A²ymbw þ 12

Z´o{Zh´oIð]w

C{]ImcapÅ hntcN\ hn[nIsfsbñmw a\Ênem¡nbn«v tZiþImeþ{]amW§sf Adnbpó _p²nam\mb sshZy³ hntcNn¸nt¡ïhs\ hntcNn¸n¨mð bmsXmc]cm[hpw DïmIpóXñ. AXnkv\nKv²XbpÅ icoc{]IrXn¡mc\v kvt\lhntcN\w sN¿cpXv. kv\nKv²XsImïv t¢iapÅ icoc {]IrXn¡mc\v cq£hntcN\w sNt¿ïXmWv.

kwtim[\¯nsâ hn{`wiw AXmbXv AkaytKmKw hnj¯n\v Xpeyhpw kaytKymKw AarXn\v XpeyhpamIpóp. AXpsImïpw kwtim[\ {]tbmK¯nð kaytKymK¯n\mbn {]bXv\n¡Ww. bYmIme¯v kwtim[\uj[w sImSpt¡ïXv Ahiyw BhiyhpamIpóp.

{Zhy§fpsS Afhv ChnsS ]dªncn¡póXv a²ytImjvTw, a²yhbÊv, a²y_ew Fónhbnð {]tbmKn¡phm\pÅXmIpóp. CXns\ At]£n¨p {IqctImjvTmZnIfnð {Zhy§Ä Iq«pIbpw arZptImjvTmZnIfnð {Zhy§Ä Ipd¡pIbpw sNt¿ïXmWv.

am\h ]cn`mj

6. hwiyw        = 1þacoNn
6. acoNn        = 1þcàkÀj]w (Nphó ISp)
8. càkÀj]w     = 1þXWvUqew (AcnaWn)
2. XWvUqew         = 1þ[m\yamjw
2. [m\yamjw        = 1 bhw
4. bhw            = 1 AWvUIw
4. AWvUIw    = 1 amjIw. CXn\v tlaw Fópw [m\yIw Fópw IqSn ]dbpw.
3. amjIw        = 1 imWw
2. imWw    = 1 {Zw£Ww, tImew Fópw _Zcw Fópw ]dbpw.
1. {Zw£Ww    = 1 IÀjw, CXn\v kphÀ®w, A£w, hnUme ]ZIw, ]nNp, ]mWnXew, XnµpIw, Ihf{Klw FópIqSn ]dbpw.
2. kphÀ®w    = ]emÀ²w, (Ac¸ew) CXn\v ipàn, AjvSanIm, FópIqSn ]dbpw.
2. ]emÀ²w     = 1 ]ew, CXn\v apjvSn, {]Ipôw, NXpÀ°nIm, hnezw, tjmUinI B{aw FópIqSn ]dbpw.
2. ]ew                 = 1 {]krXw, AjvSam\w Fópw ]dbpw,
2 IUhw            = 1 am\nIm, CXn\v icmhw Fópw ]dbpw.
4. ]ew                 = 1 ARvPen, CXn\v IUhw Fópw ]dbpw.
4 IpUhw            = 1 {]Øw
4. {]Øw            = 1 BVIw, CXn\v ]m{Xw Fópw ]dbpw
8. icmhIw            = 1 ]m{Xw, ]m{Xw Iwkw Fópw ]dbpw
4. BVIw    = 1 t{ZmWw, CXn\v Ieiw, LSw, Dòm\w, AÀ½Ww Fóp IqSn¸dbpw.
2. t{ZmWw            = 1 iqÀ¸w CXn\v Ipw`w FópIqSn ]dbpw.
2. iqÀ¸w            = 1 tKmWn, CXn\v Jmcn, `mcw Fópw ]dbpw.
32. iqÀ¸w            = 1 hmlw
100. ]ew            = 1 Xpemw
]cnamW ]WvUnXòmÀ CXv Adnªncnt¡ïXmWv.

BZy ]cnamWamb hwiyw FóXn\v hwio[zwko, {XnwktcWp, [qfnIm Fsóms¡ ]dbpóXmWv. a\pkwlnXbnð BZy ]cnamWw ]dªncn¡póXn{]ImcamWv. «Pmem´cKtX `m\ubð kq£vaw ZriytX cPx {]Yaw Xð {]amWm\mw {XnwktcWpw {]N£tXw« CXn. hnjvWpkwlnXbnð «PmeØmÀ¡ acoNnKXw cPkv{XnktcWpw {]N£tX« CXn. Cu ]dªKv ]cnamWmZn am\]co`mjbmIpóp. 30þ]camWp¡Ä IqSnbXnómWv Hcp hwio Fóv ]dbpóXv. CXv IqSmsX kÀj]mZnam\w (ImenwKam\w) Fópw {hnlymZnam\w Fópw cïv hn[ am\]cn`mjIqSnbpïv.

Z´o{Zh´o Ið]w

kÀj]mZnam\w (ImenwKam\w)

12 kÀj]w    =    1 bhw
2 bhw        =    1 càn
3 cIàn    =    4 hñw
4 hñw        =    1 amjw
4 amjw    =    1 imWw
2 imWw    =    1 IÀjw
2 IÀjw    =    1 ipàn
2 ipàn    =    1 ]ew
2 ]ew        =    1 {]krXn
2 {]krXn    =    1 IpUhw
2 IpUhw    =    1 am\nI
2 am\nI    =    1 {]Øw
4 {]Øw    =    1 BVIw
4 BVIw    =    1 t{ZmWw
4 t{ZmWw    =    1 iqÀ¸w
2 iqÀ¸w    =    1 JmcnI
100 ]ew    =    1 Xpemw
20 Xpemw    =    1 `mcw

{holymZnam\w

4 {holn    =    1 KpRvP
5 KpRvP    =    1 ]Ww
8 ]Ww        =    1 [cWw
2 [cWw    =    1 IÀjw
4 IÀjw    =    1 ]ew
100 ]ew    =    1 Xpemw
20 Xpemw    =    1 `mcw

ipjvI{Zhyw FSp¡pt¼mÄ Cu ]camWzmZn am\]cn`mj {]Imcw FSp¡Ww. {Zhy{Zhy§fpw At¸mgt¸msgSp¡pó ]¨acpópIfpw Cu ]camWzmZn am\]cn`mj{]Imcw ]dtªS¯v Cc«nbmsbSp¡Ww.
ChnsS {Zhy§fpw ]¨bmb {Zhy§fpw Cc«nbmsbSp¡Ww. Fóv ]dªn«psï¦nepw CXnð ]ehn[ hyXymk§Ä ]eZn¡pIfnbmen ]dªp ImWpópïv. IUhw BZnbmbn ]dtªS¯v am{Xw {Zh{Zhy§Ä "ZznKpWmx IUhmZtbm {ZhmWmw' CXn. càw BZnbmbn ]dtªS¯v IpUhw ]dªnsñ¦nð Fñmw Xpeyw FSp¡Ww FómWv asämc`n{]mbw. càmZnjp amt\jp bmhóIUthm `thð ipjvtI{ZhmÀ{ZtbmssÝh Xpeywam\w {]IoÀ¯nXw« CXn. IpUham\w ]dªmðXsó ZznKpWw FSpt¡WïXnsñópw ]dtbïXpïv. "KpRvPmZnam\amc`y bð kymð IpUhØnXn: {ZhmÀ{Z ipjvI{ZhymWmw Xmhòm\w kaw aXw {]ØmZnam\amc`y ZznKpWw XZv {ZhmÀ{Ztbm: ' CXn. Ft¸mgpw ]¨bmsbSp¡póh Cc«n FSpt¡ïXnsñóp ]¨bmbn«pÅXv DW¡nsbSp¡pt¼mÄ Cc«n FSp¡Wsaópw ]dbpópïv. "hmimIpSP IpjvamWvU iX]p{Xo klmarXm: {]kmcWy izKÔmN iX]pjv]m klmNc: \nXyamÀ{Zm: {]tbmàhym\ tXjmw ZznhpWw `thð' CXn. CXv Xsó HópIqSn hniZoIcn¨v asämcp Zn¡nð ]dbpópïv. "hmkm \nw_ ]tSme tIXIn _em IpjvamWvU tIµohco hÀjm`q IpSPmizKÔ klnXmkvXm; ]qXnKÔmarXm amwkw \mK__em klmNc ]ptcmKnwKzmÀ{ZtI \nXytim{KmlymkvXð£Wtah \ ZznKpWnXm tb tN £pPmXm L\m:' CXn. Cu ZznKpWam\s¯ kw_Ôn¨v ]ehn[¯nepÅ A`n{]mb§fpsï¦nepw {]hÀ¯\¯nð ]eZn¡nð XtÅïXmbpw NneZn¡nð sImtÅïXmbpw hcpóXmbn¡mWmw.

FhnsS am\w Xpem i_vZwsImïpw ]ei_vZw sImïpw ]dbs¸«pthm AhnsS B AfhnðXsó FSp¡Ww. Cc«n¸nt¡ïXnñ. AXmbXv 100þ]ew Hcp Xpemw Fó IW¡nð FSp¯mð aXn. ]cnamWw ]dbm¯ Zn¡nemIs« Fñmw XpeyamsbSp¯mð aXn.

FhnsSsbñmw GXv shÅw FSp¡Ww Fóv {]tXyIambn ]dbmXncn¡pópthm AhnsSsbñmw ip²Pew FSp¡Ww. FhnsS ]mZw \nÀt±in¡s¸«pthm AXv NXpÀ`mKw AXmbXv Hónsâ \mensemcp`mKambn IW¡m¡Ww.

kvt\l]mIhn[nbnð FhnsS Pew, kvt\lw, HujZw (Iev¡w) FónhbpsS Afhv ]dbmXncpópthm AhnsS Iev¡¯nsâ \menc«n kvt\lw kvt\l¯nsâ \menc«n Pew Fóo {Ia¯nð FSp¡Ww.

kvt\l]mIw aqóphn[¯nemIpóp. 1. arZp, 2. a²yw, 3 Jcw s\¿nð tNÀ¯ Iev¡w Ft¸mÄ BZyw Ac¨ptNÀ¡pt¼mgpÅXn\v Xpeyambn¯ocpópthm AXn\v arZp]mIw Fóv ]dbpóp. Ft¸mÄ \ocymkw (Iev¡w) Aepht]msebmbn¯oÀóp NSz¯nð ]ämXncn¡pópthm AXn\v a²y]mIw Fóv ]dbpóp. Ft¸mÄ Iev¡w ipjvIambn AwKpeo]oU\¯nð Jc Jc i_vZw DïmIpópthm AXn\v Jc]mIw Fóv ]dbpóp.

Jc]mIw A`ywK¯nepw arZq]mIw kky{Inbbnepw a²y]mIw ]m\¯nepw hkvXnbnepw {]tbmKn¡Ww.

am\w IenwKsaópw amK[saópw cïphn[¯nemIpóp. IenwKam\t¯¡mÄ amK[am\amWp t{ijvTw (hepXv) Fóv am\]cn`mj AdnbpóhÀ ]dbpóp. IenwKam\w kp{ipX¯nð ]dªXpw amK[am\w NcI¯nð ZrV_emNmcy³ ]dªXpamIpóp.

Iev]¯nsâ {]tbmP\w, tim[\bpsS t]cv, tim[\bpsS DuÀ²zm[ {]hÀ¯\¯nsâ {]tXyI ImcWw, tZimZnIfpsS KpWw, ^emZnIfpsS KpWw, 600þtbmK§Ä, ChbpsS hyXymk¯n\pÅ ImcWw t]cpIÄ, Xo£vW, a²y, arZptim[\bpsS e£Ww, AhØm\pkmtcWbpÅ tim[\ hn[n, am\w kvt\l]mIhn[n Fónh Cu Iev]Øm\¯nð hnhcn¡s¸«ncn¡póp.