Aymbw  21

hnk NnIn-n-Xw.

tmI x

1 - 15

16 - 30

31 - 45

46 - 58

AYmtXm hnk NnInknXw hymJym-kymax
CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx.
1

C\n hnk NnInknXw F Aym-bs Bt{Xb `K-hm D]-tZ-in-Xp {]Im-cw-Xs An-th-i-a-ljn hnh-cn-p-p-v.

ssIemtk In-cmIot _lp-{]-k-h-Wu-j[u
]mZ-ss] hnhnss[x kv\nKvt-\nXyw Ipkp-a-k-Zm
hl-Zv`n a[p-cm Km kXx kzkvXy-ew-IrtX
hnl-cw PnXm-Xv\m-\-am-t{X-b-arjn hnXw
aljn`nx ]cn-hrXw k-`qX lntX-Xcw
An-thtim Kpcpw-Imte hn\-bm-Z-Xn-Z-ap--hm
`K-hZm-cpWw tcmK-am-io-hnj hntjm-]aw
kwkw ico-tcjp tZln-\m-ap-]-e-tb
kl-sskh \cm-kvtX\ ]coXmx io{L-Im-cnWm
hn\-iy-y-\p-]-{Im-m-kvX-{Ita kwitbm alm
k\m-av\-tI\ hntbx kwnXx tI\-tl-Xp\m
IXn-[mXpx IXn-hnt[m Pmb-tX-ssI tlXp`nx
kpJ-kmyx Ir{-km-tym-RvtP-tbm-b-m-\p-]-{Iax
IYw ssIe-ssWx In-`-K-hw-kvX-{X-t`-j-Pw.
2

In-c-m hym]np InS-p-Xpw At\-I-hn[ Huj-[--fm kpk---am-bXpw kZm ]qp-sIm-n-cn-p-Xpw [mcmfw ]pjv]--fp--Xp-amb ]e-hn[ hr--fp-Xpw lrZ-bw-K-amb K- hym]np InS-p-Xpw k{X aljn-am-cm kzkvXn-I-I--tf-smv Ae--cn--s--Xp-amb ssIem-k-n Ejn-am-cm hn--spw Ejn-am-cm Npd-d-spw k-Po-hn-I-fp-tSbpw lnX-n Xmev]-cy-spw hnl-cn-p lnXm-m-hmb Bt{Xb Kpcp-hns\ hn\-bm-\zn-X-\mbn hn-p-sImv An-thi aljn tNmZn-p. Atbm `K-hmt\ ! Pohn-I-fpsS ico-c-n- hym]n-p-Xpw k-hn-j-n\v kZr-ihpw Zmcp-W-hp-amb Hcp tcmKs ImWp-p-v. io-{L-Im-cn-bm-bn-cn-p B tcmKw ]nSn-s a\p-jy-m NnInk sNbvXn-s-n B tcmKwsImv s]s-p-Xs acn-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv. B hnj-b-n F\nv henb kwi-b-ap-v. AXns t]cv FmWv ? t]cn\v Imc-W-sa-mWv? F{X [mXp-sf tZmj-sf B{i-bn-p-m-Ipp? F{X hn[-n-ep-m-Ipp? Fv Imc-W--tf-sm-p-m-Ipp ? kpJ-km-yw, Ir{-km-yw, Akmyw Ch Fp e-W--tf-smv Fns\ a\-n-em-Ww ? CXns NnInk Fv? Atbm `K-hmt\ D]-tZ-inp Xm-epw.

XZ-n-th-i-ky-hNx {ipXzm-t{Xbx ]p\kpx
bYm-h-Z-Jnew kw t{]mhmN ap\n-k-ax
3

An-th-is B hmp-I tInv ap\n-k--a-\mb ]p\kp Bt{X-b-`-K-hm hn[n-{]-Imcw Fmw-Xs kq-ambn D]-tZ-in-p-sIm-Spp

hnhn[w k-Xn-btXm hnk-kvtX\ kkvarXx
]cn-ktm ƒY-hm-\mav\m kXx ]cn-k-Wm.
4

hnhn[ hn[-n hym]n-p--Xp-sImv hnkw Fv ]d-bp-p. AYhm Npd-dp-]mSpw hym]n-p--Xp-sImv ]cn-kw Fv ]d-bp-p.

kN k]vX-hnt[m tZmssj hntbx k]vX-[m-XpIx
]rY-{-b-kv{Xn-`n-ssh hnktm-Zz-z-Pm-kv{Xbx
hmXnIx ss]n-I-ssh I^Px kmn-]m-XnIx
NXzmc GtX hnkm hyt Zzm-Pm-kv{Xbx
Bttbm hmX-]n-m`ymw {KymJyx I^-hm-XPx
bkvXp-I-a-tIm-tLmcx k ]n-I^ kw`hx.
5

hnkw hmX-tZm-j--tf-smv Ggp-hn-[-n-em-bp-m-Ip-p. AXv k]vX-[m-Xp-I-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww. {]tXyI tZmj--tf-smv aqpw kn-]m-Xw-sImv Hpw Cu cp tZmj--tf-smv aqpw hnk tcmK- Dm-Ip-p. 1-hm-X-Pw, 2-]n--Pw, 3-I-^-Pw, 4-k-n-]m-XnIw Cns\ \mev hnk-tcm-K-fpw Zzz-P-am-bn, 5-hm-X-]n--P-\y-ambn An-hn-kw, 6-I-^-hm-X-P-\y-ambn {Kn-hn-kw, 7-]n--I-^-P-\y-ambn tLmc-I-a-I-hn-kw, 7-]n--I-^-P-\y-ambn tLmc-I-a-I-hn-kw C{]-Imcw Ggzn[ hnk-tcm-K- Dm-Ip-p.

cw ekoIm XzMvamwkw Zqjyw tZmjm-kv{X-tbm-aemx
hkmWmw kap]u hntbmx k]vX-[m-Xhx
6

cw, ekn-Iv, (P-e-am-Ip D]-[m-Xp), Ncw, amwkw Cu \mep Zqjy-fpw hmX--]n---I-^--fmb aqv tZmj-fpw hnk--fpsS Dev]-nv Imc-W-am-bn-o-cp-p. CXpw hnk-tcm-K-n\v Imc-W-amb k]vX-[m-Xp--fm-sWv a\-n-em--Ww. (i-co-c-Zq-j-Wm tZmjmx aen-\o-I-c-Wmaemx [mc-Wm [mX-h-kyp hmX-]n I^m-kv{Xbx CXn)

eh-Wmavf ISq-jvWm\mw ckm-\m-aXn tkh-\m
Z[y-avf-akvXp ipm\mw kpcm-ku-ho-c-Iky N
hym] _lp-a-tZymjvW cmK-jm-U-h-tk-h-\m
imIm\mw lcn-Xm-\m tkh-\m hnZm-ln\mw
Iqn-Im\mw Inem-Sm\mw tkh-\ma--I-kyN
Z[v\-i-WvUmIn ]qm-Wm-am-kp-Xm-\m tkh-\m
Xne-amj Ipe-m\mw ssXem\mw ]njvS-I-kyN
{Kmaym\p ]uZ-Im-\m tkh-\m--ip-\-kyN
{]o-m-\m aymWmw hncp-m-\ tkh-\m
AXym-Z-\m Znhm-kz-]v\mZ Pom[y i\m-i-\m
X-_--{]-]-X-\m L-ImXn tkh-\m
hnj-hm-Xmn tZmjm--hn-kmWmw kap-hx.
7

Dv, ]pfn, Fcnhv Fo ck-ap ]Zm-fpw DjvW-ho-cy-ap ]Zm-fpw AXn-bmbn tkhn-p-I-sImpw ]pfn ssXcv, ssXcns shw, ipw (kn) kpc, ImSn, hnIr-X-a-Zyw, DjvW-ho-cy-ap _lp-a-Zyw, Am-dv, NnWn Ch AXn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p-I-sImpw Ce--dn, ]-dn Dp-gp-p-m-p {Zhy- Ch-bpsS AXn-bmb D]-tbm-Kw-sImpw Imnb ]men ssXcv tNp-m-p Z[n-Iqn-I, Imnb ]men tamtcm ssXtcm tNp ]pfn-p--Xn\p apm-bp a-IqnI Ch AXn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p-I-sImpw ssXcv tNp XWp-n--Xmb {Zhy- IqSp-X-embn D]-tbm-Kn-p-I-sImpw Fv, Dgp-v, apXn-c, F-I, Acn Ac-p-m-nb ]e-lm-cw, {Kma Pohn-I-fpsS amwkw, Pe-Po-hn-I-fpsS amwkw, B\q-]-Po-hn-I-fpsS amwkw Ch AXn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p-I-sImpw shp-n, No-Sn aky- At\ym\yw hncp--am-bn-p ay- Ch-bpsS D]-tbm-Kw-sImpw AXn-`--Ww-sImpw ]I-ep-d-p-I-sImpw APow kw`-hn-p-I-sImpw Xn-Xns aosX hopw Xnp-I-sImpw ASn, CSn apX-em-bh Gevp-I-sImpw ico-c-n-se-hn-sS-sb-nepw sIn-h-cn-bp-I-sImpw hogvN ]d-dp-I-sIm-Spw Xov, shbn-ev, DjvW-ho-cy-ap {Zhy- Ch IqSp-X-embn ioen-p-I-sImpw hnj-tZm-jw-sImpw hmbp-tZm-jw-sImpw An-tZm-jw-sImpw hnk tcmK--fpsS D-h-n\v Imc-W-am-Ip--Xm-Wv.

G`n\n-Zm-ss\ hymanss{ix Ip]n-Xm-am-cp-Xm-Zbx
Zpjym kqjy cm-Zo hnky lnXm-in\mw
_lnx {inXx {inX-m--kvXYm tNm`b kw{inXx
hnktm-_e taj-p-tbw Kpcp-b-tYm-cw
_lnamm-{inXw kmy-a-km-y-ap-`-bm-{inXw
hnkw ZmcpWw hnZym kp Ir{--Kz--cm-{i-bw.
8

ta]-d IqSn--e Imc-W--tf-smv Ip]n-X-amb hmXm-Xn-tZm-j c-e-kn-ImZn Zpjy-sf Zpjn-n-nv hnk-tcm-Ks Dm-p-p. B hnkw _mlym-{i-b-ambpw A-cm-{i-b-ambpw D`-bm-{i-b-ambpw aqp-hn-[-n-em-Ip-p. Ch-bpsS _e-am-Is BZyw ]d--Xn-t\-m ]noSv ]d--Xn\v KpcpXzw IqSp-sav a\-n-em--Ww. _mlym-{in-X-amb hnkw kmyhpw D`-bm-{in-X-amb Zmcp-W-hn-kw Akm-yhpw A-cm-{in-X-amb hnkw IpjvT-km--bhpw Bbn-cn-p-sav a\-n-em--Ww.

Ax {]Ip-]nXm tZmjm hnk-y-cm-{isb
_ln_lnx {]Ip-]nXmx k-t{Xm-`b kw{inXmx
9

ico-c-ns A`m-Kv {]Ip-]n-Xamb tZmj- A-cm-{i-b-amb hnk-tbpw _ln`m-Kv {]Ip-]n-X-amb tZmj- _mlym-{in-X-amb hnk-tbpw k-X{K {]Ip-]n-X-amb tZmj- D`-bm-{in-X-amb hnk-tbpw Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p.

atm-]-Lm-Xm kwtcm-[m-Z-b-\m\mw hnL--\m
XrjvWm-Xn-tbm-KmZv thKm\mw hnj-amWmw {]h-\m
hnZymZv hnk-a--cy-Zmip Nmn-_-e--bm
AtXm-hn-]-cy-bmZv _mly-a\yw hnZym kze-ssWx
10

lrZb a-n-ep-m-Ip ]oU-sImpw izmtkm-zmk ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-I-fpsS XS-w-sImpw hnL-\w sImpw AXn-bmb Zmlw-sImpw ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-th-K--fp-sSbpw tcmK-th-K-n-sbpw hnj-a-amb {]h-\w-sImpw AXn-th-K-n-ep-m-Ip PT-cmnbpsS _e--bw-sImpw A-cm-{in-X-amb hnks Xncn--dn-b-Ww. _mly-hn-ks Cu ]d--Xn\nv hn]-co-X--fmb e-W--tf-smv Xncn--dn-b-Ww. (A-Xm-bXv Cu ]d--h-sbmpw _mly hnk-n Dm-hp-I-bn-s-w.

bky-enw-Km\n kmWn _e-h-Zy-ky-Im-cWw
bky-tNm-]-{Zhmx IjvSm-a-tKm-b lnkx.
11

bmsXmcp hnk-tcm-K-n\v AXp-m-Ip-hm-\p Imc-W--sfmw _e-h-mtWm bmsXm-cp hnk-tcm-K-n\v D]-{Z-h-hym-[n-I IjvS-am-b-XmtWm bmsXmcp hnk-tcmKw lrZ-bmZn a--fn-temfw Fn-bn-cn-p-pthm B hnk-tcmKw B tcmKnsb sImp--Xm-Wv.

cqtmjvssWx Imc-ssWhmbpx ]qc-ssWhm kam-lnXx
{]ZpjvSm Zqj-b Zqjym hnkXn bYm-_-ew.
12

cqtm-jvW--fmb Imc-W--tf-smtm AYhm Blm-c--tf-smv hbdv \nd-bp-I-sImtm kn-X-amb hmbp Zpjnp cm-Zn-Zq-jy-sf Zpjn-np Zqjn-X-amb tZmj-ns _e-n--\p-k-cnp hnks Dm-p-p.

Xky-cq-]mWn {`a-Z-hYp ]n]mkm \nkvtXmZ iqemwK
atm-tZz-jvS\ I-Pz-c-X-aI Imkm-Ln kn-t`Z hnh
 ha-\m-tcm-N-Im--p-tjm-cm-Ip-e-Xz-a-{km-K-a-\w. ]n
]oen-Im\mw kw{]-kc Chmw-tK-jp, bkvanw-m-h-Imti
hnktm\p kXn tkm ƒh-Imix iymhm-cp-Wmh `m
tkm hm izb-Yp-am \nkvtXmZ iqe-t`-Zm-bmk ktmN
lj-kv^p-cssW cXn-amss{Xx ]nUy-tX. A\p-]-{Im
tm]-No-btX io{L-t`Zx kvt^mssS-kvX-\p-`n-c-cpWm
`msskx iymssh hm X\p hnj-a-Zm-cpW ]{km-ssh
hn_ hmX-aq{X ]pco-j `h-Xo. \nZm-t\m-m-\yky
t\m]-ti-ctX hn]-co-Xm\n tNm]-ti-ctX CXn hmX
hnkx.
13

hmX-hn-k-ns e-W---X-e-Np-d-d ico-c-n NqSv, Zmlw, Ipn-t\m-hv, thZ-\, \pdp-n-t\m-hv, Dcp-p-I-b-d-dw, hnd-b, ]\n, Xa-I-izm-kw, Imkw, An-I-fn ]nf-cp--Xp-t]mse tXmp-I, \nd-t`-Zw, On, Acp-Nn, Iv Ie-p-I, hmbn\npw addpw cw hcnI Ch-bp-m-Ipw. ico-c-n\nv Ddp-n-cn-bp--Xp-t]mse tXmpw. hnk Fhn-Sw-hsc hym]n-n-cn-p-pthm Ahn-Sw- hsc Icp-hm-fnpw Nphpw Dm-hp-Ibpw AYhm hop-Ibpw sNpw. AhnsS Ipn-t\mhpw thZ-\bpw ]nf-cp--Xp-t]m-sebpw \ofp--Xp-t]m-sebpw Npcp-p--Xp-t]m-sebpw tcmam-hpw aw a-am-bp Ne-\hpw IqSp-X-em-bp--Xp-sImv ]oU-bp-m-Ipw. NnIn-n-m-Xn-cp-m hnp W-n s]mp-Ibpw Nph-tXm Icp-hm-fn-tXm Bb sNdnb sNdnb s]mn-f-I Dm-hp-Ibpw AXn\nv t\cn-bXpw hnj-a-ambpw Zmcp-W-ambpw Aev]-ambpw {kmh-ap-m-hp-Ibpw At[m-hm-bp, aq{Xw, aew Ch XS-b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. \nZm-\-n ]d eh-Wm-m-Zn-I ioen-p--Xm-bm Cu hnk-tcm-K-n\v ia\w Dm-Ip--X-. AXn\v hn]-co-X-amb kv\nKv-io-Xm-Zn-I D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xm-bm ian-p--Xp-am-Ip-p. hmX-hn-k e-W- C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p.

]n-ap-jvtWm-]-Nm-tcW hnZm-ly-avfm-Zn-`n-nXw
Zqjym kqjy [a\nx ]qc-bssh hnk-Xn.
14

DjvtWm-]-Nm-cw-sImpw Dp-gp-p-m-p-Xpw A-c-k-{]-[m-\-hp-amb Blm-c--tf-smpw kn-X-amb ]nw cm-Zn-Zq-jy-tf Zpjn-n-nv hmX-I-^--tf-qSn kam-l-cnp [a-\n-I-fn \ndp hnks Dm-p-p.

Xky-cq-]m-Wn--Pz-c-kvXrjvWm aqm-On-c-tcm-NtIm ƒw
Kt`Zx tkztZm ƒXn-am-{X-a-mlx {]em]x intcmcp
IvNp-tjm-cm-Ip-eXzw Akz]vt\m ƒc-Xn{`ax ioX-hm
X hmcn-Xtjm ƒXn-am{Xw lcnX lmcn{Z aq{X-hkv
Xzw lmcn-{Z-Zi-\w. bkvanw-m-h-Imti hnktm\p
kXn tkm ƒhIm-i-kv{Xm-{a-l-cnX lmcn{Z \oe-Ir
jvW cm-\m-a-\y-Xax ]pjy-Xn, tkmtk-ss[-m-Xn-am
{Xw Zml-kw-t`-tZ\ ]cnssXx kvt]mssS-cp-]-No-btX
Xpey-h-{km-ho-`n-c-Nn-c-]m-I--`-hXn \nZm-t\m-m\y
kyt\m-]-ti-ctX hn]-co-Xm-\n-tNm-]-ti-ctX CXn ]n-hn-kx.
15

]n hnk-ns e-W---]-\n, Zmlw, tamlm-e-kyw, On, Acp-Nn, Ah-b-h- ]nf-cp--Xp-t]mse tXmp-I, IqSp-X hnbv, AXn-bmb Am-lw, ]npw-t]bpw ]d-bp-I, Xe-th-Z-\, Iv Ie-p-I, Dd-n-m-bva, Fm-d-dnepw shdp-v, Xe-Np-d-d, XWp Imd-dnepw XWp sh-nepw AXn-bmb B{K-lw, aq{Xhpw aehpw ]tbm atbm \nd-am-bn-cn-p-I, ImWp--sXmw a-\n-d-am-bn-tm-pI Ch-bp-m-Ipw. hnkw Fhn-Sw-hsc hym]n-n-cn-p-pthm Ahn-Sw-h-sc sNns \ndw ], a, \oe, Idp-v, c-hw Ch-bn-te-sX-nepw Hcp hw sXfn-p-Im-Wpw. hnk-ap ew IqSp-X Dbn-cn-pw. Npd-dp-]mSpw Npp-\o-d-temSpw ]nf-cp--Xp-t]m-ep thZ-\-tbmSpw IqSnb Ipcp--fm hym]n-n-cn-p--Xm-Wv. Ipcp--fpsS h-n\v Xpey-amb shtam Netam s]mn-tbm-en-pw. s]sp ]gp-p-Ibpw sNpw. \nZm-\-n ]d eh-Wm-m-Zn-Ifpw hnti-jnv hnZm-l-ap-m-p--hbpw ioen-p--Xm-bm Cu hnk-n\v ia\w Dm-Ip--X-. ioX-kv\n-KvmZn hn]-co-X--fm-bh ioen-p--Xm-bm ia\w Inp-Ibpw sNpw. ]n-hn-k e-W- C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p.

kzmZzavf eh-W-kv\nKv Kp kz]v\-k-nXx
I^x kq-j-b Zqjym Irkv\-awKw hnk-Xn.
16

a[p-cw, ]pfn, D, kv\nKvX Ch-bp-Xpw Kpcp-Xz-ap--Xp-amb Blm-cw-sImpw ]I-ep-d-p-I-sImpw kn-X-amb I^w cmZn Zqjy-sf Zpjn-n-nv ico-c-n apgp-h `mK--fnepw hnks Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p.

Xky-cq-]m-Wn--in-X-Pz-tcm-Ku-chw \n{Zw-tcm-NtIm ƒhn
]mtIm a[p-cm-ky-Xz-am-tkym-]-te]x {]tkIx On-cm-e
kyw kvssXan-Xy-a-n-kmtZm Zu_-eyw. bkvanw-m-h-
Imti hnkevt]m ƒ\p k-Xntkm ƒh-Imix izb-Yp
 ]mWvUp\m-Xn-cx kvt\l-kp-]vXn-kvXw` Kuc-ssh-c\zn
tXm ƒ]-th-Z\x Ir{-]m-ssI-n-c-Im-cn-`n _le
XzKp-]-tess]x kvt^mssSx tizX-]mWvUp `nc-\p-_-ytX
{]`n- tizX-]n-new Xp-a-ZvL-\-a-\p-_w Zp
K--am-{kmhw {kh-Xypzw N Kpcp`nx nsscPm-em
-h-XssXx kv\nKvss _l-e-Xz-Kp-]te ss]c-\p-_-y
tX ƒ\p-jwKn `h-Xn. tizX-XzMv \J-\-b\ hZ-\-aq-{X-h
-kvXzw. \nZm-t\m-m-\y-ky-t\m-]-ti-ctX hn]-cn
-X-Km-\n-tNm-]-ti-c-tX. CXn tjva hnk
17

I^-hn-k-ns e-W---Po-X-Pz-cw, ico-c-L-\w, IqSp-X Dd-v, Acp-Nn, An-am-yw, hmbvv a[p-cw, hmbn I^w ]pc--Xp-t]m-en-cn-p-I, hmbn\nv shw Hgp-Ip-I, On, Be-kyw, ico-c-kvXw-`w, PT-cm-nv oWw, _e-bw Ch-bp-m-Ipw. Fhn-Sw-hsc hnkw hym]n-n-cn-p-pthm Ahn-sS-hsc ho-ap-mIpw B ho-n\v ]mWvUp-htam IqSp-X Nph-n-m htam Dm-bn-cn-pw. kv\nKv-Xbpw Xcnpw kvXw`-\hpw Kpcp-Xzhpw Dm-Ipw. thZ\ Ipd-n-cn-pw. {]bm-k-sp ]gp-p-Xpw hfsc \op-\n-evp-Xpw XSn Nw-sImv s]mXn-Xpw shfptm ]mWvUp-h-ntem D-Xp-amb Ipcp- hym]n-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. AXv s]mn-bm shfppw hgp-h-gp-p-Xpw \qevt]mse hen-bp-Xpw In-bp-Xpw ZpK--ap--Xp-amb New {khn-p-sIm-t-bn-cn-p--Xm-bn-cn-pw. s]mn-b-Xns D]-cn-`m-K-mbn Kpcp-Xz-ap-Xpw nc-X-bp-Xpw he-sv t]mse-bp-Xpw kv\nKv-X-bp-Xpw XSn--Xp-amb tXmep-I-tf-smv aqS-s--Xmb Ipcp- XpSp-m-bn-sm-t-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. I^-hn-k-ap-m-b-hs Nw, \Jw, Iv, apJw, aq{Xw, aew Ch shfp-n-cn-pw. \nZm-\-n ]d eh-Wm-m-Zn-I ioen-p--Xm-bm hnkw ian-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw hn]-co-X--fmb ISq-jvWm-Zn-I ioen-p--Xm-bm hnkw ian-p-Ibpw sNpw. I^-hn-k e-W- C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p.

hmX-]nw {]Ip-]n-X-a-Xn-am{Xw kztl-Xp`nx
]c-kv]cw e_v[-_ew in{L-awtK hnk-Xn.
18

kzw Imc-W--tf-smv hmX-]n-- AXn-bmbn tIm]np AXm-bXp hymbm-am-Zn-I-tf-smv hmXhpw ISz-tm-jvWm-Zn-I-tf-smv ]nhpw tIm]n- ]c-kv]cw tNp _e-h-m-bn-op AXn-th-K-n ico-c-n hnkw Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p.

XZp-]-Xm-]m-Zm-Xpcx k-i-coc awKm-ssc-ch Incy-amWw
a\ytX Oy-I-Xo-kmc aqm-Zm-l-tam-l-Pzc Xa-Imn k
n-t`Z XrjvW-T-tcm-NIm hn]m-ImwK t`Zm-Zn-`n-m-`n-{`-b-
tX. bm-h-Imiw hnktm ƒ\p kXn tkm ƒh-
Imix immw-hm-c-{]-Imtim ƒln ctm hm `h-Xyn
ZKv-{]-Im-i-ssc kvt^mssS-cp-]-Nn-b-tX. k io{L-K
-Xzm-Zm-tizh am-\p-kmco `h-Xn-a-Wo-tNm-]-X]vtX ]
ht\m ƒXn-_-ew `n\-Xyw-Km\n AXn-am{Xw {]tam-l
-bXn kwmw lnm-izmku P\-bXn {]Wm-i-bXn
\n{Zmw. k \jvS-\nt{Zm aqV-kwtm hyYn-X-tN-Xm\
IzNn kpJ-ap-]-e-`tX ]cnXx m\m-Zm-k-\m-N-XvOmw
{Imp-an-Xn njvS-{`-bn-jvT-mip \n{Zmw-e-`tX Zpjv{]-
t_m-[oN `h-Xn. Ghw-hn-[-am-K-c-an hnk ]co
Xw ANn-Inkyw hnZym.
19

hmX--]n--tIm-]w-sImpm-Ip Zzz-hn-k-ns D]-Xm-]w-sImv tcmKn-bpsS icocw apgp-h\pw Xo-\ hnX-dn-b-Xp-t]m-se-bn-cn-pw. On, AXn-km-cw, tamlm-e-kyw, Npp-\o-d, _pn-{`-aw, Pzcw, Xa-I-izm-kw, An-k-n-I-fn ]nf-cn#-p--Xp-t]mse tXmp-I, Zmlw, Acp-Nn, An-am-yw, icocw ]nfp--Xp-t]mse tXmpI apX-emb D]-{Z-h--tfsmv ]oUn-X-\m-bn-cn-pw. icoc-ns GXp-`m-K--fn hnkw hym]n-n-cn-p-pthm B `mK--fn Xo AS-nb Icn---t]mse Idptm AXn-bmb c-htam Dm-Ipw. XosImv s]mf-fn-b-Xp-t]m-se-bp s]mn-f-I-fm hym]n-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. AXv hmX-]n--P-am-I-bm W-n hym]n-p--Xm-b-Xp-sImv DS-s\-Xs a-m-\--fn Fn-t-cp--Xm-Ip-p. a-m-\--fn hnkw-sIm-p ]oU-bp-m-Ip-tm AXn-_-e-hm-\mb hmXw icocw ]nfp--Xp-t]m-se-bp thZ-\sb Dm-pw. kzt_m-[s IqSp-X-embn Cm-Xm-pw. Fn--tbbpw izmk-tcm-K-tbpw Dm-pw. \n{Z-tbbpw \in-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. Dd-n-m--Xp-sImpw Hm-p-d-hp-sImpw at\m-Zpx-Jw-sImpw Ah\v Hnepw kpJw Inp--X-. AXp-sImv \nt-Stm Ccp-t-Stm InS-t-Stm a-In-msX Npddn \S--W-sav B{K-ln-p-p. A{]-Imcw AXn-bmbn tin-nv s]sv Dd-s Inp-p. B Ddw DW-cm hn[-n-em-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. Cu hn[-n-ep An-hn-kw _m[n tcmKsb NnIn-n-t--Xn-sp a\-n-em--Ww.

I^-]nw {]Ip-]nXw _e-h tkz\-tl-Xp\m
hnk-tXy-I-tZ-tiXp {]t-Z-b-Xn-Nm-[nIw
20

kzw Imc-W--sf-smv (Kp-cp-a-[p-cm-Zn-I-tf-smv I^hpw ISzm-m-Zn-I-tf-smv ]n-hpw) tIm]np _e-h-m-bn-o I^-]n-- ico-c-n Hcp ev hnk-ap-m-p-p. B ev IqSp-X \pe-hp-m-Ip--Xp-am-Ip-p.

XZzn-Imcx inX-Pzcx intcm-cpIv Zmlx kvssXan-Xy-aw-Kmh
kZ\w \n{Z-X{m {]tamtlm ƒ-tZzjx {]emt]m ƒn
\mtim Zu_-ey-a-n-t`tZm aqm-]n-]mkm t{kmX
kmw {]tet]m PmUy-an-{-bm-Wm-am-tam-]-th-i-\-aw-Khn
tt]m ƒc-Xn-cukp-Iy-tm-]-Pm-btX {]mb-i-mam
itb hnk-tXyI tZi-{Km-lo-N-kym. bkvanwm
hImti hnktm hnk-Xntkm ƒh-Imtim c
]oX-]m-WvUpc ]nU-Im-`n-c-h-Iow Ch taN-Imt`m a
en-\-kv\nKvtm _lq-jvam-Kpcpx kvXnan-X-th-Z\x izb-Ypam
 Kw`n-c-]mtIm \ncm-{kmhx in{L-t-Z-\ `h-Xn.
kzn-n ]qamw-k {Ita-Wm]cpIv kwmkvar
Xnlm `th ]mZ-]r-jvT-m-h-Zo-cytX k Ia Ch
tNm] ]oUntXm ƒcw {]b--Xyp-]-n amwk-XymKo
kncm-kv\mbp kin-Ip-W-]-K-n `h-XnXw I-ahn
k ]co-X-a-Nn-Inkyw hnZym.
21

I^-]n--P-\y-amb I-a-hn-k-ns hnIm-c- ioX-Pz-cw, Xe-th-Z-\, Npp-\o-d, ico-c-kvXw-`-\w, tZlw-X-f, \n{Z, aSn, at\m-hn-{`-aw, A-nU shdp-v, ]npw-t]bpw ]d-bp-I, An-am-yw, _e--bw, An ]nf-cp--Xp-t]m-se-tXm-pI, tamlm-e-kyw, Zmlw, t{kmX-p-Iv I^w ]qin-b-Xp-t]m-ep-m-hp-I, C{n-b-v PU-X, Ba-am-bnv aew-t]m-hp-I, ssIIm-ep-I-sf-Sp-n-Sp-I, Fm-d-dn\pw Hc-{]nbw DWvT Ch Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. an-hmdpw Bam-i-b-n Hcp {]tXyI `mKs A[n-jvTm-\-amn hym]n-p--Xp-am-bn-cn-pw. GXv m\w-hsc hnkw hym]n-n-cn-p-pthm AhnsS Nphp a-\n-d-nepw ]mWvUp-h-nepw D Ipcp--fm hym]vX-am-b-Xp-t]m-se-bp-an-cn-pw. Idppw aen-\-ambpw kv\nKv-ambpw AXyp-jvW-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw Kpcp-hmbpw \nX-n-\nn-bp thZ-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw Bg-n\nt ]gp-p--Xmbpw s]mn-sbm-en-m-tXbpw W-n \pe-hp-m-Ip--Xm-bp-an-cnpw. amwkw sh-enp Zp--ap--Xm-bn-cn-pw. {ItaW thZ\ Aev]-am-bn-cn-pw. _pnbpw [mcW inbpw \in-pw. ]pd-m Iodp--Xm-Wv. B Ia hnkw ssIsImv sRn-bm Dn Nfn \nd--Xp-t]mse tXmp--Xm-Wv. AhnsS \nv \pe-hp-h amwk- DXnp-t]m-Ipw, knc-Ifpw kv\mbp-fpw sXfn-p-Im-Wpw. ih-ns K-ap-m-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. C{]-Im-c-ap Ia hnkw ]nSn-s]--hs\ NnIn-n-msX Dt]-n-t--Xm-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

oc-Kp-cp-I-Tn\ ioX-kv\nKv a[p-cm--]m-\m-`n-jyn tk
hn\ma hymbma tkhn-\ma {]Xn-I ioem-\m
tjvam-\m-bp {]tIm-]-am-]-Zy-tX. Xmhp`u ZpjvS-{]hr
mh-Xn-_eu {]Zpjy Zpjym hnkmb I]-tX.
X{X-hmbpx tjvam-W-a-t\-I-[m-`n- {ItaW {Kn-amemw
Ir{-]mImw I^m-itb kRvP-b-Xn. Dk cky
hm {]Zqjy cw kncm-kv\m-bp-amwk XzKm-{in-Xm\mw {K
o\mw amemw-I-cptX Xo{h-cp-Pm\mw {Ko\mw q
em\m-a-Wq\mw ZoL-hr cm-\mw. XZp-]-Xm-]m
Pzcm-Xn-kmc lnm-izmk Imk-timj {]taml ssh
hym-tcm-NIm hn]mI {]tkIx On-aqmw-K-`w-K\n
{ZmcXn kZ-\m\n {]Zp`-h-yp-]-{Zhm GssX-cp-]-{Zssh
cp]-{ZpXx kN k-ImWmw hnj-b-a-Xn-]-XntXm
h-\otbm `h-XoXn {Kn-hn-kx.
22

{Kn-hn-k e-W-ncw, Kpcp, ITn-\w, ioXw, kv\nKv-X, a[pcw Fo A-]m-\-tk-h-sImpw I^w hn-p A-]m-\-tk-h-sImpw hymbm-a-an-m--Xp-sImpw I^--hm-X- hn-m th-Xp-t]m-se-bp NnInk sNm--Xp-sImpw I^hpw hmbphpw tIm]n-p--Xm-Ip-p. B I^-hm-bp- Zpjnp hn-Xp hnp {]_-e-am-bn-op cmZn Zqjy-sf Zpjn-n-nv hnks Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXn hmbp I^s At\-I-ambn hwinp {Ia-n {]bm-k-sp ]gp-p--Xmb {Kn-k-aq-l-sf I^m-i-b-n (D-c-n) Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. AYhm cw IqSp-X-em-bp--h\v hmbp cs Zpjn-n-nv knc, kv\mbp, amwkw, Nw Ch-Isf B{i-bn {Kn-I-fpsS amesb Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. CXn\v ITn\ thZ-\-bp-m-Ipw. Cu {Kn-I hepXpw sNdpXpw \of-nepw hrm-Ir-Xn-bnepw Dm-Ipw. c-h-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw B {Kn-hn-ks Xo{h-X-sImv Pzcw, AXn-km-cw, Fn-, izmk-tcm-Kw, Imkw, timjw, at\m-hn-{`-aw, \nd-t`-Zw, Acp-Nn, An-am--Zyw, hmbn\nv sh-sam-gp-Ip-I, On, tamlm-e-kyw, AwK-`w-Kw, \n{Z, Fm-d-dnepw A{]n-bw, Xf, Fo D]-{Z-h- Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. Cu ]d D]-{Z-h--tf-smv D]-{Z-h-ap hnk-tcmKnv Hcp NnIn-bpw sNp-hm Ign-bp--X-. Ahs\ hn-t--Xm-Ip-p. {Kn-hn-k eWw C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p.

D]-{Z-hkvXp tcmtKm-c ImetPm tcmKm-{itbm tcmK
Gh qtem ƒWpm tcmKm ]m-m-btX C
Xyp]-{Z-h-kw-x. X{X-{]-[m\w hym[n hymt[ KpW
`qX D]-{Z-h-kvXky {]mbx {][m\ {]ita {]itam `h
Xn. kXp ]oUm-I-c-Xtcm `hXn ]m-Zp]-Zy-amt\m
hym[n-]-cn-njvS icoc [mXp-I-Xzm. Xkvam-Zp-]-{Zhx Xz
camtWm A`n-[m-th.
23

D]-{Zh hym[n-bm-Is Hcp tcmK-ap-m-Ip--Xn\p apmbpw Hcp tcmKs B{i-bnpw Hcp tcmK-ap-m-b-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw asddmcp tcmKw qe-amtbm kqva-amtbm Dm-Ip--Xn\v D]-{Zh tcmKw Fp ]d-bp-p. hym[n-bmWv {][m\w D]-{Z-h-hym-[n-I {][m-\-a-. {][m\ hym[n-I ian-p-tm an-hmdpw D]-{Z-h-hym-[n-I ian-p--Xm-Ip-p. (an--hmdpw Fv ]d--Xp-sImv Nne-tm hym[n ian-mepw D]-{Z-h-hym[n ian-p-n-s-w.) D]-{Z-hym-[n-bm-Is ico-c-n\v ]oUsb Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. Hcp hym[n-sImv ico-c-t-i-ap-m-Ip Ah-k-c-n D]-{Z-h-hym[n IqSn Dm-Ip--Xm-bm ico-c-tiw IqSp-X-em-bp-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-sImv D]-{Z-h-hym-[nsb W-n HmSn--Ww. (i-an-n--Ww.)

km-b-X\ kapw kU--enwKw hym]n\w k[m
Xz\p kmcnWw Bip-Im-cn-W-a-Xy-b-Im-co-W-anXn NaXzm
kn-]mX hnkw A NnInkyw hnZym.
24

{XntZm-j-v ]d \nZm-\--fm-ep-m-bXpw Fm-hn[ e-W--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw ico-c-n apgp-h hym]n-Xpw c-e-kn-ImZn \mep-[m-Xp-sf B{i-bn-p-m-bXpw s]sv B]-ns\ Dm-p-Xpw ac-Ws Dm-p--Xp-am-sW--dn-nv kn-]mX hnks NnInkn-msX Dt]-n-t--Xm-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

X{X hmX-]n tjva-\n-anm hnkm-kv{Xbx kmym
`h-yn I-amJyu ]p\-c-\p-]-krjvSu a-Wy-\p-]-ltX
hm kncm-kv\mbp amwk-ttZ km[m-cW {Inbm-`n-cp`m
thhm-`y-ky-am\u {]im-n-am-]m-Zy-b-Xmw. A\m-Z-tcm]
{Imx ]p\-kvX-tbm-c-\y-X-tcm-Z-tlZv tZl-amtiz hmio
hnj hnj-h. XYm-{Kn hnka PmtXm-]-{Zh
amc-t`X NnInkn-Xw. D]-{Z-th-tWm-]{Zp Xtz\w ]
cnlm-tc. kn-h-]m-X-Pp k-[m-Xz\p kmcn-XzmZm
ipIm-cn-XzmZv hncp-tm-]-{I-a-Xzm-m-kmyw hnZym.
X{X kmym\mw km[-\-hn-[-a-\p-hym-Jym-kymax
25

hmX--]n---I-^-P-\y-amb aqv hnk-tcm-K- NnInkn-m kpJ-s-Sp--Xm-Ip-p. An-I-a-hn-khpw PzcmZn D]-{Zh hym[n-I-fn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw lrZ-bmZn a-sf B{I-an-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw kncm-kv\m-bp--amw-k-v ]gpv Xm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I-bm-sW-n km[m-cW NnInk-sImv cpw ian-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv. adnp An-hn-khpw I-a-hn-khpw NnInkn-msX Dt]-n-p-I-bm-sW-n k-ns hnjw-sIm-s--t]mse tZls \in-n-p--Xm-Wv. A{]-Imcw {Kn-hn-k-nepw Pzcm-Xn-km-cmZn D]-{Z-h-hym-[n-I-fp-m-bn-n-s-n sshZy NnInkn-p-hm XpS--Ww. D]-{Z-h-hym-[n-I-fp-m-hp-I-bm-sW-n {Kn-hn-k tcmKnsb hn--Ww. kn-]mX hnk-am-Is k-[m-Xp--tfbpw B{i-bn-p-m-Ip--Xp-sImpw W-n ico-cs \inn-p--Xm-b-Xp-sImpw Hcp tZmj-n\v NnInkn-p-tm asddmcp tZmjw hn-p--Xm-b-Xp-sImpw Akm-y-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww. kmy--fmb hnk-tcm-K--fpsS NnInkm-hn-[nsb hnh-cn-p-X-cmw.

ewL-t\m-t-Jt\ ikvXw Xn-Im-\m tkh\w
I^-m-\-K-tX-kmta cq-io-ssX te]\w
]n-m-\-KtX ƒt]y-Xkm-ta-Ip-cym-n-InknXw
timWn-X-kym-h-tk-I hntc-I hnti-jXx.
26

Ba-tZm-j-tm-Sp-IqSn I^-m-\-p-mb hnk-n D]-hm-khpw ha-\hpw Xnu-j-[--fpsS tkh-\hpw cqhpw ioX-f-hp-amb Huj-[--fpsS te]-\hpw lnX-am-bn-cn-pw. Ba-tZm-j-tm-Sp-IqSn ]n-m-\-p-mb hnk-nepw Cu ]d NnInk-Xs sN-Ww. hnti-jnv ctam-Whpw hntc-N-\hpw sNp-Ibpw thWw.

amcp-Xm-ib kw{`tX ƒ]ym-ZnXx kymXZn hncq-Ww
c-]n-m-\ztb ƒ]ym-Zu-kvt\-l\w \ lnXw-aXw
hmtXm_tW Xn-LrXw ss]ntI N {]i-kytX
eLp-tZm-tj, alm-tZmtj ss]ntI kymZn-hn-tc-N\w
\LrXw _lp-tZm-jmb tZbw-X hntc-N-tb
tX\-tZmtjm lyh-jvS_v[x XzMvamw-k-cp-[n-cw-]-tN
XkvamZv hntc-I-ta-hm-Zu1 ikvXw ZZpZv hnknWx
timWn-X-kym-h-tk-I Xy-kym-{ib kwnXw
CXn hnkn-Wm-apw kam-tk\ NnInknXw
GX-tZ-h-]p\x kw hymkXx kw{]-h-y-tX.
27

]Izm-i-b-m-\-n-ep-mb hnk-n BZyw-Xs cq-{Inb sNt--Xm-Ip-p. Fm-hn[ hnk-nepw c-]n--ns A\p-_--ap-s-n BZn-bn kv\nKvX hcp-p {Inb-I-sfmpw \-X-, IpjvT-Nn-Ink-bn ]d Xn-LrXw hmXw hn--Xmb hnk-nepw eLp-tZm-j-ap ]n hnk-nepw \-Xm-Ip-p. _lp-tZm-j-ap ]n-hn-k-n hntc-N\w \-Xm-Ip-p. tZmjm-[n-Iy-ap GXv hnk-nepw s\v sImSp--cp-Xv. tZmjm-[n-Iy-ap hnk-tcm-Knsb hntc-Nn-n--Ww. ImcWw LrX-]m-\w-sImv Dn XS-p-\n--Xmb tZmj- Nw, amwkw, cw, Chsb ]gp-n-p--XmWv AXp-sImv hnk-tcm-Knsb BZyw hntc-Nn-n-p--Xp-X-s-bmWv \-Xv. cw hnk tcmK-ns B{i-b-am-sWv ]d--Xp-sImv c-tam-hpw \-Xm-Ip-p. hnk-tcm-K-ns NnInk Npcp--n C{]-Imcw ]d-b-s-p. CXp-Xs hopw Fmw hnkvX-cnp ]d-bp--Xm-Wv.

aZ\w a[pIw \nw_w hk-Iky lem-\nN
ha\w kwhn-[m-Xhyw hnkt I^-]n-tP
]tSm-e-]n-Np-am`ymw ]neym aZ-t\-\N
hnkt ha\w ikvXw XYm-tN-{-bsshx kl
bmw-tbm-Km {]h-ym-an-It]jp I^-]n-m\mw
hnkm-Wmp tbmPymkvtX tZmj-\nl-cWmx inhm.
28

I^-P-\y-amb hnk-n Cc-n-a-[p-cw, thntXm-ev, IpS-I-m-e-bcn Ch Ijm-bw-shp AXn ae--c Ac-p-I-en sImSpp On-n--Ww. Imp-]-tSm-ehpw thntXmepw Ijmbw shp AXn ae--c Ac-p-I-e-nbpw Xn-en-I-jm-b-n ae-m-c Acp Ie-nbpw sImSpp On-n-p-Xv hnk-n lnX-am-Ip-p. A{]-Imcw IpS-I-m-e-bcn Ijm-b-n ae-m-c Ac-p-tNp sImSpp On-n-p-Xpw \-Xm-Ip-p. Iev]-m-\-n I^--]n tcmKn-Iv On-n-p-hm bmsXmcp tbmK-sf ]d-b-s-Sp-pthm Ahsb I^-]n--P-\y-amb hnk-ap tcmKn-Ipw {]tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Ah tZmj-sf ]pd-tv If-bp--hbpw Ieym-W-{]-Z-hp-am-Wv.

apkvX-\nw_ ]tSm-em\mw N-t\m]-e-tbm-c]n
imcn-_m-a-e-tIm-ioc apkvXm\mw hm hnN-Wx
Ijm-bm tbmP-tbZv sshZyx knm hnk-\m-i-\m
IncmX XnIw tem{w N\w kZp-cm-e`mw
\mKcw ]-In-RvP-ap]ew k hn`o-Xiwm
a[pIw \mK]pjv] ZZymZv -hn-k imtb
{]]u--coIw a[pIw ]-In-RvP-aq]ew
\mK-]p-jv] tem{ tXss\h hn[n\m ]nt_
29

1-ap--, thntXm-ev, Imp-]-tSm-ew, 2-N-\w, \oe-m-a-c, 3-\-m-dn-n-g-v, s\n-, cma-w, ap Cu aqv hnk-i-a-\-n\v ^e-{]-Z-amb Ijm-b-tbm-K-sf _pn-am-\mb sshZy bpn-t]mse {]tbm-Kn--Ww. ]p-cn-p--th-cv, ]mm-d-dn-tm-ev, N-\w, sImSn-q-h-th-cv, Npv, Xma-c-b-n, \oe-m-a-c, Xm\n-, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, \mK-qhv Ch-bpsS Ijm-bhpw hnk-i-a-\-n-\mbn sImSp--Ww. ]pWvU-co-I--cnv Cc-n-a-[p-cw, Xma-c-b-n, \oe-m-a-c, \mK-q-hv, ]mtm-d-dn-tmev Ch-I-tf-smpw Ijmb hn[n-{]-Imcw Ijm-b-ap-mn hnk-tcmKn IpSn--Ww.

Zpcm-e`mw ]-SIw KpUqNow hniz-t`-jPw
\nim-]-cyq-jnXw ZZym XrjvWm hnk \mi\w
]tSmew ]nNp-a Zmow ISp-tcm-lnWow
bjvSymlzw {Xmb-am-Wm ZZym hnk i-tb.
30

sImSnq-h-th-cv, ]-S-Iw, Nnd-d-ar-Xv, Npv Ch cm{Xn sh-n-en-p-shp ]I ]ngn--cnp AXm-bXv ioX-I-jm-b-amn sImSp--Ww. Zml-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb hnkw ian-pw. Imp-]-tSm-ew, thntXm-ev, ac-a--tm-ev, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, {_n Chbpw ioX-I-jm-b-I-amn hnk ia-\-n-\mbn sImSp--Ww.

]tSm-emZn Ijmbw hm knx {Xnhr-X-bm-kl
akq-c-hn-Z-sse-cypw LrX-an{iw {]Zm-]-tb
]tSm-e-]-{X-ap-ZvKm\mw ck-am-a-e-I-kyN
]mb-tbXp LrtXman{iw \cw hnk-]o-UnXw
b-kn alm-Xnw ]n-IpjvT \n_lWw
\nnjvSw XZ-]n-{]mtm ZZym hnk-im-tb
{Xmb-am-Wm-LrXw knm-Kuan tIb-Zp-Zm-lrXw
hnkmWmw {]im-yw ZZym XZ]n _pn-am.
31

AYhm ta]-d ]tSm-emZn Ijmbw s\pw {XntIm-ev]-Ip--Nqhpw taevs]mSn tNtm NW--bdv tNp-sh ]tSm-emZn Ijmbw s\v tNtm sImSp--Ww. Imp-]-tSm-e-]-{Xw, sNdp-]-bdv, ]cnv, s\n Ch-bpsS Ijm-b-n s\ tNp hnk-tcm-Kw-sImv ]oUn-X-\mb a\p-jys\ IpSn-n--Ww. ]n-IpjvT ia-\-n-\mbn \nt-in--s alm-Xn--I-Lr-Xhpw _pn-am-\mb sshZy hnk-i-a-\-n-\mbn sImSp--Ww. Kp-Nn-Ink-bn ]d-b-s {_o-Lr-Xhpw hnk-tcm-K--fpsS ia-\mw _pn-am-\mb sshZy sImSp--Ww.

{Xnhr-qw kam-temUy knjm ]b-km-]nhm
Lamw-_p\m hm kwtbm-Pm-ar-Zzo-Im\m ctk\ hm
hntc-Imw {]tbm-hyw knw hok-\m-i\w
{Xmb-am-Wm-irXw hm]n ]tbm-Z-ZymZv hntc-N\w
{Xn^-em-ck kwbpw knx {Xnhr-Xbm kl
{]tbm-hyw hntc-Imw hnk-Pz-c-im-tb
ck-am-a-e-Im\mw hm LrX-an{iw {]Zm-]-tb
k Gh Kpcp-tIm-jvTmb {Xnhr-q bptXm-lnXx
32

{XntIm-ev]-Ip--bpsS Nqw s\ntem ]mentem NqSp-sh--ntem apn-cn-m-c-k-ntem tNp hnk ia-\-n-\mbn hntc-N-\mw {]tbm-Kn--Ww. AYhm hntc-N-\mw {_n-sIm-p-m-nb ]m-jmbw sImSp--Ww. hnk-tcm-Khpw AXp-sIm-p-mb Pzchpw ian-p-hm-\mbn {Xn^-e-I-jm-b-n s\pw {XntIm-ev]-Ip--Nqhpw tNp hntc-N-\mw {]tbm-Kn--Ww. AYhm s\nm Ijm-b-n s\v tNp hntc-N-\mw sImSp--Ww. {Iqc-tIm-jvT-am-sW-n s\n Ijm-b-n {XntIm-ev]-Ip Nqw tNp hntc-N-\mw sImSp-p-Xv \-Xm-Wv.

tZmtj tImjvT-KtX `qb GX IpcymZv `nj-KvPnXw
imJm-Zp-jvtSXp cp[ntc c-ta-hm-ZotXm ltc
`njIv hmXm-\znXw cw hnjm-tW-\m-`n-\nl-tc
]nm-\znXw Peu-Im-`n-c-em-_p`nx I^m-nXw
bYm-kw hnIm-cky hy[-tb-Zm-iphm kncmw
XzMvamw-k-kv\m-bp-kw-ttZm c-t-Zm-n-Pm-btX
Ghw \nlrX tZmjmWmw tZmtj-XzMv amwk-kw-{intX
BZn-tXm-hm]-tZm-jmWmw {Inbmw _mlym {]h-y-tX.
33

tZmjw tImjvTm-{in-X-am-sW-n ta]-d s\nm Ijm-b-n {Xnhr-e-kvNqw sImSpp hopw tim[\ hcpn sshZy AXns\ Pbn--Ww. ssI-Im-ep-I-fn cw Zpjn-n-p--Xn-em-Is BZyw-Xs c-tam-Ww sN-Ww. cw hmXw-sImv Zpjn--Xm-sW-n sImp-shpw ]nw-sImv Zpjn--Xm-sW-n Asb Cpw I^w-sImv Zpjn--Xm-sW-n Npc--sm-vsImpw sshZy c-tam-Ww sN-Ww. AYhm hnk hnImcw ASp [mXp-hns\ _m[n-p-hm-\p kmy-X-bp-s-n DSs\ kncm-th[w sNbvXp c-tam-Ww sNWw ImcWw c-n\v Non Dm-Ip--Xm-bm Nw, amwkw, kv\mbp Ch-bvp-IqSn Non Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. C{]-Imcw hn tZmj-sf ]pd-tv If-bp-hm-\p NnInk ]d-p. C\n N-tbpw amwk-tbpw B{i-bn-p tZmj-v BZyw sNt-Xpw AYhm Aev]-tZm-j-v BZyw sNt--Xp-amb _mly-{In-b-Isf ]d-bmw.

DZpw-_c XzMva-[pIw ]-In-RvP-ev-ap]ew
\mK-]pjv]w {]nbw-K {]tZlx k LrtXm-lnXx
\yt{Km-[-]m-Zm-kvX-cpWmx IZ-fo-K` kwbpXmx
hnk-{K-n--te]x kym-X-[uX LrX-pXx
Imtebw a[p-Iw-tl-a-h\yw N-\-]-Iu
]{Xw-ar-Wmfw ^en-\o-{]-tZlx kymZvLr-X-pXx.
34

An-tm-ev, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, Xma-c-b-n, \oe-m-a-c, \mK-qhv Rmgqhv Ch Acp s\v tNp-tbm-Pn-np hnk-n te]\w sNp-Xv \-Xm-Wv. Bens Cf-b-thcpw IZ-fn-hm-g-bpsS Impw Xma-c-n-gpw IqSn Acp \mev]m-a-c-sh tNp tbmPn-np hnk-n te]\w sNt--Xm-Ip-p. ac-a--tm-ev, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, \mK-q-hv, Ibn-ap--, N-\w, ]Xp-ap-Iw, ]n-e, Xma-c-h-f, Rmgq-hv, Ch Acp s\v tNp ]qip-Xpw \-Xm-Ip-p.

imeq-I arWm-f iwJm N-\-ap]ew
thX-k-kyN aqem\n {]tZlx kymKvLr-X-pXx
imcn_m ]-In-RvP-I-ev-aq-iocw \oap]ew
aRvPnjvSm N\w tem{[-a-`-bmN {]te-]\w
\f-Z--l-tc-Wp tem{w a[p-I-ap]ew
Zqm k-c-k-ssh kLr-X-kym {]te-]\w
bmhImx k-h-tmmx knjm kl-tbm-PnXmx
{]tZlm a[p-Iw-hocm kLr-Xm-bh khhx
35

Xma-c-n-gv, Xma-c-h-f, iwJv, N-\w, \oe-m-a-c, hn-thcv Ch Ac s\v tNp tbmPn-np hnk-n ]qip-Xv \-Xm-Ipp. \m-dn-n-g-v, Xma-c-b-n, cma-w, \oe-m-a-c, ]qh-w, N-\w, ]mtm-n-tm-ev, ISp Ch Acp ]pc-p-Xpw \-Xm-Wv. cma-w, Atc-Wp-Iw, ]mtm-dn-d-tmev, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, \oe-m-a-c, Idp-I, sNeyw Ch Acp s\v tNp ]pc-t-p--Xm-Ip-p bh-ns aesmSn s\v tNp ]pc--Ww. Cc-n-a-[p-cw, aqhn-e-th-cv, bh-ns aesmSn Ch Acp s\v tNp hnk-n ]qip-Xpw \-Xm-Ip-p.

_em-ap]-e-im-epIw hocm-a-Kpcp N\w
ZZym-Zm-te-]\w sshtZym arWm-fm\n hnkm-\nN
bh-Nqw k a[pIw k LrX {]te-]\w
ltc-W-thm-a-kq-cm k apZvKmx tizX-im-ebx
]rYIv ]rYIv {]tZlmx kypx kthm kl knjm
]n-\o-Iax iotXm-au-nIw ]njvS-tah N
iwJx {]hmfmx ipn hm ssKcntIm hm LrX-]vfpXx
]rY-tKtX {]tZ-lm lnXm-tbm hnkn-Wmw.
36

Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, \oe-m-a-c-n-g-v, aqhn-e-th-cv(-hn-Zm-cn) AIn, N-\w, Ch Acp s\v tNp sshZy hnk-n te]\w sN-Ww. AYhm Xma-c-h-fbpw (cm-a--hpw) Xma-c-n-gpw Acp s\v tNp te]\w sN-Ww. bh-Nqhpw Cc-n-a-[p-chpw s\v tNp ]pc--Ww. Atc-Wp-Iw, NW--b-dv, sNdp-]-b-dv, shfp \h-c-bcn Ch {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-amtbm AYhm Ch Gmw-Iq-Sntbm s\v tNp ]pc--Ww. AYhm Xma-c-n-g-n ]d-dnb Nfn ioX-f-ambn Xstbm ap-c-tXm s\v tNp ]pc--Ww. iwJv, ]hn-gw, app-n-n, Imhn-av Ch Hmtcm-n-tbpw Nqw s\v tNp ]qip-Xv hnk tcmKnv \-Xm-sW--dn-b-Ww.

{]]u-WvU-coIw a[pIw _em-im-ep-I-ap]ew
\yt{Km-[-]{Xw ZpKvo-Im-k-LrXw kym {]te-]\w
hnkm-\nN arWm-fm\n kLr-Xm Iti-cpImx
iXm-hco hnZm-tcym--Iu [uX-LrXw XYm
\yt{Km-t[m-Zpw-_-cm-iz thX-k---Pmw-_hx
Xz-evss _lp-kn`ox inssX-cm-te-]-\w-lnXw
ssihmew \f-aq-em\n tKmPnlzm hnj-InIm
C{m-Wn-imIw kLrXw tZbw hm Zml-im-tb
{]tZlmx k GsshtX c-]n-tm-ez-tW-ln-Xm.
37

]pWvU-co-I--cn-v, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, Xma-c-n-g-v, \oe-m-a-c, Ben Ce, InWn-In-Wn-m-e-bne Ch Acp s\v tNp hnk-n ]pc-p-Xv \-Xm-Wv. Xma-c-n-g-v, Xma-c-h-f, Ibn-an- Ch Acp s\v tNp ]pc--Ww. A{]-Imcw iXm-h-cn-n-gpw ]map-Xp-n Ingpw Acp \mev]m-ac sh tNp ]pc--Ww. Bev, An, Ac-bm-ev, hn, Cn, Rmh, Ch-bpsS tXme-cp [mcmfw s\v tNp ioX-f-te-]\w sNp-Xv hnk-n\v Gd-dhpw \-Xm-Ip-p. Icn--n, cma-w, sImgp- Fen-shn Ce, Icn-t\m-n-bne Ch Acp s\v tNp Npp-\o-d ian-p-hm-\mbn te]-\w sN-Ww. Cu ]d Fm-hn[ te]-\-fpw c-]n-m-[n-Iy-ap--Xmb hnk-n lnX-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p.

I^-tPXp {]h-yman {]tZ-lm-]-cm lcn-Xm
{Xn^-em-]--tIm-iocw kawKm Ic-ho-cIw
\f-aq-em-\y-\-mN {]tZ-l-ap-]-I]-tb
JZncw k]vX-]m apkvX-am-c-Kw-[w-[hw
Ic-Iw tZh-Zmcp ZZym-Zm-te-]-\m-ln-Xw.
38

I^-P-\y-amb hk-n lnX-I-c-am-bn-p addv te]-\-tbm-K-sf C\n ]d-bmw. {Xn^-e, ]Xp-ap-Iw, cma-w, sXmm-hm-Sn, Ic-ho-cw, thgp-nth-cv, sImSn-q-h-thcv Ch Acp te]-\-n-\mbn Xm-dm--Ww. Icn-m-en, Ggn-e--tm-ev, ap-, sIm-tm-ev, Ra-tmev Icn-p-dp-n-th-cv, tZh-Xmcw Ch Acp I^-hn-k-n te]\w sNp-Xv \-Xm-Wv.

Bc-Kz-[ky ]{Xm-Wn-XzNx tjvam-X-Iky N
C{m-Wn-imIw ImImlzm incoj Ipkp-am-\nN
ssihmew \f-aq-em\n hocmw-K {]bw-KpImw
{Xn^emw a[pIw hocmw incoj Ipkp-am-\nN
{]]u-WvU-coIw {lot_cw Zmo-Xz-K-`-bw-_emw
]rY-Km-te-]\w ZZymZv Zzzix ktim ƒ]nhm
{]tZlmx k Gssh-tX-tZbmx kzev]-Lr-X-]vfpXmx
hmX-]n-tm-ez-tW-tbXp {]tZ-lmkvtX LrXm-[nImx.
39

1-sIm--C-e, tiep-hr--ntXmev 2-I-cn-s\m-n-bn-e, Icn-m-fn, s\t-\n-hm-I-q-hv, 3-I-cn--n, thgp-nth-cv, ]map-Xp-nn-g-v, 4-{Xn-^-e, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, ]map-Xp-nIn-g-v, s\t-\n-hm-I-q-hv, 5-]p-WvU-co-I--cn-v, Ccp-th-cn, ac-a--tm-ev, ISp-, Ipdp-tm-n-thcv Cu Ap-tbm-K- Hmtcm-mtbm Cuc-mtbm Fmw IqSntbm I^-hn-k-n te]-\-n-\mbn {]tbm-Kn--Ww. Cu ]d Fm te]-\-tbm-K-fpw Xs Aev]w s\v tNp-]-tbm-Kn-t--Xm-Wv. hmX ]nm-[n-Iy-ap hnk-n bmsXmcp te]-\-tbmKw {]tbm-Kn-p-pthm Ah-bn-semw s\v IqSp-X-embn tNt--Xm-Wv.

LrtX\ iX-[u-tX\ {]Zn-lym tIh-te\ hm
LrX-a-WvtU\ iotX\ ]bkm a[p-Imw-_p\m
]-h Ijm-tbW tkN-tb-o-X-tf\ hm
hmXm-krIv ]n-_-lpew hnkw _lpix ]rYIv
tkN-\mb {]tZ-lmkvtX X Gh-Lr-X-km-[\mx
Xq-tbmKm hnk {hWm-\m-ah Nq\mx
Zpm-kz-ck kwknw LrXw-kymZv {hW-tcm-]Ww
Zmo-Xz-Mva-[pIw tem{w tIi-c-mh NqnXw

]tSmew ]nNp-a {Xn^em a[p-tIm]ew
GX {]m-f\w kn {htW-Nqw {]te-]\w .
40

hmX--c---]n--{]-[m-\-amb hnk-n tIhew \mev]m-ac sh-sImv am{Xwte]\w sNm-hp--Xm-Wv. XWp s\bn-s-fn-sImtm ]mev sImtm Cc-n-a-[pc Ijm-bw-sImtm \mev]m-a-c-tmepw I-c-bm-entXmepw sImv sh ioX-I-jmbw sImtm At\-I-{]m-hiyw [mc-sN-p-Ibpw thWw. te]-\-n\v ]d tbmK--sf-mw-Xs [mc-sN-p-hm-\p Ijm-b-ap-m-p-hm\pw s\p-m-p-hm\pw Nq-amn hnk-{h-W-n hnX-dp-hm\pw D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. s\ns \men-cn Idp-I-\o-cn Iev-sampw tNmsX ]mIw sNbvtX-Sp-p s\v hnk-{h-Ws DWp--Xm-Wv. ac-a--tm-ev, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, ]mtm-d-dn-tm-ev, \mK-qhv Ch \-hw s]mSnp {hW-n hnX-dn-bmepw hnk-{hWw DW-p--Xm-Wv. Imp-]-tSm-ew, thntXm-ev, {Xn^-e, Cc-n-a-[pcw, \oe-m-ac Ch Ijm-bw-shp {hWw Igp-Ip-hm\pw ChIjm-bhpw Iev-hp-ambn s\v Imn{hW-n te]\wsNp-hm\pw Nq-amn{hW-n hnXdp-hm\pw Acpte]\w sNp-hm\pw C]-tbm-Kn-p--Xm-bm hnk-{hWw DW-p--Xm-Wv.

{]tZlmx k GsshtX Ihymx kw{]-[m-h\mx
tW-tW {]tbm-hymx k-ap-r-Xy-te-]\w
A[m-h-t\m-rtX ]qth-{]-tZlm _lptim ƒL\mx
tZbmx {]tZlmx I^tP ]cym-[m-t\m-r-tX-L\mx 41

Fm-hn[ hnk-nepw {]tbm-Kn-p--Xmb Fm-hn[ te]-\u-j-[-fpw Ipdp Ipdp Ign-bp-tm IgpIn FSpp Ifp hopw hopw ]pXn-b te]\w sNt--Xm-Wv. (A-Xm-bXv te]\w sNbvX-Xns aosX hopw te]\w sNp-Itbm Hcp {]hiyw te]\w sNbvX Huj[w IqSp-X kabw shp-Itbm sN-cp-sX-w.) BZyw ]pc-nb te]-\s Igp-In--f-bmsX t\cnb te]\w IqSp-X {]mhiyw sNm-hp--Xm-Wv. I^-P-\y-amb hnk-n L\-n te]\w sNp-Ibpw AXv \-hw DW-n-bm FSp-p-I-f-bp-Ibpw hopw L\-n te]\w sNp-Ibpw thWw.

{Xn`m-Kmw-Kp-jvT-am-{Xw-kym {]te]x Iev-t]-jnXx
\m ƒXn kv\nKvtm \cq- \ ]nWvtUm-\-{Zhx kax
\ N]-cyp-jn-Xw-te]w IZm-Nn-Zh Nmc-tb
\N-tX-ss\-h-te-t]\ ]p\mXp {]te-]-tb. 42

Huj-[- Acp te]\w sNp-Xv NqmWn hnc-ens aqn-sem-cp-`mKw L\-n Bbn-cn--Ww. te]-\u-j-[- IqSp-X kv\nKv-X-bntem cq-Xz-amtbm ]nWvU-cq-]-n-emtbm {Zh-amtbm BI-cpKv kam-h--bn-em-bn-cn--Ww. te]-\u-j[w Ac-p-shp ]g-In-bXv Hcn-epw D]-tbm-Kn--cp-Xv. Hcp-{]m-hiyw ]pc-nb Huj-[w-sIm-vXs hopw ]pc--cp-Xv.

tZ-ho-k iqem-\n-tkmjvW `mhm {]h-tb
tet]mlyp ]cn-]--ky-IrXx tkzZ-b-Xn-{hWw
tkzZPmx ]nU-Im-kvXky IWvUq--thm-]-Pm-b-tX. 43

XpWn-bpsS tase Huj[w ]pcn AXp-sImv sNp te]\w \qe-hv, hnkw, thZ-\, NqSv Chsb Dm-p-Ibpw {hW-XZvsX hnbn-p-Ibpw NsX-p--Xm-Ip-p. NqSp-m-Ip--Xp-sImv tkzZ-P-\y-amb ]nU-Ifpw sNmdn-nepw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

D]-cyp-]-cn-te-]ky tet]m-b-Zy-h-Nm-cytX
Xmt\-h-tm-jm-RvP-\-tb ]-tkym-]-cn-bmIrXx 44

te]\w sNbvX-Xns aosX hopw hopw te] sNp--Xm-bm XpWn-bn Huj[w ]pcn te]\w sNbvXm-ep-m-Ip tZmjw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv.

AXn-kv\nKvtm ƒXn-{Z-h--te-t]m-b-Zyh NmcytX
XzNn-\-n-jytX kayIv\ tZmjw ia-b-Xy-]n. 45

AXn-kv\n-Kv-bnepw AXn-{Z-h-cq-]-nepw te]\w sNp--Xm-bm N-n tNp-\n-evp--X-. tZmjs ian-n-p--Xp-a-.

Xm\zm-en]vXw \ IhoX kwipjvtIm ly]p-Sm-btX
\Nu-j-[n-ctkmhym[nw {]m]vt\m-Xy-]nN ipjyXn 46

IqSp-X t\cnb cq]-n te]\w sN-cp-Xv. AXv thK-n Bdn-tm-hp-Ibpw s]mSn-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. am{X-a Huj-[-ckw tcmKs ian-n-p--Xn\p apm-bn-s DW-n-tm-hp-Ibpw sNpw.

A-]m-\m\n hyman hnkmWmw \nhr-tb
ewLn-tXt`ym lntXm-a-tm-cqx ku{Z icx
a[pcx Inn-Zavtfm hm ZmUn-am-a-e-Im-\znXx
k ]cq-j-I-ar-ZzoIx k Jq-cx) irXmw-_p\m
X-ssWbh imeo\mw bqssj `qRvPo-X-t`m-P\w
apZvKm akq-cmw--W-Im bqjm-ap-]-I]-tb
A\-avfm ZXm-Un-am-am-fm hm ]tSm-em-a-essIx kl
PmwK-em-\m amwkm\mw ckmw-kvX-tkym-]-I-ev]-tb
cqm ]cq-j-I-{Zmm ZmUn-am-a-e-Im-\zn-Xm
cm-tizXm alm-lzm imebx jjvSnssIx kl
t`mP-\mt {]i-kyt ]pcmWmx kp]-cn-]vfpXmx
bhtKm [qa-im-eo\mw kmy-tah {]Zm-]-tb
tbjmw \mXyp-NnXx imeo\-cm-tbN I^m-[nImx. 47

C\n hnk \nhr-n-m-bn-sm-p A-]m-\-hn-[n-Isf ]d-bmw. hnk-tcm-Knv D]-hm-km-\-cw s\v tNmsX cqXhcp-n-bXpw tX\pw ]-km-cbpw tN-Xp-amb aw (a-esmSn sh-n Ie-n-b-Xv) lnX-am-Ip-p. Cuaw a[p-c-ckw hcp-ntbm Aev]w ]pfn-ckw hcp-ntbm sImSp-m-hp--Xm-Wv. a[p-chpw ]pfnbpw hcp-p-hm-\mbn a-n Ddp-am--g-c-ktam s\nmcktam and-do-n ]gw, apn-c-, Cu--gw, Ch-bpsS Ijm-btam tN-Ww. (Cu ]d--h-bpsS Ijm-b-sh--n aesmSn Ien a-ap-m-p-Ibpw sNmw.) bh-n-tbpw sNs-n-tbpw aesm-Sn-sImv shw tNp tel-{]m-b-amn s\v tNp-sIm-Sp-p-Xpw \-Xm-Ip-p. Cu am-h-te-l- Zln--Xn-\p-tijw ]g-Inb sNs--cn-tmdv [m\y-bq-jhpw Iqn D-Ww. bqj-ap-m-p-hm sNdp-]-b-dv, NW--b-dv, a---bdv Ch D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. CXn ]pfn-ckwtNtm tNm-sXtbm ]tSm-ehpw s\n-bpw tNtm bqj-ap-mn D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. kvt\l-{Z-hy--sfmpw tNmsX cqX hcp-n-bXpw Nnd-do-nIm-b, apn-cn-v, Ddp-am--gw, s\n Ch tNp-m-n-b-Xp-amb PmwK-e-amw-k-c-khpw Ah\v `-W-n tNp Ign-p-hm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-mw. ]g-Inb c-im-en, shfp--im-en, alm-imen Fo imens\ns Acn-sImpw \h-c-b-cn-sImpw \-hw sh-n apn-th-hnp tNmdp-mn `-W-n-\mbnD]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv \-Xm-Ip-p. bhw, tKmX-v, sN-s-cn Ch-bn GXmWv hnk-tcm-Knv ioe-sap shm AXp-sIm-p-m-nb Blm-cw-Xs sImSp--Ww. imeyw IqSp-X D]-tbm-Knp ioe-an-m hnk-tcm-Kn-Ipw I^m-[n-Iy-ap hnk-tcm-Kn-Ipw bhwsImtm tKmXw sImtm Dm-nb Blmcw sImSp--Ww.

hnZm-ln-\y--]m-\m\n hncpw kz]-\w-Znhm
t{Im[-hym-bma kqcymn {]hm-Xmw hnh-tb. 48

hnk-tcmKn Dp-gpw Dm-p Blm-c-tbpw ]I-ep-d-p-Xpw t{Im[hpw hymbm-ahpw shbn, Xoq-Sv, IqSp-X Imddv Ch Gevp-Xpw hn--Ww.

Ipcym-n-In-n-Xm-Z-kvam-oX {]mbmWn ss]ntI
cq-{]m-bmWn I^-P-tZ-kvss\-ln-Im\y \nem-tI
hmX-]n {]i-a-\-an hokn-tW-lnXw
I^-]n--{]-i-a\w {]mbx Ia kwtI 49

]nm-[n-Iy-ap hnk-n ioX{][m-\-amb A-]m-\-fpw NnIn-bpw sN-Ww. I^m-[n-Iy-ap hnk-n cq-{]-[m-\-amb A-]m-\-fpw NnIn-bpw sN-Ww. hmXm-[n-Iy-ap hnk-n kvt\l-{]-[m-\-amb A-]m-\-fpw NnIn-bpw sN-Ww. An-hn-k-nU hmX--]n {]i-a-\-amb kvss\ln-I--io-X-{]-[m-\-amb A-]m-\-fpw NnIn-bpw lnX-am-Ip-p. I-a-hn-k-n I^--]n {]i-a-\-amb ioX-cq {][m-\-amb A-]m-\-fpw NnInkbpw lnX-am-Ip-p.

c-]n-tm_Ww mXzm-{Kn hok-am-ZnXx
hncq--ssW ewL-ss\ {]tZsslx ]m-h-evssex
kncm-tam-ss PeuIm`n hass\x k hntc-Nss\x
irssXx Ijmb Xnss Imex kap-]m-N-tc
Duz-_m-[- ipmb ct-Nm-]y-h-tk-Nn-tX.
hmX-tjva lcw I-{Kn hnkntW lnXw. 50

{Kn-hn-ks BZyw AXns c-]n--{]-[m-\s a\-n-em-n-bnv cq-{In-b-I-tf-smpw D]-h-kn-npw ]-h-ev--tf-sm-p te]-\--tf-smpw kncm-th[w sNbvXp c-tam--Ww-sImpw Asb Cp c-tam-Ww sNbvXpw On-npw Ijm-b--Xn--c-k-ap Ijm-b--tf-smpw Ime-\n--b-ap sshZv NnInkn--Ww. C{]-Imcw ha-\-hn-tc-N-\--tf-smv Duz-tim-[-\bpw At[m-tim-[-\bpw hv ]nw ian-p-Ibpw c-tam--Ww-sImv c-ip-nbpw h-Xn-\p-tijw {Kn-hn-k-n hmX-I-^-sf ian-n-p-hm-\p NnInk sNp-Xv \-Xm-Ip-p.

Dm-cn-Im-`n-cq-jvWm-`n-cp-]-\mlx {]i-kytX
kv\nKvm-`nth-i-hm-tc hm {Kn-ho-k iqen\mw
Zi-aq-tem] knt\ ssXte-t\m-jvtW\ tkN-tb
IpjvT-ssX-te\ tNmjvtW\ ]Iz-m-c-bp-tX\ hm
tKmaqss{Xx ]{X-\n-cyqssl cqtmjvssW ]cn-tj-N-tb 51

{Kn-hn-k-n thZ-\-bp-s-n Dm-cn-I(-tKm-Xv s]mSntbm Acn-sm-Sntbm ]ip-hn ]men Imn In-bm-n-sb-Sp-p--Xv) NqtSm-Sp-IqSn shp-sI-ntbm thi-hmcw (C-dn thhn--cp shw, s\v, Xn-en, Ipcp-ap-fIv Ch-bpsS Nqhpw tNp-m-p--Xv) IqSp-X s\v tNp NqtSm-Sp-IqSn shp-sI-ntbm D]-\m-l-tkzZw sNp-Xv \-Xm-Ip-p. Zi-aqe Ijm-bhpw Iev-hp-ambn ]mIwsNbvsX-Sp-p NqSp-ssX-ew-sImv thZ-\-bp {Kn-hn-k-n [mc sN-Ww. AYhm sImwIjm-bhpw Iev-hp-ambn ]mIwsNbvtX-Sp mchpw Iev-hp-ambn ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp mchpw tNpNqtSm-Sp-IqSn [mcsNp-Ibpw thWw. AYhm tKmaq{Xw NqSm-ntbmhmX-I-^-i-a-\--fmb Ce-I-fn-p-sh NqSvI-jm-bw-sImtm [mcsN-Ww.

kptJm-jvWmbm {]Zn-lymZv hm ]njvS-bm-N-Xm-iz-K-bm
ipjvI-aq-eI Ievt\ \-am-eky NmYhm
hn`o-X-Iky hm {Knw Ievt-t\m-jvtW\ te]-tb
_emw \mK-_emw ]ymw `q-{Knw hn`o-XIw
hwi-]-{Xm-Wy-n-aw ZZymZv {Kn-hn-te-]\w
Zo-Nn-{X-I-aq-e-XzIv kp[m-]-bko KpUx
`m-X-Imn Imkokw tet]m-`n-ym-n-em-a]n
_lnamm-{inXw {Knw Inw]p\x I^-kw-`-hw. 52

AYhm Aap-pcw Acp kcn-p-hm Ign-bp NqtSm-Sp-IqSn ]pc-p-Itbm AYhm DW-nb ap-ntbm DntXmtem Xm\n-tbm Acp NqtSm-Sp-IqSn {Kn-bn ]pc-p-Itbm sN-Ww. Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, ISp-, `q-hr--ns {Kn, Xm\n-, apf-bn-e, apRvRthcv Ch Acp {Kn-bn te]\w sN-Ww. \mK-Z-n-th-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, In-m-ev, Fcn-n]m-ev, shw, tNp-cp, ssapw ChAcp te]\w sNbvXm Ivt]mepw s]mn-tm-Ipw. ]ns Fns\ ico-c-ns _ln `mKs B{i-bn-p-m-Ip I^-{Knsb s]mn-m-Xn-cn-pw.

ZoL-Im-e-nX {Knw `nZymZzm t`j-ssP-cnssax
aqe-Im\mw Ipe-m\mw bqssjx km-c-Zm-Unssax
tKm[q-am-ss bhmss k ko[p-a[p isscx
ku-ss{Z hmcp-Wo-a-ss amXpepwK ckm-\znssXx
{Xn^-embmx {]tbm-ssK ]n-en-u{Z kwbpssXx
tZh-Zmcp ]Sp-thymj {]tbm-ssK ssKcn-I-ky N
[qssa hntcssIx inckx ]qtm-ss Kpa-t`-Z\
Atbm-e-hW ]mjmW tla-X]vX {]]o-Uss\x 53

hfsc \mfmbn hnSmsX \np-t]mb {Knsb Nhm-chpw Ddp-am--ghpw tNp kwkvI-cn ap-n-bp-tSbpw apXn-c-bp-tSbpw bqj--fpsS D]-tbmKw sImpw Icn-n \ocv sImpw tXsImpw Dm-nb aZy--tfmSv tNp]tbm-Kn-p tKmXv tNmdv sImpw bh-tm-dp-sImpw amX-fn-\m-c--bpsS ckw tNp hmcp-Wo-a-Zy-ns sXfn-bn tX Iqn-tNp-sIm-p {]tbm-Kw-sImpw tX\pw Xn-eo-Nqhpw tN {Xn^-em-Nq {]tbm-K--tf-smpw tZh-Xm-cw, Cpv, Npv, apf-Iv, Xn-en Ch-bpsS {]tbm-K--tf-smpw ]qm-hn-bpsS {]tbm-Kw-sImpw ap-, tNp-cp, aesm-Sn ChbptSbpw amo-c--n-tbpw {]tbm-K--tf-smpw intcm-hn-tc-N-\--fmb [qa-]m\ {]tbm-K--tf-smpw Kps\ t`Zn-n-p--Xmb apv ]d {]tbm-K--tf-smpw NqSv ]nSn-n Ccpv, Dv I, kzw Ch-sb-sIm-p-ff sR-ep-I-tf-smpw ZoL-Ime {Knsb t`Zn-p-I-f-b-Ww.

{Inbm-`n-cm`nx knm`n hnh-[m-`n _eo-nXx
{Knx ]mjmW ITn-t\m-bZn ss\thm-]-im-ayXn
AYm-ky-Zmlx mtcW issc tlav\m-Y-hm-lnXx
]mIn`nx ]mN-bnXzm hm ]mS-bnXzm kap--tc
tam-tbZv _lpivmky c-apt-i-am-KXw
]p\-c-ky-lrtX ct hmX-tjva PnZu-j[w
[qtam hntcIx inckx tkzZ\w ]cn-a\w
A{]-im-ay-Xn-tZm-tjN ]mN\w hm {]i-kytX
{]nw Zml-]m-Im`ymw `nj-Ivtim-[-\-tcm-]ssWx
_mssly-m-`y--ssc hm]n-{h-W-h kap-]m-N-tc. 54

^e-{]-Z-am-bn-p- hnhn-[--fmb Cu {Inb-IsImpw _e-ambn \nevp-Xpw Ip-t]mse ISp--ap--Xp-amb {Kn ian-m-sX-X-s-bn-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n AXn-\p-tijw CXn\v mcw-sImtm icw sImtm kzw sImtm NqSv shpXv \-Xm-Ip-p. AYhm ]gp-ns\ Dm-p te]-\mZn {]tbm-K-sImv AXns\ ]gp-np Iodn-bnv FSp-p-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNmw. Iodn-b-Xn-\p-tijw \pe-thm-Sp-IqSn hcp--Xmb Chs cs ]e-{]m-h-iy-am-bnv FSp-p-I-f-b-Ww. {Kn Iodn-b-hs \pe-hp cw FSp-p-I-f--Xn-\p-tijw hmX-I-^-sf ian-n-p NnIn sN-Ww. intcm-hn-tc-N-\s Dm-p [qa-]m\w ioen-p-Ibpw hnbn-p-Ibpw ico-c-n Xncp-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. Fnpw tZmjw ian-n-s-n B{h-Wtim^s ]gp-n-p-Xv \-Xm-Wv. NqSpshsImpw ]gp-n-sImpw No h-Xmb {Kn-{h-Ws km[m-cW {hW-n-s\--t]mse sshZy {hWs tim[\ hcp-p-Xpw DW-pXp-amb _mlyhpw B-c-am-bp-ap NnInk sN-Ww. AXm-bXv tim[-\-tcm-]-W--fmb Huj-[- {hW-n-en-Sp-Ibpw tkhn-p-Ibpw sN-W-sa-w.

In-I hnUw-Km-\n-XztNm Zmhym-kvX-ssY-hN
]njvSzm-ssXew hn]-hyw {Kn-{hW NnInknXw
Zzn{h-Wo-tbm-]-Zo-jvtS\ I-Wm-hm-]yp-]m-N-tc
tZi-Ime hn`m-K-t-{h-Wm hok-Pm_p[x 55

In-m-e-th-cv, hngm-e-cn, ac-a--tmev ChAcp Ievw-tNp ]mIw-sN-bvsX-Sp-p ssXew {Kn-{h-W-n te]\wsNp-hm D-a-am-Ip-p. tZi-Ime hn`m-K-sf Adn-bp _pn-am-\mb sshZy hnk-P-\y-amb{hWs Zzn{h-Wo-bm-[n-Im-c-n ]d NnI-Knkm-hn-[n-{]-Imcw NnInkn--Ww.

b Gh hn[n-cp-njvtSm {Ko\mw hn\n-hr-tb
k Gh Kf-K-\vUm\mw I^-Pm\mw \nhr-tb
Kf-K-WvUmkvXp hmtXm-mtb I^m\p _em-\rWmw
LrX-oc Ijm-bmWm a`ym-tk\ `h-n-tX. 56

{Kn-I-fpsS ia-\-n-\mbn bmsXmcp NnInk ChnsS ]d-b-s-pthm B NnInk-Xs I^-P-\y-amb Kf-K-WvU-tcm-K--fpsS ia-\-n-\mbpw sNt--Xm-Wv. (K-f-K-WvUm\mw Fv _lp-h-N\w D]-tbm-Kn--Xp-sImv Kf-K-WvUw, KWvU-am-e, A]Nn Ch-sbmw Ds-Sp-t-p--Xm-Wv.) bmsXmcp Kf-K-WvU--K-WvU-am-em--A-]-Nn-I-fm-Is hmX-P-\p-ambpw I^-ns A\p-_--tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw Dm-Ip-pthm Ah s\v, ]m, Ijmbw Ch-bpsS XpS-bmb D]-tbm-Kw-sImv \in-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv.

bm\ol Im-Wyp-m\n hnkmWmw \nhr-tb
GI-kvXm\n kmWn c-tam-W taIXx
hnktm \ lykw-krjvtSm c-]n-t\ eytX
Xkvam km[m-cWw k-ta-Z-Zpw NnInknXw
hnti-j-tZmj sshti-jymv N t\mx kam-kXx
kam-k-hymk \nnjvSmw {Inbmw hnZzm-\p-]m-N-tc. 57

hnk-i-a-\-n-\mbn ChnsS ]d Fm NnInk-Ifpw Hcp `mKpw c-tam-Ww Hcp-`m-Kpw Bbm kam-\-am-bn-cn-pw. (A-Xm-bXv hnk-n addv NnInk-tb-m {][m\w c-tam--W-n-\m-sW-w.) ImcWw hnk--tcmKw c-]n---fpsS Ien-msX Dm-Ip--X-. AXp-sImv Cu]d hnkNnInk-sbmw hmX--]n---I^ c-tZm-j-p km[m-cW NnInk-bm-Ip-p. tZmj-hn-j-a-X-I\pk-cn-p hntij NnInk ]d-n-n-. Npcp--nepw hnkvX-cnpw ]d-n-p--Xmb Cu hnk NnInksb hnZzm-\mb sshZy tZmj-tZ-i-Im-e--\p-k-cnp {]tbm-Kn--Ww.

X{X-tmIx
\ncp-m-\ma t`Zm tZmjm Zqjym--tl-Xhx
B{i-tbm-am-X-ssh hnk-Kp-cp-em-Lhw
enwKm-\yp-]-{Zhm tbN-b--W D]-{Z-hx
kmyXzw \Nm-km-yXzw km[-\ bYm-{Iaw
CXo ]n{]-th kn-a-n-th-imb [natX
]p\-kp-cp-hm-tNZw hnkmWmw NnInkn-Xw. 58

hnk-tcm-K--fpsS \n-N-\w, \ma-t`-Zw, tZmjw, Zqjyw, \nZm-\w, B{i-bw, amw, Kpcp--em-L-h, e-Ww, D]-{Z-h-, D]-{Z-h--fpsS e-W-, kmy-X, Akm-y-X, hgn-{I-a-n-ep NnInk Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb ^e-{]-Z-ambhnkNnInktb `K-hm ]p\-kp, Pnm-kphpw _pn-am-\p-amb An-thi aljn-m-bn-sImv D]-tZ-inp sImSp-p-I-bp-m-bn.

CXy-n-thi IrtX-Xt{ Nc-I-{]Xn kwkvIrtX ƒ
{]m]vtX-Zr-V-_e {]Xn-kw-kvIrtX NnIn-n-X-mt\
hnk-tcmK NnIn-nXw \ma GI hnwtim ƒymbx

tmI x 1 - 15 16 - 30 31 - 45 46 - 58