oXinjy\mb Anthimbnsmv \nZm\m\nse {]Yamymbamb Cu Pzc\nZm\n hnhcnsp.

CXypthi IrtX Xt{ NcI{]XnkwkvIrtX \nZm\mt Pzc\nZm\w \ma {]YtamXymbx

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