A²ymbw þ 12

Z´o{Zh´oIð]w

C\n Z´o{Zh´oIev]w Fó A²ymbs¯ Bt{Xb`Khm³ D]tZin¨Xp{]Imcw Aánthi alÀjn hnhcn¡póp.

Z´o, DZpw_c]À®o, \nIpw`w, apIqeIw Ch Z´nbpsS ]cymb§fmIpóp. {Zh´o, Nn{Xm, \yt{Km[o, aqjnImlzbm, aqjnI]À®o, D]Nn{Xm, iw_co, {]XyIvt{iWn, kpXt{iWw, Z´o cWvUm Ch {Zh´nbpsS ]cymb§fmIpóp.Z´o]cymbw [\z´cn \nLïphnð "Z´oio{Lm\nIpw`m kymZp]Nn{XmaIqeIx
XtYmZpw_c ]À®oN hnieymN KpW{]nbm' CXn. {Zh´n]cymbw. {Zh´o iw_co Nn{Xm \yt{Km[m aqjnImlzbm "{]XyIvt{iWo hnjm NWvUm ]p{Xt{iWymLp]À®nIm'. CXn.

Z´o{Zh´nIfpsS thcv hepXpw I«nbpÅXpw FSp¡Ww. ChbpsS thcv B\s¡m¼v t]msebncn¡pw. Z\´nthcv iymahÀ®hpw {Zh´nthcv Xm{ahÀ®hpambncn¡pw. Cu thcnð Xn¸en NqÀ®w tX\nð tNÀ¯p te]\w sNbvXp IpisImïv s]mXnªp ineasNbvXp ]pS]mIw sN¿Ww. ]nóoSv AXnð\nóv thscSp¯p shbne¯vsh¨pW¡Ww. Cu AánXm]hpw kqcyXm]hpwsImïv AXnsâ hnIminKpWw \in¡póXmbncn¡pw.

Z´o {Zh´nIfpsS aqew Xo£Wpw DjvWhpw BipImcnbpw hnIminbpw Kpcphpw BIpóp. CXv I^]n¯§sf {Zho`qXam¡n \in¸n¡póXpw hmbpsh tIm]n¸n¡póXpamIpóp.

Z´o{Zh´nIfpsS thcv Ac¨pIÀj{]amWw Dcp«n FSp¯p ssXcv, tamcv, kpcmaWvUw ChbntesX¦nepw Hónð tNÀ¯p IpSn¡Ww. CXpt]mseXsó ]nbmfw, sNdnb e´, henb e´, ]oep ChbpsS Ijmb¯nepw ko[paZy¯nepw IpSn¡Ww. Cu F«v tbmK§fpw KpevatcmKnbpw DZctcmKnbpw _lptZmj§ÄsImïv JnóXbpÅ tcmKnbpw hntcN\mÀ°w IpSnt¡ïXmWv. CXv ]mWvUp, Iran, IpjvTw, `K´cw Fóo tcmKapÅhÀ ]menepw am\nsâ amwkck¯nepw B«nsâ amwkck¯nepw IpSn¡Ww.

Z´o{Zh´naqew Iev¡hpw Ijmbhpam¡n ZiaqeIjmbhpw tNÀ¯p kvt\l]mIhn[n {]Imcw ]mIw sNbvsXSp¡pó s\¿v, hnkÀ¸w, AeÀPn, I£tcmKw, Np«p\odð Chbnð hntcN\mÀ°w D]tbmKn¡Ww. Cu ]dª kvt\l]mI hn[n{]Imcw ]mIw sNbvsXSp¡pó ssXew {]tal¯nepw Kpeva tcmK¯nepw DZmhÀ¯tcmK¯nepw I^hmX P\yamb tcmK§fnepw D]tbmKn¡Ww. CtX{]Imcw Xsó NXpxkvt\lw AXmbXv ssXeþLrX hkmþaÖIÄ tNÀ¯p ]mIwsNbvXp aeþip¢þhmX tcma¯nepw hmXP\yamb aäv tcmK§fnepw hntcN\mÀ°w D]tbmKn¡Ww.

\mKZ´nthcpw B«vsIm«¸methcpw sImïpïm¡nb Ijmb¯nð iÀ¡cbpw tX\pw s\¿pw tNÀ¯p tel]mI hn[n{]Imcw Dïm¡pó telw hntcNImÀ°w sImSp¡Ww. CXv NqSnt\bpw Np«p\odent\bpw ian¸n¡pw.

APirwKnbpsS Øm\¯v APKÔ tNÀ¯p tað ]dª{]Imcw telapïm¡n ]n¯Pzc¯nepw hmXP\yamb X®oÀZml¯nepw hntcN\mÀ°w D]tbmKn¡Ww.

Z´nbptSbpw {Zh´nbptSbpw thcv s\ñn¡bpsS ck¯nð Ijmbwsh¨p B Ijmb¯nð aqónð cïp`mKw ^mWnXw tNÀ¯p AXv Xnf¡pó F®bntem s\¿ntem ]mIw sN¿Ww. At¸mÄ AXnð Z´o{Zh´o aqehpw iymamZn H¼Xvhn[ Huj[§fpw Hmtcm `mKw FSp¯c¨p tNÀ¯p telam¡Ww. Cu telw tkhn¨mð kpJamb hntcN\apïmIpw. CtX{]Imcw s\ñn¡mck¯nsâ Øm\¯v ZiaqeIjmbhpw AXpt]mseXsó Xm\n¡m Ijmbhpw ISp¡m Ijmbhpw tNÀ¯pw sshZy³ telapïm¡n hntcN\mÀ°w D]tbmKn¡Ww.

Z´o{Zh´nthcv. Hcp ]mew FSp¯ps]mSn¨p AXnsâ Ijmb¯nðXsó `mh\ sNbvsXSp¯p sh¸pImSn apXemb A¾ck{Zhy¯nð tNÀ¯p IpSn¡Ww. CXv ae_Ô¯nepw hmXP\yamb Kpeva tcmK¯nepw hntcN\mÀ°w D]tbmKn¡póXv \ñXmIpóp.

Icn¼v cïmbn¸nfÀóp AXnsâ DÅnð Z´o{Zh´oaqew Ac¨ptX¨p hoïpw tbmPn¸n¨p IpisImïv sI«n ineasNbvXp ]pS]mIw sNbvXnS«v B Icn¼v Xnóm³ kpJamb hntcN\w DïmIpw.

Z´nbptSbpw {Zh´nbptSbpw thcnð kaw sNdp]bdv tNÀ¯p bqjapïm¡n D]tbmKn¨mepw eh¸£nbpsS amwk¯nepw Xn¯ncn¸£nbpsS amw¯nepw Z´o{Zh´oaqew tNÀ¯p amwkckapïm¡n D]tbmKn¨mepw hntcN\s¯ Dïm¡pw.

Z´nbptSbpw {Zh´nbptSbpw thcnsâ Ijmb¯nð Iªnbpïm¡n sImSp¯mepw B Ijmb¯nð PmwKe amwkckapïm¡ns¡mSp¯mepw B Ijmb¯nð DgpóvsImïv bqjapïm¡n sImSp¯mepw hntcN\s¯ Dïm¡pw.

Z´nbptSbpw {Zh´nbptSbpw thcnsâ Ijmbw aqóv`mKw, ]ôkmc cïv`mKw, tKmX¼v NqÀ®w Hcp `mKw Chsbñmw IqSntNÀ¯p Dð¡mcnIbpïm¡n¯nómð hntcN\apïmIpw.

Dð¡mcnIbpïm¡m³ ]dªXpt]mse tamZIapïm¡n D]tbmKn¨mepw hntcN\apïmIpw. Z´o{Zh´o IjmbwsImïv aZyapïm¡n D]tbmKn¨mepw hntcN\apïmIpw AXmbXv Z´o{Zh´oaqew Xd¨nSn¨p kpcmaWvU¯nð C«psh¨p AXnsâ sXfn\oscSp¯p]tbmKn¡Ww.

Z´oaqeIjmb¯nð Acns¸mSntbm tKmX¼v s]mSntbm Ipg¨v iÀ¡cbpw D¸pw tNÀ¯p Z´ossXe¯nð A¸w apXembh Dïm¡n¯nómð hntcN\w DïmIpw.

sNdnb \mKZ´nthcv henb \mKZ´nthcv, IpcpapfIv, AbZtamZIw, IcnôocIw, Np¡v, Fcpa¡Ån, sImSpthcn¡ng§v, Ch kaw s]mSn¨p GgpZnhkw tKmaq{X¯nð `mh\sNbvsXSp¡Ww. Cu NqÀ®w aqóv Igôv s\¿nð tNÀ¯p tkhn¨mð kpJamb hntcN\apïmIpw. hntcN\m´cw aeÀs¸mSn Ie¡nbshÅw IpSn¡pIbpw thWw. Cu apJyamb hntcN\NqÀ®w Fñm tcmK§tfbpw ian¸n¡pw. CXv Fñm EXp¡fnepw D]tbmKn¡mhpóXmWv. Cu NqÀ®w A]mbanñm¯XpsImïv _meòmÀ¡pw hntcN\mÀ°w D]tbmKn¡phm³ \ñXmIpóp. Zpjn¨ BlmcwsImïpïmb APoÀ®w, ]mÀizaqew, Kpevaw, ¹otlmZcw, KWvUame, hmXcàw, ]mWvUtcmKw Fónhbnð hntcN\mÀ°w D]tbmKn¡phm³ Cu NqÀ®w \ñXmIpóp.

vsImSpthcn¡ng§v Hcp ]ew, \mKZ´nthcv Hcp ]ew, ISp¡ Ccp]sX®w, {XntImð]s¡mó aqóv Igôv, Xn¸en 3 Igôv, iÀ¡c F«v ]ew ChsbñmwIqSn tNÀ¯p ]mIw sNbvXp ]¯v tamZIam¡nsbSp¡Ww. CXnð\nóv ]¯v ]¯v Znhkw IqSpt¼mÄ Hmtcm tamZIw FSp¯p tkhn¨p A\p]m\ambn NqSpshÅw IpSn¡Ww. CXn\v {]tXyI ]°ysamópw Bhiyanñ. CXv Fñm tcmK§sfbpw \in¸n¡pw. CXpsImïpÅ hntcN\w ]n¯Imk¯nepw ]mWvUptcmK¯nepw Gähpw \ñXmIpóp. {KWotcmKw, ]mWvUptcmKw, AÀiÊv, sNmdn¨ð, h«¸nWcv, hmXw Ch \in¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pw.

\mKZ´nthcv, 2þ]ew, ap´ncn§ 8 þ ]ew ChbpsS F«nc«n shůnð Ijmbw sh¨p \mensemóm¡nsbSp¯cn¨p AXnð cïv ]ew \mKZ´nthcc¨Xpw cïv ]ew iÀ¡cbpw tNÀ¯p Hcp ]m{X¯nem¡nsh¨p AXnsâ sXfnshÅw FSp¯p IpSn¡Ww. CXv Gähpw apJyamb hntcN\uj[hpw Imaesb \in¸n¡phm³ D¯ahpamIpóp.

{XntImð¸s¡móbpw \mKZ´nthcpw Ijmbw sh¨p AXnð iÀ¡c tNÀ¯p Xn¸enbpw aeMmIcbv¡bpw sImSpthcn¡ng§pw Ac¨p ]pc«nb ]m{X¯nem¡nsh¨p AcnjvSam¡nsbSp¡Ww. Cu AcnjvSw, hmXw, I^w, Iran, ]mWvUptcmKw, DZctcmKw, Chsb \in¸n¡pw. AXpt]mseXsó cïv \mKZ´nthcpw AbtamZIhpwIqSn Ijmbwsh¨p AXnð iÀ¡c tNÀ¯p AcnjvSam¡nsbSp¡Ww. AYhm cïv \mKZ´nthcpw B«vsIm«¼methcpw Ijmbwsh¨p AXnð iÀ¡c tNÀ¯p AcnjvSam¡nsbSp¡Ww. Cu aqócnjvShpw kpJhntcN\s¯ Dïm¡póXmWv.

Z{´n{Zh´oaqe NqÀ®hpw Dgpónsâ Ijmbhpw kpcbpsS In«pPehpw FñmwIqSn tNÀ¯p Hcp ]m{X¯nem¡nsh¨p kpcbmbmseSp¯p AXnsâ D]cn`mKs¯ Pew (aZnc) I^ Kpevaw, Aev]mán ]mÀizISo `mK§fnse ]nSn¯w Fónhbnð hntcN\mÀ°w D]tbmKn¡Ww.

AbtamZI Ijmb¯nð Z´oaqeac¨Xpw XhnSp Ifª bhhpw tNÀ¯psh¨p kuhocIambmseSp¯p]tbmKn¡Ww. AbtamZI Ijmb¯nð Z´aqeIð¡hpw XhnSv Ifbm¯ bhhpw tNÀ¯psh¨p XntjmZIw (ImSn) BbmseSp¯p]tbmKn¡Ww. tem{Ô Iev]¯nð ]dªXpt]mse kpcmtbmKw Dïm¡nbpw D]tbmKn¡Ww. AXmbXv Z´oaqe NqÀ®w kpcmaWvUe¯nð tNÀ¯psh¨p aqóv IgsôSp¯p IpSn¡Ww. CXmWv kpcmtbmKw Z´oaqe NqÀ®w Z´oaqe Ijmb¯nð ]¯v Znhkhpw I¼nñI Ijmb¯nð ]¯v Znhkhpw `mh\ sNbvsXSp¯ NqÀ®w I¼nñI Ijmb¯nð IpSn¡Ww. CXmWv I¼nñItbmKw.

Cu A²ymb¯nð ]dª tbmKkwJyþZ[ymZnIfnðþ3, ]nbmemZnIfnðþ5, amwkck¯nðþ3, s\¿nðþ3, teltbmKwþ6, NqÀ®tbmKwþ1, C£pck¯nðþ1, apZvKck¯nepw amwkck¯nepwIqSnþ3, bhmKzmZnbnðþ3, Dð¡mcnIþ1, tamZIwþ1, aZy¯nðþ1, Z´oIzmYssXe¯nðþ1, NqÀ®wþ1, tamZIwþ1, Bkhtb. Kwþ5, kuhocI¯nðþ1, XptjmZI¯nðþ1, kpcmtbmKwþ1, I¼nñItbmKwþ1, LrXtbmKwþ5, Cu Z´o{Zh´oIev]¯nð BlmctZmj¯n\pw tcmK¯n\pw A\pkcn¨v \m\mhn[¯nembn 48 hntcN\ tbmK§Ä hnhcn¡s¸«ncn¡póp.

Cu Iev]Øm\¯nð BZys¯ Bd²ymb¯nð a\tbmKw 355 Dw ]nóoSpÅ Bd²ymb¯nð hntcN\tbmKw 245 Dw IqSn BsI 600 tbmK§Ä {][m\s¸« 15 {Zhy§sf B{ibn¨psImïv hnhcn¡s¸«ncn¡póp. GsXmcp{Zhys¯ {][m\ {Zhyt¯mSptNÀóp ]dbs¸«pthm B {Zhys¯ B {][m\ {Zhyt¯mSv tNÀóp\nev¡póXmbn IW¡m¡Ww.

aZ\^emZn {][m\ {Zhy§Ä¡v kpcmZn {Zhy§Ä {][m\amIpóp. ImcWw kpcmZn A{][m\ {Zhy§Ä aZ\^emZn {][m\ {Zhy§sf ]n´pScpIbmWv sN¿póXv. AXmbXv cmPmhns\ aäv P\§Ä ]n´pScpóXpt]mse.

{][m\hpw A{][m\hpamb {Zhy§Ä ]ckv]cw tNcpt¼mÄ hncp² hocyapÅXmbmð t]mepw A{][m\ {Zhy§fpsS hocyw {][m\ {Zhy¯nsâ hocys¯ _m[n¡póXñ. cïntâbpw hocyw XpeyamsW¦nð {InbmkmaÀ°yw IqSpXembncn¡pw.

ha\ hntcN\uj[§Ä D]tbmKn¡pt¼mÄ hÀ®þckþkv]ÀiþK豈 CjvSs¸Sphm\mbpw tcmKØnXn¡\pkcn¨pw hncp²hocyapÅ Huj[§Ä {]tbmKnt¡ïXmbn hcpóXmWv.

Hcp {Zhyw AXnsâ kzck¯ntem XpeyhocyapÅ {Zhy§fpsS kzck¯ntem `mh\ sNbvXmð AXn\v _ew IpSpXembpïmIpw. ImcWw \ñh®w `mh\ sNbvsXSp¯ {Zhyw Að]ambmðt]mepw IqSpXð lpewsN¿pw. AXnsImïv {Zhy§sf kzck¯nsem XpeyhocyapÅ {Zhy§fpsS kzck¯ntem `mh\ sN¿Ww. {Zhy§fpsS kwtbmKw, hntÇjw D]tbmKn¡póImew, kwkvImcw, D]bpàn FónhsImïv Að]ambmðt]mepw henb ^ehpw A[nIambp]tbmKn¨mð t]mepw sNdnb ^ehpw sN¿póXmbncn¡pw.

CXphsc ChnsS ]dª 600þha\hntcN\tbmK§Ä GItZiw am{XamsWópw \nZÀi\w am{XamsWópw a\Ênem¡Ww. Cu Ad\qdv tbmKw _p²nam\mb sshZy³ kz´w _p²nsImïmtemNn¨p Bbnctam tImSntbm B¡mhpóXmWv. {Zhy§fpsS At\Ihn[¯nepÅ hyXymkwsImïv tbmK§fpsS kwJy IW¡m¡mhpóXñ.

hntcN\¯nsâ Xo£vWþa²yþarZpe£Ww tI«p sImÄI. kpJambpw £W¯nepw almthKt¯mSpIqSnbpw XSÊsamópanñmsXbpw {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw IqSpXð £oWapïmImXncn¡pIbpw KpZ¯nepw lrZb¯nepw thZ\ CñmXncn¡pIbpw A´cmib§Ä¡v £oWanñmXncn¡pIbpw apgph³ tZmjhpw ]pd¯v t]mIpIbpw sN¿pó hntcN\tam Ijmb hkvXntbm Xo£vWamsWóv a\Ênem¡Ww.

Pew, Aán, Iran, IoS§Ä FónhbpsS kv]Ài\w sImïv No¯bmIm¯Xpw tZiImeKpW§tfmSpIqSnbXpw Aev]w IqSnb am{Xbnð D]tbmKn¡póXpw Xpey hocyapÅ Huj[§fnð \ñh®w `mh\sNbvsXSp¡póXpw kvt\ltkzZw sNbvXh\nð D]tbmKn¡póXpamb Huj[w Xo£vWambn¯ocpóXmWv.

ap³]dªXnð\nóv Aev]w KpWw IpdªXpw Aev]w am{X IpdªXpw thïXpt]mse kvt\ltkzZw sNbvXh³ D]tbmKn¡póXpamb Huj[w a²yambncn¡pw.

cq£icoc {]IrXn¡mc\v aµhocyapÅXpw lo\ am{Xbnepw Xpeyhocyanñm¯ Huj[§tfmSv tNÀ¯pw thKw aµambn«pÅXpamb Huj[w arZphmbncn¡pw.

a²yhpw arZphpamb Huj[w _meòmcpsS apgph³ tZmjt¯bpw ]pdt¯¡v Ifbphm³ kaÀ°amIpóXñ AXpsImïv AhÀ¡v Aip²n DïmIpóXmWv. a²y_ehpw Að]_ehpw DÅhÀ¡mIs« ^ekn²n B{Kln¡pó sshZy³ a²yhpw arZphpamb Huj[w {]tbmKn¡Ww.

Fñm e£W§fpw DÅ tcmKw Xo£vWhpw a²ye£WapÅ tcmKw a²yhpw Að]e£WapÅ tcmKw arZphpw BIpóp. Xo£vWtcmK¯nð Xo£vWuj[hpw a²ytcmK¯nð a²yuj[hpw arZptcmK¯nð arZphmb Huj[hpw AXmXnsâ _e¯nó\pkcn¨v sshZy³ {]tbmKn¡Ww.

BZyw ha\uj[w sImSp¯n«v ha\Zzmcm tZmjw ]pdt¯¡v t]mbnsñ¦nð ]nóoSv ha\mÀ°w Huj[w IqS¡qsS sImSp¡Ww. OÀ±nbnð ]n¯w ImWpóXphsc C{]Imcw IqS¡qsS Huj[w sImSpt¡ïXmWv. OÀ±nbnð ]n¯w Iïmð AXv OÀ±nbpsS kaytKymKamsWóv a\Ênem¡Ww.

tZmj§fpsSbpw tcmKnbptSbpw Xo£vWþa²yþarZp Fóo aqóphn[ _es¯ t\m¡nbn«v AXn\ptijw tim[uj[w sImSp¡Ww. t`mj§Ä¡pw tcmKn¡pw _eapsï¦nð tim[\uj[w IpS¡qsS sImSp¡Ww. a²y_eamsW¦nð Hcp {]mhiyw sImSp¡Ww. lo\_eamsW¦nð tim[\uj[w Hcn¡epw sImSp¡cpXv.

ha\uj[w sImSp¯n«v OÀ±n¡mXncn¡pItbm AYhm Huj[w Zln¨p t]mIpItbm sNbvXmð D¯a ^ekn²n thWsaóm{Kln¡pó sshZy³ aäv ha\uj[w hoïpw {]tbmKn¡Ww.

ha\uj[w Zln¡póXn\pap¼v OÀ±n¨p tZmjs¯ ]pdt¯¡v IfbpIbpw hntcN\uj[w Zln¡pt¼mÄ hntcN\apïmbn tZmjs¯ ]pdt¯¡v IfbpIbpamWv sN¿pI. AXpsImïv ha\uj[w sImSp¯mð ha\apïmIphm³ AXv Zln¡póXphsc Im¯p\nð¡cpXv. Að] kab¯n\pÅnð ha\apïmIpónsñ¦nð DSs\ ha\uj[w sImSp¯p OÀ±n¸n¡Ww.

hntcN\uj[w IpSn¨n«v tZmj\nÀlcWw hcmXncn¡pIbpw Huj[w Zln¨pt]mIpIbpw AYhm Huj[w OÀ±n¨pt]mIpItbm sNbvXmð _p²nam\mb sshZy³ hoïpw Huj[w IpSn¸n¡Ww.

AánZo]vXnbpw tZmjm[nIyhpw ZrVamb kv\nKv²Xbpw DÅh³ {]bmks¸«p tim[\bpïmIpóh\mbncn¡pw. A§ns\bpÅh\v XteZnhkw tZmj¯n\v \pehpïm¡pó Blmcw sImSp¯n«v ]ntäZnhkw hoïpw hntcN\uj[w sImSp¡Ww.

ZpÀ_e\pw _lptZmjapÅh\pw tZmjtIm]wsImïv kzbw hnctN\apïmbmð Ah\v amwkckw tNÀ¯ Blmcw sImSp¯p hoïpw tim[\bpïm¡nbmðaXn. AXmbXv Ah\v hntcN\uj[w sImSpt¡ïXnñ.

ha\wsImïpw hntcN\wsImïpw tZmjip²n hcp¯nbh\v Að]w tZmjw tijn¨pt]mbmð bhmKzmZn ]mN\t`mP\wsImïpw AXn\ptijapÅ ]mN\ Ijmb]m\wsImïpw B tijw tZmjs¯ ian¸n¡Ww.

ZpÀ_e\pw ap¼v tim[\ sNbvXh\pw Að]tZmjapÅh\pw tImjvTw {IqcamtWm a²yamtWm arZphmtWm Fóv a\ÊnemImXncpómepw arZphocyapÅ Huj[w sImSp¡Ww. arZphocyapÅ Huj[w ]e{]mhiyambn sImSp¯mð Að]_m[bpïmhpItbm AYhm _m[bnñmXncn¡pItbm sN¿pw. AXpsImïv AXv t{ibkvIcamWv. ZpÀeòmÀ¡v AXnXo£vWuj[w sImSp¡cpXv. ImcWw AXv {]mWlm\nsb Dïm¡ntb¡pw.

_lptZmjapÅh³ ZpÀe\mbmðt]mepw arZphocyapÅ Huj[w Að]mev]w ]e {]mhiyambn sImSp¯p hntcNn¸n¡Ww. ZpÀ_esâ _lptZmjw A§ns\ ]pdt¯¡v Ifªnsñ¦nð B _lptZmjw Ahs\ \in¸n¡póXmbncn¡pw.

hntcN\uj[w tkhn¨ GsXmcph\v ]n¯w A\ptemaambn¯oÀóp I^t¯mSv IqSnt¨Àóp DuÀ²zKmanbn¯ocpópthm Ahs\ IhnÄ{InbbneqsS OÀ±n¸n¨n«v hmbbpw IWvThpw ip²am¡n ewL\w ioen¸n¨Xn\ptijw hntcN\uj[w sImSp¡Ww.

tZmjw XSªp\nð¡pIbpw Að]ambncn¡pIbpw Xmakn¨p {khn¡pIbpw sN¿póXnð tcmKn NqSpshÅw IpSn¡Ww. CXpsImïv B[vam\w, X®oÀZmlw, OÀ±n, ae_Ôw Ch ian¡pw.

tim[\mÀ°w Ign¨ Huj[w tZmjwsImïv XSbs¸SpIbpw taðt]m«pw Xmtgm«pw t]mImXncn¡pIbpw G¼¡hpw iqethZ\bpw DïmIpIbpw sNbvXmð AhnsS tkzZ{Inb sN¿Ww.

hntcN\¯nð kaytKymKw hóh\v G¼¡¯nð Huj[¯nsâ KÔapsï¦nð B Huj[s¯ DS³ OÀ±n¸n¨pIfbWw. A{]Imcw sNbvXnsñ¦nð B Huj[w Zln¡pt¼mÄ hntcN\¯nð AXntbmKw hcpw hntcN\¯nð AXntbmKw hómð sshZy³ iX{IobsImïv kvXw`n¸n¡Ww.

Nnet¸mÄ hntcN\uj[w I^¯mð XSbs¸« DcÊnð \nópt]mIpóXmbncn¡pw. AXv I^w £oWn¡pt¼mÄ sshIptóctam cm{Xnbntem hntcN\ {]hÀ¯\s¯ Dïm¡n tZmjs¯ ]pdt¯¡v IfbpóXmbncn¡pw.

cq£ icoc{][Xn¡mÀ¡v B\mlapïmhpIbpw Huj[w Zln¨pt]mhpItbm hmbp\nan¯w hnjvSw`apïmbn«v DuÀ²zKmanbmbn¯ocpItbm sNbvXmð kvt\l{Zhyhpw D¸pw tNÀ¯p aäv hntcN\uj[w sImSp¡Ww.

hntcN\uj[w Zln¨pt]mbXnð X®oÀZmlw, at\mhn{`aw, XeNpäð, tamlmekyw ChbpïmhpIbmsW¦nð AhnsS ]n¯lchpw a[pcapÅXpw ioXfhpamb Huj[w D]tbmKn¡póXv \ñXmIpóp.

hntcN\mÀ°w sImSp¯ Huj[w I^mhrXambnt¸mbXnð hmbnð\nóv shÅw hcnIbpw s\ôv Ien¸pw hnjvSw`hpw tcmamôhpw DïmhpIbmsW¦nð AhnsS Xo£vWhpw DjvWhpw ISzmZn I^lchpamb Huj[w \ñXmIpóp.

\ñh®w kv\nKv²Xhóh\mbmðt]mepw {IqctImjvTXzw \nan¯w hntcN\uj[w IpSn¨n«v hntcN\w DïmImsX t]mbmð Ahs\ ewL\w ioen¸n¡Ww. B ewL\wsImïv kvt\lP\yamb I^hpw tZmjkwKhpw ian¡póXmbncn¡pw.

cq£X, hmXm[nIyw, {IqctImjvTX, hymbmaioew Zn]vXmán ChbpÅÀ¡v hntcN\mÀ°w sImSp¯ Huj[w hntcN\s¯ Dïm¡msX Zln¨pt]mIpóXmbncn¡pw. A§ns\bpÅhÀ¡v BZyw hkvXn sNbvXn«v ]nóoSv hntcN\uj[w sImSp¡Ww. hkvXn{]hÀ¯\P\yamb tZmj§sf kayKv hntcN\w ian¸n¡póXmbncn¡pw. ChnsS ]dª hkvXn kvt\lhkvXnbmIm\mWv km²yX. ImcWw IjmbhkvXn¡ptijw hntcN\w \njn²amIpóp. Fómð hmXm[nIy¯nð IjmbhkvXn¡v {]m[m\yapÅXpsImïv A§ns\bpÅXnð IjmbhkvXn sNbvXXn\ptijw GgvZnhkw IgnªmÄ hotcN\w sN¿mhpóXmWv. IjmbhkvXn sN¿pt¼mÄ hmXtIm]`bw DïmhpIbmsW¦nð kvt\lhkvXn IqSn CSIeÀ¯n sNt¿ïXmWv.

cq£mlmcw ioen¡póhÀ¡pw Ft¸mgpw hymbmaw sN¿póhÀ¡pw Zo]vXmánbpÅhÀ¡pw kônXamb tZmj§Ä AhcpsS IÀ½wsImïpw shbnevsImïpw ImävsImïpw ian¡póXmbncn¡pw. Cu hn[¯nepÅhÀ hncp²mlmcw, AXnbmb Blmcw APoÀ®w FónhsImïpïmIpó tZmj§tf¡qSn Pbn¡póXmbncn¡pw. Ahsc kv\nKv²X hcp¯pIbpw hmX¯nð\nóv c£n¡pIbpw thWw. tcmK§sfmópansñ¦nð Ahsc hntcNn¸n¡cpXv (At¸mÄ tcmK§fpsï¦nð hntcNn¸n¡mhpóXmWv.)

C{]ImcapÅ hntcN\ hn[nIsfsbñmw a\Ênem¡nbn«v tZiþImeþ{]amW§sf Adnbpó _p²nam\mb sshZy³ hntcNn¸nt¡ïhs\ hntcNn¸n¨mð bmsXmc]cm[hpw DïmIpóXñ. AXnkv\nKv²XbpÅ icoc{]IrXn¡mc\v kvt\lhntcN\w sN¿cpXv. kv\nKv²XsImïv t¢iapÅ icoc {]IrXn¡mc\v cq£hntcN\w sNt¿ïXmWv.

kwtim[\¯nsâ hn{`wiw AXmbXv AkaytKmKw hnj¯n\v Xpeyhpw kaytKymKw AarXn\v XpeyhpamIpóp. AXpsImïpw kwtim[\ {]tbmK¯nð kaytKymK¯n\mbn {]bXv\n¡Ww. bYmIme¯v kwtim[\uj[w sImSpt¡ïXv Ahiyw BhiyhpamIpóp.

{Zhy§fpsS Afhv ChnsS ]dªncn¡póXv a²ytImjvTw, a²yhbÊv, a²y_ew Fónhbnð {]tbmKn¡phm\pÅXmIpóp. CXns\ At]£n¨p {IqctImjvTmZnIfnð {Zhy§Ä Iq«pIbpw arZptImjvTmZnIfnð {Zhy§Ä Ipd¡pIbpw sNt¿ïXmWv.

am\h ]cn`mj

6. hwiyw        = 1þacoNn
6. acoNn        = 1þcàkÀj]w (Nphó ISp)
8. càkÀj]w     = 1þXWvUqew (AcnaWn)
2. XWvUqew         = 1þ[m\yamjw
2. [m\yamjw        = 1 bhw
4. bhw            = 1 AWvUIw
4. AWvUIw    = 1 amjIw. CXn\v tlaw Fópw [m\yIw Fópw IqSn ]dbpw.
3. amjIw        = 1 imWw
2. imWw    = 1 {Zw£Ww, tImew Fópw _Zcw Fópw ]dbpw.
1. {Zw£Ww    = 1 IÀjw, CXn\v kphÀ®w, A£w, hnUme ]ZIw, ]nNp, ]mWnXew, XnµpIw, Ihf{Klw FópIqSn ]dbpw.
2. kphÀ®w    = ]emÀ²w, (Ac¸ew) CXn\v ipàn, AjvSanIm, FópIqSn ]dbpw.
2. ]emÀ²w     = 1 ]ew, CXn\v apjvSn, {]Ipôw, NXpÀ°nIm, hnezw, tjmUinI B{aw FópIqSn ]dbpw.
2. ]ew                 = 1 {]krXw, AjvSam\w Fópw ]dbpw,
2 IUhw            = 1 am\nIm, CXn\v icmhw Fópw ]dbpw.
4. ]ew                 = 1 ARvPen, CXn\v IUhw Fópw ]dbpw.
4 IpUhw            = 1 {]Øw
4. {]Øw            = 1 BVIw, CXn\v ]m{Xw Fópw ]dbpw
8. icmhIw            = 1 ]m{Xw, ]m{Xw Iwkw Fópw ]dbpw
4. BVIw    = 1 t{ZmWw, CXn\v Ieiw, LSw, Dòm\w, AÀ½Ww Fóp IqSn¸dbpw.
2. t{ZmWw            = 1 iqÀ¸w CXn\v Ipw`w FópIqSn ]dbpw.
2. iqÀ¸w            = 1 tKmWn, CXn\v Jmcn, `mcw Fópw ]dbpw.
32. iqÀ¸w            = 1 hmlw
100. ]ew            = 1 Xpemw
]cnamW ]WvUnXòmÀ CXv Adnªncnt¡ïXmWv.

BZy ]cnamWamb hwiyw FóXn\v hwio[zwko, {XnwktcWp, [qfnIm Fsóms¡ ]dbpóXmWv. a\pkwlnXbnð BZy ]cnamWw ]dªncn¡póXn{]ImcamWv. «Pmem´cKtX `m\ubð kq£vaw ZriytX cPx {]Yaw Xð {]amWm\mw {XnwktcWpw {]N£tXw« CXn. hnjvWpkwlnXbnð «PmeØmÀ¡ acoNnKXw cPkv{XnktcWpw {]N£tX« CXn. Cu ]dªKv ]cnamWmZn am\]co`mjbmIpóp. 30þ]camWp¡Ä IqSnbXnómWv Hcp hwio Fóv ]dbpóXv. CXv IqSmsX kÀj]mZnam\w (ImenwKam\w) Fópw {hnlymZnam\w Fópw cïv hn[ am\]cn`mjIqSnbpïv.

Z´o{Zh´o Ið]w

kÀj]mZnam\w (ImenwKam\w)

12 kÀj]w    =    1 bhw
2 bhw        =    1 càn
3 cIàn    =    4 hñw
4 hñw        =    1 amjw
4 amjw    =    1 imWw
2 imWw    =    1 IÀjw
2 IÀjw    =    1 ipàn
2 ipàn    =    1 ]ew
2 ]ew        =    1 {]krXn
2 {]krXn    =    1 IpUhw
2 IpUhw    =    1 am\nI
2 am\nI    =    1 {]Øw
4 {]Øw    =    1 BVIw
4 BVIw    =    1 t{ZmWw
4 t{ZmWw    =    1 iqÀ¸w
2 iqÀ¸w    =    1 JmcnI
100 ]ew    =    1 Xpemw
20 Xpemw    =    1 `mcw

{holymZnam\w

4 {holn    =    1 KpRvP
5 KpRvP    =    1 ]Ww
8 ]Ww        =    1 [cWw
2 [cWw    =    1 IÀjw
4 IÀjw    =    1 ]ew
100 ]ew    =    1 Xpemw
20 Xpemw    =    1 `mcw

ipjvI{Zhyw FSp¡pt¼mÄ Cu ]camWzmZn am\]cn`mj {]Imcw FSp¡Ww. {Zhy{Zhy§fpw At¸mgt¸msgSp¡pó ]¨acpópIfpw Cu ]camWzmZn am\]cn`mj{]Imcw ]dtªS¯v Cc«nbmsbSp¡Ww.
ChnsS {Zhy§fpw ]¨bmb {Zhy§fpw Cc«nbmsbSp¡Ww. Fóv ]dªn«psï¦nepw CXnð ]ehn[ hyXymk§Ä ]eZn¡pIfnbmen ]dªp ImWpópïv. IUhw BZnbmbn ]dtªS¯v am{Xw {Zh{Zhy§Ä "ZznKpWmx IUhmZtbm {ZhmWmw' CXn. càw BZnbmbn ]dtªS¯v IpUhw ]dªnsñ¦nð Fñmw Xpeyw FSp¡Ww FómWv asämc`n{]mbw. càmZnjp amt\jp bmhóIUthm `thð ipjvtI{ZhmÀ{ZtbmssÝh Xpeywam\w {]IoÀ¯nXw« CXn. IpUham\w ]dªmðXsó ZznKpWw FSpt¡WïXnsñópw ]dtbïXpïv. "KpRvPmZnam\amc`y bð kymð IpUhØnXn: {ZhmÀ{Z ipjvI{ZhymWmw Xmhòm\w kaw aXw {]ØmZnam\amc`y ZznKpWw XZv {ZhmÀ{Ztbm: ' CXn. Ft¸mgpw ]¨bmsbSp¡póh Cc«n FSpt¡ïXnsñóp ]¨bmbn«pÅXv DW¡nsbSp¡pt¼mÄ Cc«n FSp¡Wsaópw ]dbpópïv. "hmimIpSP IpjvamWvU iX]p{Xo klmarXm: {]kmcWy izKÔmN iX]pjv]m klmNc: \nXyamÀ{Zm: {]tbmàhym\ tXjmw ZznhpWw `thð' CXn. CXv Xsó HópIqSn hniZoIcn¨v asämcp Zn¡nð ]dbpópïv. "hmkm \nw_ ]tSme tIXIn _em IpjvamWvU tIµohco hÀjm`q IpSPmizKÔ klnXmkvXm; ]qXnKÔmarXm amwkw \mK__em klmNc ]ptcmKnwKzmÀ{ZtI \nXytim{KmlymkvXð£Wtah \ ZznKpWnXm tb tN £pPmXm L\m:' CXn. Cu ZznKpWam\s¯ kw_Ôn¨v ]ehn[¯nepÅ A`n{]mb§fpsï¦nepw {]hÀ¯\¯nð ]eZn¡nð XtÅïXmbpw NneZn¡nð sImtÅïXmbpw hcpóXmbn¡mWmw.

FhnsS am\w Xpem i_vZwsImïpw ]ei_vZw sImïpw ]dbs¸«pthm AhnsS B AfhnðXsó FSp¡Ww. Cc«n¸nt¡ïXnñ. AXmbXv 100þ]ew Hcp Xpemw Fó IW¡nð FSp¯mð aXn. ]cnamWw ]dbm¯ Zn¡nemIs« Fñmw XpeyamsbSp¯mð aXn.

FhnsSsbñmw GXv shÅw FSp¡Ww Fóv {]tXyIambn ]dbmXncn¡pópthm AhnsSsbñmw ip²Pew FSp¡Ww. FhnsS ]mZw \nÀt±in¡s¸«pthm AXv NXpÀ`mKw AXmbXv Hónsâ \mensemcp`mKambn IW¡m¡Ww.

kvt\l]mIhn[nbnð FhnsS Pew, kvt\lw, HujZw (Iev¡w) FónhbpsS Afhv ]dbmXncpópthm AhnsS Iev¡¯nsâ \menc«n kvt\lw kvt\l¯nsâ \menc«n Pew Fóo {Ia¯nð FSp¡Ww.

kvt\l]mIw aqóphn[¯nemIpóp. 1. arZp, 2. a²yw, 3 Jcw s\¿nð tNÀ¯ Iev¡w Ft¸mÄ BZyw Ac¨ptNÀ¡pt¼mgpÅXn\v Xpeyambn¯ocpópthm AXn\v arZp]mIw Fóv ]dbpóp. Ft¸mÄ \ocymkw (Iev¡w) Aepht]msebmbn¯oÀóp NSz¯nð ]ämXncn¡pópthm AXn\v a²y]mIw Fóv ]dbpóp. Ft¸mÄ Iev¡w ipjvIambn AwKpeo]oU\¯nð Jc Jc i_vZw DïmIpópthm AXn\v Jc]mIw Fóv ]dbpóp.

Jc]mIw A`ywK¯nepw arZq]mIw kky{Inbbnepw a²y]mIw ]m\¯nepw hkvXnbnepw {]tbmKn¡Ww.

am\w IenwKsaópw amK[saópw cïphn[¯nemIpóp. IenwKam\t¯¡mÄ amK[am\amWp t{ijvTw (hepXv) Fóv am\]cn`mj AdnbpóhÀ ]dbpóp. IenwKam\w kp{ipX¯nð ]dªXpw amK[am\w NcI¯nð ZrV_emNmcy³ ]dªXpamIpóp.

Iev]¯nsâ {]tbmP\w, tim[\bpsS t]cv, tim[\bpsS DuÀ²zm[ {]hÀ¯\¯nsâ {]tXyI ImcWw, tZimZnIfpsS KpWw, ^emZnIfpsS KpWw, 600þtbmK§Ä, ChbpsS hyXymk¯n\pÅ ImcWw t]cpIÄ, Xo£vW, a²y, arZptim[\bpsS e£Ww, AhØm\pkmtcWbpÅ tim[\ hn[n, am\w kvt\l]mIhn[n Fónh Cu Iev]Øm\¯nð hnhcn¡s¸«ncn¡póp.