Aymbw  25

Zzn{h-Wob NnIn-n-Xw.

tmI x

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AYmtXm Zzn{h-Wnb NnInknXw hymJym-kymax
CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{X-b.
1

C\n Zzn{h-Wob NnInknXw F Aym-bs Bt{Xb `K-hm D]-tZ-in-Xp {]Im-cw-Xs An-th-i-a-ljn hnh-cn-p-p-v.

]cm-h-c amt{Xbw KX-am\ aZ-hyYw
An-thtim Kpcp-Imte ]qP-b-n-h-a-{_-ho
`K-h ]q-ap-njvSu Zzu{h-Wu-tcmK kw{Ktl
XtbmenwKw NnInkm hp-a-lkn i-Z.
2

B-m-\nbpw \nc-`n-am-\nbpw aZ-t-i-c-ln-X-\p-amb Bt{Xb Kpcp-hns\ DNn-X-amb ka-b-n hn-p-sImv An-th-i-a-ljn C{]-Imcw ]d-p, Atbm kpJ-Zm-Xm-hmb `K-hmt\ Av apv tcmK-kw-{K-l-Wo-bm-ym-b-n cp-hn-[-n-ep {hWs ]d-n-p-v. Ah-bpsS e-W-fpw NnInkbpw D]-tZ-inp Xcp-hm Ir]-bp-m-bm-epw.

CXy-n-th-iky hN-kvX{ipXzm Kpcp-c-{_-ho
bu{hWu ]q-ap-njvSu \nP-m-K-p-tc-hN
{ipbXmw hn[n-hkuay XtbmenwKw k t`j-Pw
\nPx ico-c-tZm-tjm BK-p_mly tlXpPmx.
3

An-th-is C{]-Im-c-ap hmv tInv Bt{X-b-Kpcp ]d-p. apv ]d cv {hW- \nP-sapw BK-p-I-sapw cp-hn-[-n-em-Ip-p. tl kuay ! Ah-bpsS e-W-fpw Huj-[-fpw hn[n-{]-Imcw ]d-p-Xcmw tIp-[-cn-p-sIm-p-I. \nP-sa-m hmXmZn imco-cnI tZmj-P-\y-ambpw BK-p-I-sa-m A`n-Lm-XmZn _mly-tl-Xp-P-Z-\y-ambpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

h[-_--{]-]-X-\mZv ZwjvSm-Z \J--Xm
BK-pthm {hWm-kvX-ZzZv hnj-kv]imn ikv{XPmw
a{m-KZ {]te-]m-ssZy t`j-ssPtl-Xp-`n-tX
enwssK-I-tZ-ssi-tm-njvSm hn]-coXm \nssP{hWmx
{hWm\mw \nP-tl-Xp-\m-am-K-p-\m-a-im-ayXmw
Ipcym-tm-j-_-em-t]o \nPm-\m-au-j-[w-XYm
bYm-sskztl-Xp-`nZpjvSm hmX-]n--I-^m-\rWmw
_lnamw kam-{inXy P\-bn \nPm {hWm.
4

h[w, _-\w, hogvN Ch-sImpw ZwjvSm--Z---\-J--X--tf-smpw BK-p-I-{hWw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs hnj-kv]i-\w-sImpw An-sImpw ikv{Xw-sImpw BK-p-I-{h-W- Dm-Ip-p. a{w, AKZw te]\w apX-emb Huj-[-{]-tbm-K--tf-smpw h[m-Xn-Im-c-W--tf-smpw e-W--fpsS AS-bm-fw-sImpw BK-p-I-{h-W--tfbpw \nP--tf-sm-p-mb AXm-bXv hmXm-Zn-tZm-j--tf-sm-p-mb {hW- CXns hn]-co-X-X-sImpw a\-n-em-Ww hmXm-Zn-tZm-j--tf-sm-p-m-Ip \nP-{h-W-pw a{m-Zn-I-tf-smv ian-m BK-p-{h-W-pw \nP-{h-W-v F{]-Imcw NnInk]d-b-s-pthm A{]-Im-c-ap NnInk tZmj-_-e-n--\p-k-cnp sN-Ww. a\p-jyv hmX--]n---I-^- Xs Imc-W--tf-smv Zpjnp _mly-ams B{i-bn-nv \nP-{h-W-sf Dm-p-p.

kvX_v[-J-tcmn kwkv]tKm a-{kmthm alm-cpPx
XpZy-tX-kv^p-c-Xn-iymthm {htWm-am-cpX kw`hx
kw]q-cssWx kvt\l-]mss\x kv\nKvssx -tkz-tZm-]-\m-lss\x
{]tZ-l-]-cn-tj-ssI hmX-{h-W-ap-]m-N-tc.
5

hmX-P-\y-amb {hWw kvX_v[-Xbpw ]cp-]-cppw An-kv]iw t]msebpw Aev]-{km-hhpw ITn-\-th-Z-\bpw Ipn-t\mhpw kv]pc-Whpw Icp-hm-fnpw D-Xm-bn-cn-pw. hmX-l-c-{Z-hy- {hW-n\n-d-p-I, kvt\l-]m\w sNp-I, kv\nKv-tkzZw sNp-I, kv\nKv-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Huj-[- shp-sI-p-I, kv\nKv-X-bp Huj-[- ]pc-p-I, kv\nKv-X-bp Ijm-b-sImv [mc-sN-pI Fn-h-I-tf-smv hmX-{h-Ws NnInkn--Ww.

XrjvWm-tam-l-Pz-c-tZ Zml-Zp-jvSy-h-Zm-cssWx
{hWw-]n--IrXw hnZymKssx {kmssh--]q-XnssIx
ioX-ssfa-[psscx kv\nKvx {]tZ-l-]-cn-tj-Nss\x
knx ]mss\ hntc-ssI ss]nIw ia-tb-Zv{hWw
6

XoZm-lw, at\m-hn-{`-aw, Pzcw, \pe-hv, Npp-\o-d, IqSp-X ZpjvSv, IqSp-X Bgw ZpK-w, ZpK--ap--New {khn-pI Fn-h-I-tf-smv ]n-P-\y-amb {hWs a\-n-em--Ww. ioX-f-Xbpw am[p-cyhpw kv\nKv-Xbpw D-Xmb te]-\--tf-smpw [mc-I-tf-smpw kvt\l-]m-\--tf-smpw hntc-N-\--tf-smpw ]n-P-\y-amb {hWw ian-pw.

_lp-]n-tm-Kpcpx kv\nKvx kvXnantXm a-th-Z\x
]mWvUp-htm] kwt-Z-n-c-Imco I^-{hWx
Ijm-b-I-Sp-cq-tmjvssWx {]tZsslx ]cn-tk-Nss\x
I^-{hWw {]i-a-tb XYm-ew-L\ tim[ss\x
7

IqSp-X hgp-h-gp-v, Kpcp-X, kv\nKv-X, kvXw`-\w, thZ-\-Ip-d-hv, ]mWvUp-hw, Aev]w \pe-hv, Xmakn-p-m-hp-Ibpw Xma-kn-NXvNp ian-p-Ibpw sNpI Ch I^-{hW e-W--fm-Ip-p. Ijmb ISp-cq-t-jvW--fmb [mc-I-tf-smpw ewL-\-tim-[-\-I-tf-smpw I^-{h-Ws ian-n--Ww.

XuZzu-\m-\m-Xz-t`-tZ-\-`nmx kyphnw-i-Xn{hWmx
tXjmw ]co-m-{Xn-hn[m {]ZpjvSm ZzmZ-i-kvarXmx
m\m-\yjvSu XYm-Kmx ]cn-{km-hm--Xpi
tjmU-tim-]-{Zhm tZmjm--Xzmtcm hnwi-Xn-kvXYm
XYm-tNm-]-{Iamx knmx jSv{Xn i kap-Zm-lrXmx
hn`-Py-am-\m irWpta km-t\-Xm btY-cn-Xm
8

\nPhpw BK-phpw Bb {hW- AXns \m\m-hn-[-n-ep hyXym-kw-sImv 20--hn-[-n-em-Ip-p. Ah-I-fpsS ]co 3-hn-[-n-em-Ip-p. ZpjvS-{hWw 12--hn-[-n-em-Ip-p. {hW-m-\- 8-B-Ip-p. Khpw 9-B-Ip-p. {hW-{kmhw 14--hn-[-n-em-Ipp {]W-ns D]-{Z-h- 16--B-Ip-p. tZmj- 40--B-Ip-p. ^e-{]-Z-amb NnInkm-hn-[n-I 36--B-Ip-p. Cu ]d--h-sbmw Xs hnkvX-cn-p-]-tZ-in-p-Xcmw tIp-[-cn--Xp-sIm-p-I.

IrtXym-Ir-Xy-kvXYm ZpjvS-kvX-Ym-a-n-tXm-\hx
kwhrtXm Zmcp-tWmkx khntjm hnj-a-nXx
A{km-hypkwK Gsshjmw {hWm hnZym ]n]-cy-bm
CXn-\m-\mXz t`tZ\ \ncpm hnwi-Xn{hWmx
9

1-km-yw, 2-A-km-yw, 3-Zp-jvSw, 4-A-ZpjvSw 5-am-{in-Xw, 6-A-am-{in-Xw, 7-kw-hr-Xw, 8-hn-hr-Xw, 9-Zm-cp-Ww, 10--ar-Zp, 11--Dk-w, 12--A-\pk-w, 13--k-hn-jw, 14--\nn-jw, 15--hn-j-a-cq-]-n, nXn-sN-p-Xv 16--k-a-cq-]-n nXn-sN-p--Xv, 17--{km-hn, 18--A-{km-hn, 19--D-kw-Ko, 20--A-\pkw-Ko, C{]-Imcw 10--{h-W--fpsS hn]-co-X-n\nv 20--{h-W-sf a\-n-em--Ww. \m\m-hn[ t`Zw-sImv ]d-b-s 20--hn[ {hW- C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p.

Zi-\-{]iv\ kwkv]ssix ]com {Xnhr-[m-kvarXm
htbm-hm ico-cm-Wm-an-{n-bm-Wm Zi-\m
tlXzn-km-ym-n-_ew ]coyw hN-\m-Zv_pss[x
kv]imam-h-ssi-tXyN ]coty khn-]-cy-tb.
10

I-dn-bp-I, tNmZn--dn-bp-I, sXm-dn-bpI C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p. aqp-hn-[-n-ep {hW-]-co-. hnZzm-\mb sshZy tcmKn-bpsS _meym-Zn-A-h-, ico-c--fp-tSbpw C{-b--fp-tSbpw nXn Ch I-dn-b-Ww. tcmKns Imc-Ww, thZ-\, kmyw, An-_-ew, Ch tNmZn--dn-b-Ww, arZpXzw ITn-\-X, ssiXyw, DjvWw Ch kv]i-\w-sIm--dn-b-Ww.

tiztXm-h-k NmXn qe-Nm-Xn-]-RvPcx
\oex iymthmXn ]nU-tIm-cx IrjvtWm-Xn-]q-XnIx
tcm]yx Ipw`n-ap-J-tXn {]Zp-jvSm-Zzm-Z-i-{hWmx
11

{hW-n 1-sh--\n-dw, 2-{h-W-n\p Npd-dp-ap Nw Xmgvn-cn-p-I, 3-Nw XSnn-cn-p-I, 4-Np-hpw abpw IqSp-X-em-bp-m-hp-I, 5-\o-e-hw, 6-I-cp-hm-fn-v, 7-Iq-Sp-X-emb ]nU-I-I Dm-hp-I, 8-c--hw 9-I-dp--hw, 10--A-Xyw ZpKw, 11--tcm-]yw, 12--Ipw-`o-apJw C{]-Im-c-ap-m-Ip--XmWv 12--hn-[-Zp-jvS-{h-W-. (tcm-]y-{h-W-e-Ww cqVm-cq-Vmx-{]-Ip-]yn km-tmjmx ]p\x ]p\x _lnxipm Chm `mn tcm]ykvtX kw{]-IonXmx CXv.)

XzIvkncm amwk-ta-tZmn kv\mbp-am-{m-{ibmx
{hW-m-\m\n \nn-jvSm-\y-jvSm-th-Xm\n kw{K-tl.
12

1-Nw, 2-kn-c, 3-amw-kw, 4-ta-Z-v, 5-A-n, 6-kv\m-bp, 7-aw, 8-tIm-jvTw, Cu 8-{h-W-m-\-sf-bmWv kw{K-l-n hnh-cn-n-p--Xv.

kn-kvssX-e-h-km-]qb c-iym-hmavf ]qXnIx
{hWm\mw {hW-K--ss-c-jvSu-Kmx {]IonXmx
13

1-s\-v, 2-ssX-ew, 3-h-k, 4-N-ew, 5-c-w, 6-]p-I, 7-]p-fn, 8-ZpK-w, {hW-v Cu ]d 8-hn-[-n-ep K- Dm-Ip-sa-mWv {hW-Kw Adn-bp hnZzm-m ]d-bp--Xv. (iym-h-K--sa-m ssXcv apX-emb ]pfn-bp {Zhy- sNns ]m{X-n-emn shm-ep-m-Ip Kw t]mse Bbn-cn-p-sa-mWv N{I-]m-Wn-bpsS A`n-{]m-bw. ]pI-bpsS K-am-bn-cn-p-sav KwKm-[-cs A`n-{]m-b-am-Ip-p)

eknIm Pe-]q-bm-krIv lcn-{Zm-cpW ]nRvPcmx
Ijm-b-\o-e-l-cnX kv\nKv-cq knXm-knXmx
CXn-cqss]x kap-njvSm {hW-{km-hmiv NXp-i.
14

1-e-kn-Im-{km-hw, 2-P-e-{km-hw, 3-N-e-{km-hw, 4-c--{km-hw, 5-a-c-a--fns \nd-n-ep {kmhw 6-A-cp-W-h-n-ep {kmhw, 7-Np-hpw abpw Ie \nd-n-ep--{km-hw, 8-I-jm-b-h-n-ep {kmhw, 9-\o-e-{km-hw, 10--]--\n-d-n-ep--{kmhw 11--kv\n-Kv-X-bp {kmhw, 12--cq--{km-hw, 13--tiz-X-{km-hw, 14--Ir-jvW-{kmhw {hW--fn\n-p-m-Ip {kmhw C{]-Imcw 14--hn-[-n-em-Ip-p.

hnkx ]-Lm-X--incx kvXw`m-]-Xm-\Ix
tamtlm-m-Z-{h-W-cpPm Pzc-kvXrjvWm l\p-{Klx
Imkx On-c-Xo-km-tcm-ln-m-izmkx kth-]Ypx
tjmU-tim-]-{Zhmx t{]mm-{h-Wm\mw {hW-Nn-Ix.
15

1-hn-kw, 2-]-m-Lm-Xw, 3-in-cx-kvX-`w, 4-A-]-Xm-\-Iw, 5-a-t\m-hn-{`-aw, 6-D-m-Zw, 7-{h-W-th-Z-\, 8-Pz-cw, 9-X-oZm-lw, 10--l-\p-kvXw-`w, 11--Im-kw, 12--On, 13--A-Xn-km-cw, 14--F-n-, 15--izm-k-tcm-Kw, 16--hn-d-b, {hW-v C{]-Imcw 16--hn-[-n-ep D]-{Z-h- Dm-Ip-sav {hNv-I-m ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

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