Aymbw  15

{Kl-Wo-tZmj NnIn-nXw

tmI x

1 - 15

16 - 30

31 - 45

46 - 60

61 - 75

76 - 89

AYmtXm {Kl-Wo-tZmj NnIn-nXw hymJym-kymax

CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx

1

C\n {KlWotZmj NnIn-nXw F Aymbs Bt{Xb `K-hm D]-tZ-in-Xp {]Imcw Xs An-thi aljn hnh-cn-p-p.

Bbphtm _ew kzmy-apkm-tlm-]-N-bu-{]`m

HmP-kvtXtPm ƒ bx {]mWmtmm tZlm-n-tl-XpImx

2

Bbp-v, h-{]-km-Zw, _ew, Btcm-Kyw, Dm-lw, ]pjvSn, {]`, HmPv, tXP-v, ]m-n-I, ]-{]m-W-m Fn-h-smw {][m\ ImcWw PT-cm-n-bm-sWv ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

imt ƒ u {anb-tX-bpt Nncw-Po-h-Xy-\m-abx

tcmKo-kymZv hnIrtX aqe-a-n-kvXw-`m-n-cp-NytX

3

PT-cmn ian-p-t]m-bm acn-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv. PT-cmn ka-n-Xn-bn-em-bm Btcm-Ky-hm-\mbn hf-sc-mew Pohn-p--Xm-Wv. PT-cmn hnIr-X-am-bm AXm-bXv ahpw XovW-hp-am-bm tcmKnbmbno-cp--Xm-Wv. AXp-sImv BbphmZnIfpsS aqe-Im-cWw PT-cm-n-bpsS B{i-b-am-sWv ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

bZ-w-tZl [mtXzmtPm _e-hmZn t]mjIw

X{Xm-n-tl-Xp-cm-lm-cm--ly-]-IzmZv ckm-Zbx

4

bmsXmcp Blmcw tZl-tbpw [mXp--sfbpw HmP-n-t\bpw h-{]-km-Z-tbpw t]mjn-n-p-pthm Ahn-tSbpw tlXp An-X-s-bmWv ImcWw ]mIw hcm Blm-c-n\nv ckm-Zn-[m-Xp- Dm-Ip--X-.

A-am-Zm\ Im-Xp-{]mWx tImjvTw {]IjXn

X{Z-ssh`n kwLmXw kvt\tl\ arZp-Xmw-KXw

kam-t\-\m-h-[p-tXm-ƒ n-cp-Zocyx ]h-t\-\Xp

Imte-`pw kaw kayIv ]N-Xym-bp hnhr--tb.

5

{Kl-W-Iw sNpXmb {]mWhmbp `pPn--s-Sp Blm-cs kzoI-cnp Bam-i-b-n Fn-p-p. Blm-c-n-ep {Zh-]-Zm--tf-smv A kwLm-Xs On-`n--am-p-Ibpw kvt\lXzw sImv As arZp-hm-p-Ibpw sNp-p. DNn-X-amb ka-bv Ign--s-Sp Blm-cs kam\ hmbp-hn-\m {]Pz-en-X-am--s-Sp PT-cmn Bbp-ns h-\-hn-\mbn kam-h--bn nXn sNbvXp th-Xp-t]mse ]Nn-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

Ghw ck-a-em-bm--am-i-b--a[x nXx

]N-Xy-n-cy-Ym-meym tamZ-\m-bmw_p XWvUp-ew.

6

F{]-Imcw Hcp ]m{X-n shhpw Acnbpw ASp-v shp ASn-bn Xo In-m ]mIw hp tNmdm-bn-o-cp-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw PT-cmn Bam-i-b-n nXn-sN-p Blm-cs ]Nn-np ckmZn [mXp--fmbpw ae-ambpw ]cn-W-an-n-p--Xm-Wv.

Aky `p-am-{Xky j{U-kky {]]m-IXx

a[p-cm-Jym I^m `mhm t^\-`mh DZo-cy-tX.

]cp ]Ny-am-\ky hnZ-Kv-kymavf `mhXx

Bi-Nm-Ny-h-am-\ky ]n-a--ap-Zo-cytX

]Izm-i-bp {]m]vXky timjy-am-Wky hn\m

]cn-]n-WvUnX ]Izky hmbpx kymI-Sp-`m-hXx

7

j{U-km--I-amb Blm-c-n\v Ign--D-Ss\ ]mIm-cw-`-n a[p-c-`mhw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. B a[p-c-`mhw sImv \pc-t]m-ep I^w hn-p--Xm-Wv. AXn-\p-ti-j-am-Is ]mIw-hp Zln-p Bh-k-c-n B Blm-c-n\v A-`m-h-ap-m-Ip--Xm-Wv. Ao-`q-X-amb Blmcw Bam-i-b-n\nv ]Ny-am-\m-i-b-n-tev t]mIp-tm kz-cq-]-n-ep--]nw hn-p--Xm-Wv. ]Ny-am-\m-i-b-n\nv ]Izm-i-bs {]m]np An-sImv timjnp ]mIw-hp In-bm-bn-o-cp Blm-c-n\v ISp-`m-h-ap-m-Ip--Xm-Wv. ISp-`m-h-Xzw-sImv Atm hmbp hn-p--Xm-Ip-p.

A-anjvSw lyp]-lnXw CjvssS Km-Zn`nx ]rYIv

tZtl-{]o-WmXn Km-Zo {]mWm-Zo-\n-{n-bmWn N.

8

CjvS-s-Sp K--c-k--cq-]-kv]i--i_vZ KpW--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Blmcw CjvSm-\p-k-cWw D]-tbm-Kn--s-Sp--Xm-bm ico-c-n K-c-km-Zn-I-tfbpw {]mWm-]-\mZn hmbp--sfbpw Npx-t{im-{XmZn C{n-b--tfbpw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p--Xm-Ip-p.

`uam-]ym-tb hmbhymx ]tm-jvamWx k\m-`kmx

]m-lm-c-Kp-Wm kzmkzm ]mo-hm-Zo ]N-nln

bYm-sskz-tch ]pjy-t-tZtl {Zhy-KpWm ]rYIv

]mnhmx ]mn-hm-t\-h-tijmx tijm Irkv\ix

9

`uaw, B]yw, Bt-bw, hmb-hyw, \m`kw Fo Ap-hn[ Dujvamhv Blm-c-nse ]mo-hmZn Xs Xt-Xmb Ap-hn[ KpW-sf ]mIw hcp-p--Xm-Ip-p. (A-Xm-bXv `qan-kw-_-n-bmb Dujvamhv Blm-c-nse `uamw-i-tbpw Pe-kw-_-n-bmb Djvamhv Blm-c-nse Pemw-i-tbpw An kw_n Dujvamhv Blm-c-nse Ayw-i-tbpw hmbp kw_-n-bmb Dujvamhv Blm-c-nse hmbzw-i-tbpw BIm-i-kw-_n Dujvamhv Blm-c-nse BIm-imw-i-tbpw ]cn-]m-I-s-Sp-p--Xm-Wv.) ico-c-n {Zhy--fpsS KpW- {]tXyIw {]tXyIw Xs Xs Awi--tf-smv ico-cs ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv `qan KpW-{]-[m-\-amb Kpcp-Jc ITn\ a-nc hniZ km{-qe K--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Blm-c- ico-c-n `qan-Kp-W-amb Kpcp-J-cm-Zn-Isf t]mjn-n-p-p. AXm-bXv Blm-c-nse KpcpXzw ico-c-ns Kpcp-Xz-tbpw JcXzw Jc-Xz-tbpw Fo {Ia-n t]mjn-n-pp Fw. tijn Pem-Zn-`q-Xmw-i-fpw Pem-Zn-Kp-W--tfsmv XnIpw ]pjvSn-s-Sp--Xm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Pe-KpW {][m-\-amb {Zh-kv\nKv ioX a kc-km{ arZp-]n-ne ck-Kp-W--tfmSp IqSnb Blm-c- ico-c-n Pe-Kp-W-amb {Zh--kv\n-Kvm-Zn-Isf t]mjn-n-p-p. An KpW-{]-[m-\-amb DjvW XovW kqva eLp cq hni-Z-cq-]-Kp-W--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Blm-c- ico-c-n DjvW-Xo-vWm-Zn-Isf t]mjn-n-p-p. hmbp-Kp-W-{]-[m-\-amb eLp ioX cq-Jc hniZ kqva-kv]i KpW--tfmSp IqSnb Blm-c- ico-c-n eLp--io-Xm-Zn-Isf t]mjn-n-p-p. BImi KpW-{]-[m-\-amb arZp eLp kqva-vW i_vZ-Kp-W--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Blm-c- ico-c-n arZp--e-Lp-Xzm-Zn-Isf t]mjn-n-p-p.

k]vX-`nt-l-[m-Xmtcm [mXthm Zznhn[w ]p\x

bYm-kz-a-n`nx ]mIw-bmn In-{]-km-ZXwx.

10

tZls [cnp ckmZn k]vX-[m-Xp- Xs Xt-Xm-bn-cn-p [mXz-n-I-tf-smv Inpsapw {]km-Z-sapw cp-hn-[-n-embn ]mI-s-Sp-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Blmcw PT-cm-n-bm ]mIw h-Xn-\p-tijw ckm-Zn-[m-Xz-n-bm ]mIw hp [mXp-t]m-j-I-am-bn-o-cp-p.

ckmZm cw XtXm-amwkw amwkm taZ-kvX-tXm-nN

Avt\m-a-m-XXx ip{Iw ip{Im-ZvK`x {]km-ZPx

11

Blmcw PT-cm-n-bm ]mIw-hp BZyw-Xs AXns {]km-Zmwiw ck-[m-Xp-hmbpw B ck-[mXp kzK-X-amb An-bm ]mIw-hp AXns {]k-Zmwiw c-ambpw B cw kzK-X-amb An-bm ]mIw-hp {]km-Zmwiw amwk-ambpw B amwkw kzK-X-amb An-bm ]mIw hp {]km-Zmwiw taZ-mbpw taZv kzK-X-amb An-bm ]mIw-hp {]km-Zmwiw An-bmbpw An kzK-X-amb An-bm ]mIw-hp a-bmbpw a kzK-X-amb An-bm ]mIw-hp {]km-Zmwiw ip-ambpw ipw kzK-amb An-bm ]mIw-hp {]km-Zmwiw _oP-cq-]-ambn tZl-n hn-p-Ibpw kv{Xo kwk-n K`w Dm-hp-Ibpw sNp-p.

ckmkvX\yw kv{Xobm c-a-krPx IWvUcmx kncmx

amwkmZv hkm-XzNx jSvN-ta-Zkx kv\mbp-kw-`hx.

12

k{Xo-Iv ck-[m-Xp-hn \nv kvX\yhpw B-h-c-hpw D]-[m-Xp-hm-bp-mIp--Xm-Ip-p. s]mXpsh Fm-hpw c-n\nv c-hm-ln-\n-I-fmb qe-kn-c-Ifpw amwk-n\nv hkbpw Bdv Nhpw taZ-n\nv kv\mbp-fpw D]-[m-Xp-hm-bp-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

In-a-ky hnaq{Xw ckky Xp It^m ƒ krPx

]nw amwkky Ja-em-aex tkzZkvXp taZkx

kymInw tIi-tem-am-vt\m-avRx kvt\tlmƒ n-hn-SvXzNmw

{]km-Z-Inu [mXq\mw ]mIm-tZ-hm-hn-KlXx

]c-kv]-tcm] kwkvXw-`mZv [tm-tZtl ]c-kv]cw

hrjym-Zo\mw {]`m-hkvXp ]pjvWmXn _e-am-iplo

jvUv`nx tINn-Z-tlm-cm-ss{X-cn-n ]cn-h\w

k-Xym-t`m-Py-[m-Xq\mw ]cn-hr-nkvXp N{I-h.

13

`n Blm-c-ns In-amWv aehpw aq{Xhpw {]km-Zmwiw ck-[m-Xphpw B ck-[m-Xp-hns In-amWv I^w, c-ns Inw-]n-w, amwk-ns Inw, t{im{Xm-Zn-Zzm-c--fn-ep-m-Ip aew, taZ-ns Inw hnbv, An-bpsS Inw ico-c-nse tcma-fpw Xe-ap-Snbpw (\-J--fpw), a-bpsS Inw ico-c-nse kvt\lmw-iw, N-ns Inw t\{X-a-ehpw BIp-p. C{]-Imcw [mXp--fpsS ]mIw-sImv {]km-Z-`m-Khpw Inhpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. {]km-Z-`m-K-fpw In-fpw ]c-kv]cw B{i-bnp \nevp--Xm-b-Xp-sImv tZl-n ]c-kv]cw t]mj-I-am-bn-o-cp--Xm-Ip-p. ip-hr-n-I-c-amb Huj-[- AXns {]`m-hw-sImv W-nXs ip-hr-nsb AYhm [zP-ljs ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. Nne BNm-cy-m BdvZn-h-kw-sImv [mXp-]-cn-h-h\w Dm-Ip--Xm-sWv ]d-bp-p. kZm Ign-p-sIm-t-bn-cn-p Blmc ck--tf-sm-p [mXp-]-cn-h-\-am-Is N{Iw Xncn-bp--Xp-t]mse kZm [mXp--fpsS ]cn-h\w hp-sIm-t-bn-cn-p--Xm-Wv. ([mXp ]cn-h-\s kw_-nv ]e BNm-cy-mcpw ]e A`n-{]m-b-amWv ]d-p-Im-Wp--Xv. ChnsS Bdv Znh-kw-sIm-v [mXp-]-cn-h\w Dm-Ipp Fv ]d--XnXs c-`n-{]m-b-ap-v. AXm-bXv ck-[mXp Bdv Znh-kw-sImv cmZn ipmw htc-bp Bdv [mXp--fmbn ]cn-W-an-pp Fpw AX Hmtcm [mXp-hmbpw ]cn-W-an-p-hm Bdmdv Znhkw thW-sapw A`n-{]m-b-ap-v. Blm-tcm-]-t`m-K-Zn-\m izxc-kXzw XrXo-tbn cXzw NXptn amwk-Xm-ta-ZkvXzw ]-ta-j-jvtT-Xz-nXzw k]vXta aXm AjvSta ip{IXm CXn. CXv ]cm-i-cs A`n-{]m-b-am-Wv. kp{ip-X-n C{]-Im-c-sam-p-a ]d-p-Im-Wp--Xv. {XoWn-{XoWn Iem-k-l-{kmWn ]-Z-i-N-Iem GssI-I-kvan [mXm-h-h-Xn-jvT-tX, Ghw amtk-\-ckx ip{Io-`-h-Xn. kv{XoWmw Nm-hw. (CXn kp-kq--A-24)

CXyp--h--am-Nmcyw injy-kvXzn-Z-a-tNm-Z-b

ckmZv cw {]hn-iXx IYw-tZm-l-ƒ `n-Pm-btX

ck-ky-N-\-cmtKm ƒ kvXnk IYw-bmXn cXmw

{ZhmZv cmncw amwkw-IYw Xm-b-tX-\rWmw

{Zh-[mtXmx ncm amwkm taZkx kw`hx IYw

vWm`ymw amwk-ta-tZm`ymw JcXzw IY-a-njp

Jtc-jz-njp am N tI\-kv\nKvtm arZp-kvXYm

avRkvXp ]cn-Wm-ta\ bZn-ip{Iw {]htX

k-tZ-l-KXw ip{Iw {]h-Zn a\o-jnWx

XYm-n-a-y-a-vR ip{Iw-`-hXn tZln\mw

On{Zw \Zr-iytX ƒ v\m--Xnx kc-Xn-hm-I-Yw.

14

C{]-Im-c-samw ]d BNm-cy-\mb Bt{X-b-`-K-hm-t\mSv injy\mb An-thi aljn Cn-s\-tNm-Zn-p-I-bp-m-bn--A-tbm `K-hmt\ tZl-n ck-[m-Xp-hn \nv cw Fns\ Dm-Ipp ? ck-n\v Fp-sImv Nphv h-an ? B ckw Fns\ c-h-am-bn-o-cpp ? {Zh-cq-]-n-ep c-n\nv nc-cq-]-n-ep amwkw a\p-jy-mv Fn-s\-bp-m-Ipp ? nc-Xz-ap amwk-n\nv {Zh-cq-]-n-ep taZv Fn-s\-bp-m-Ipp ? arZp-Xz-ap amwk-ta-Z-p-I-fn\n-p-mb An-I-fn JcXzw Fn-s\-bp-mbn ? Jc-Xz-ap An-bn\nv GXp-{]-Im-c-n-emWv kv\nKv-Xbpw arZp-Xz-hp-ap a-bp-m-Ip-Xv ? a-bpsS ]cn-Wm-aw-sIm-mWv ipw Dm-Ip--sX-n ipw tZl-n apgp-h hym]n-p-In-S-p--Xm-sWv _pn-am-m Fns\ ]d-bpp ? AXp-t]m-se-Xs An-bpsS ay-n-ep a-bn\nv ip-ap-m-Ip-p. An-bn-em-sW-n Fhn-tSbpw Zzmcw ImWp-n-. ]ns Fns\ An-a-y-K-X-amb a-bn\n-p-mb ipw Zzmc--fn-m An-bnqSn ]pd-tv hv tZl-n apgp-h hym]n-p-p.

Gh-ap-kvXp intjy-W-Kpcpx {]mtl-Z-ap-cw

tXtPm-c-km\mw ktjmw a\p-Pm\mw bZp-NytX

]ntm-jvaWx kcm-tKW ctkm-c-Xz arXn

hmbzw-_p-tXP kmc--aq-jva-Wm-Nm`n kwbpXw

ncXmw {]m]y-amw-kw-kym tkzmjvaWm ]Iz-ta-h-X

kztX-tPmw_p KpW-kv\n-Kvtm-{Znw tatZm ƒ `n-Pm-btX

]rYn-hy-y-\n-em-Zo\mw kwLmXx tkzmjva-Wm-IrXx

JcXzw {]I-tcm-Xyky PmbtX ƒ n-XtXm \rWmw

Itcm-Xn-X{X kujn-cy-av\mw at[y-k-ao-cWx

taZ-km-o\n ]pcyt kvt\tlm am-XXx kvarXx

Xkvam aPvkvXpbx kvt\lx ip{Iw kwPm-btX ƒ njp

tX\-{k-hXn Xp{Iw \hm Ipw`m-an-thm-ZIw

t{kmtXm`nx kytX tZlm ktaXw ip{I-hm-ln`nx

ltj-tWm-Zo-cnXw thKm k]m at\m-`-hm

hneo\w LrX-hZv hymbm-tam-jvaWm m\-hn-NypXm

hkvXu kw`rXy \ncymXn em-n-av\-an-thm-Z-Iw.

15

C{]-Imcw tNmZn injy-t\mSv Kpcp-\m-Y Cns\ Dcw ]d-p. Fm a\p-jy-mpw Blm-c-P-\y-am-bp-m-Ip ck-n\v bmsXmcp tXPv ]d-b-s-pthm B tXP-p-sImpw ]ntm-jvam-hn-\m ]mIw h-Xmb hw-sImpw B ckw c-ambn ]cn-W-an-p--Xm-Ip-p. B cw hmbphpw Pehpw tXPpw Dujvamhpw IqSn-tv Jc-Xzs {]m]np amwk-am-bn-o-cp--Xm-Wv. B amwkw kzw Dujvam-hvsImv ]cn-]-Iz-am-hp-Ibpw kzw tXPpw Peo-b-Kp-Whpw kv\nKv-Xbpw hnp taZ-p-m-Ip--Xm-Wv. B taZ-n\v `qan--A-n--hm-bzm-Zn-I-fpsS Hcp-h-an-p tN-sImpw kzw Dujvam-hn-\m ]mIw hcp--Xp-sImpw JcXzw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. AXn-\p-tijw a\p-jy-m-cpsS An Dm-Ip-p. B An-bpsS ay-n hmbp-Zzmcw Dm-p--Xm-Wv. B An-Zzmcw taZ-vsImv \nd-bp--Xm-Wv. AXn-\p-tijw B kvt\ls a Fv ]d-bpp B a-bn bmsXmcp kvt\l-aptm B kvt\l-n\nv ipw hmbzm-Im-im-Zn-I-fpsS `mh--tf-smv An-I-fn-ep-m-Ip kqva kpjn-c--fnqSn ]pd-tv {khn-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXv F{]-Im-c-sa-m ]pXnb a]m-{X-n shw Hgn-p-sh-m ]pd-tv {khn-p--Xp-t]mse A{]-Im-c-ap-m-Ip--Xmb ipw Ima-P-\n-X-amb at\m-k-ev]w sImp-m-Ip hn hnIm-c-{]-h-\w-sImv ico-c-n\nv ip-hm-ln-t{km-X-p-I hgn-bmbn {]h-ln-p-Ibpw AXv ssaYp-\mZn hymbm-a-P-\y-amb Dujvam-hvsImv Dcp-Inb s\s--t]mse {Zho-`q-X-ambn m\--fn \nsm-gpIn ip-h-kvXn-bn ptNp aq{X-am-nqSn ]pd-tv t]mIp--Xm-Ip-p. AXv F{]-Im-c-sa-m--D-b e-n\nv shw Xmgv e-n-tev Hgp-Ip--Xp-t]m-se. (C-hnsS ipw ico-c-n k{X hym]np InS-p-I-bm-sWpw hnIm-c-ap-m-Ip-tm ip-hm-ln-t{km-X-p-I hgn-bmbn {khn-p-hm XpS-pp Fpw ssaYp-\mZn hymbm-aw-sIm-p-m-Ip Dujvam-hn-\m {Zho-`q-X-ambn ipm-i-b-n hp-tNp aq{X-am-nqSn ]pd-tv t]mIpp FmWv ]d-n-p--Xv. Fm AXv A{X icn-bm-sWv tXmp-n-. ad-dp [mXp-]-cn-Wm-aw-t]m-se-Xs ip-[m-Xphpw ip-am-bn-s ]cn-W-anp aq{Xm-i-b-n--Sp-p--Xmb ipm-i-b-n tI{o-I-cnp kZm-nXn sNp-Ibpw ssaYp-\m-h-k-c-n aq{X-am-nqSn ]pd-tv hcn-I-bp-amWv sNp--Xv. ta ]d Kpcp-injy kwhmZ tmI- N{I-]m-Wn-bpsS hymJym-\-n ]d-p-Im-Wp-n-. AXp-sImv Ah {]n]vX tmI--fm-sWv kwi-bn-p-p.)

hymt\\ ck-[m-Xpln hnt-t]m-Nn-X-IWm

bpK-h ktXm ƒ P-{kw-tZtl hnn-]ytX kZm.

n]y-amWx Jssh-Kq-WymZv ckx k-Xn-b-{Xkx

Xkvan hnIm-cm IpcptX hnhj-anh tXmbZx.

tZmjm-Wm-a]n ssNhw-kym X{X-tZti {]tIm-]Ww

CXn-`u-Xn-I-[m-Xz ]rWmw I-`m-jn-Xw.

16

hym]\ I-io-e-ap hym\-hm-bp-hn-\m ck-[m-Xp-hn-s\-bm-Is kZm ico-c-n Htc Ah-k-c-n Fm-`m-Khpw \nc-cw hym]n-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. A{]-Imcw hym]n-p ck-[mXp ck-hlt{kmX-p-I-fpsS sshKpWyw ImcWw Fhn-sS-sb-nepw XS-p-\n-p-t]m-hp-I-bm-sW-n AXv B e-n \m\m-hn-[-n-ep hnIm-c-sf Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXv F{]-Im-c-sa-m BIm-i-n taLw FhnsS XS-p-\n-p-t]m-Ip-pthm AhnsS ag s]p--Xp-t]m-se-bm-Ip-p. C{]-Im-cw-Xs tZmj-pw FhnsS XS--ap-m-Ip-pthm AhnsS tZmj- {]tIm-]np tcmK--fp-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw `qXm-n, [mXz-n, As ]Nn-n-p--Xmb PT-cmn Fn-h-bpsS {]hn ]d-b-s-p.

A-ky-]zm ktjmw ]r-Wm-a-[n-t]m-aXx

Xq-emkvtX lnX-Zzrn b-hrn bm-Imx

{XkvamXw hn[n-h-Zyp-ss-c ]mt\--ss\lnssXx

]me-tb {]b-X-kvXky nXu lymbp_-e-nXnx

17

]Nn-n-p Fm-hn[ An-I-fp-tSbpw A[n-] Blm-cs ]Nn-n-p PT-cm-n-bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv PT-cm-nv hrn-bp-s-n `qXm-npw [mXz-npw hrn-bp-m-hp-Ibpw PT-cmn bn-m `qXm-nbpw [mXz-nbpw F{X {]bm-k-spw lnX-am-bn-p-Xpw hn[n-{]-Imcw D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xp-amb A-]m-\-am-Ip C-\--tf-smv cn--Ww. ImcWw Bbp-n-tbpw _e-n-tbpw nXn A-]m-\m-n-bmb PT-cm-n-bn-emWv nXn-sN-p--Xv.

tbmln-`qt hn[nw-Xyzm {Kl-Wo-tZm-j-PmK-Zm

keu-ym--`-tX-io{Lw hyt ƒ Xx ]cptb.

18

bmsXm-cp-h tem`w-sImv Blm-c-hn-[nsb Dt]-n-nv Blmcw Ign-p-pthm Ah W-n {Kl-Wo-tZm-j-P-\y-amb tcmK-sf {]m]n-p--Xm-Ip-p. C\n {Kl-Wo-tZm-j-sf {]m]n-p--Xm-Ip-p. C\n {Kl-Wo-tZm-j-P-\y-amb tcmKw kw_-np ]d-bmw.

At`m-P-\mZ PomXn t`mP-\mZv hnj-am-i-\m

Akmy Kpcp-io-XmXn cq-kw-ZpjvS t`mP-\m

hntcI ha\ kvt\l hn{`-amZv hym[n-Ij-Wm

tZi-Im-ep sshj-aymZv thKm-\m hn[m-c-Wm

Zpjy-Xynx k ZpjvtSm ƒ w \ X ]NXn eLp]n

A]-Ny-am\w ipXzw bmXyw hnj-Xm--X.

19

D]-hm-kw-sImpw AXn-t`m-P-\w-sImpw hnj-am-i\w (Iq-Sp-Xtem Ipdtm AIm-ev Ign-p Blm-cw) sImpw kmy-a-m Blm-cw-sImpw Kpcp-Xz-ap-Xpw AXyw cq-X-bp-Xpw Zpjn--Xp-amb Blmcw Ign-p-I-sImpw hntc-N-\w, ha-\w, kvt\l-]m\w Fnh sXd-dmbn sNp-I-sImpw Fs-nepw tcmK- Imc-W-ambn oWn-n-cn-p-I-sImpw tZiw, ka-bw, EXp Fn-h-I-fpsS sshj-ayw-sImpw ae-aq-{XmZn thK-sf [cn-p-I-sImpw PT-cmn Zpjn-p--Xm-Wv. B Zpjn-X-amb An eLp-hmb Blm-c-t-qSn ]Nn-n-p--X-. ]mIw hcm--Xmb B Blmcw ]pfn-p-Ibpw hnj-k-Zr-i-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpw.

Xky-enw-K-a-Poky hnjvSw`x kZ-\w-XYm

intcm-cp-IvssNh aqm-N-{`ax ]rjvT-I-So-{Klx

Pr`mw-K-a-kvXr-jvWmN Pzc-ivOnx {]hm-lWw

Atcm-NIm hn]mIu N tLmc-aw hnj--X

]nt\ kl-kw-krjvSw Zml-XrjvWm apJm-a-bm

P\-b-Xyavf ]n ]n-Pm-m-]-cmK-Zm

bva ]o\-k-ta-lm-Zo I^-Pm I^-kw-KXw

ItcmXn hmX-kw-krjvSw hmX-Pmw-m-]-cm KZm

aq{X-tcm-Kmw aq{Xw Ipn-tcm-Km iIr-ZvKXw

ckm-Zn-`n kwkrjvSw IpcymZv tcmKm ckm-Zn-Pm.

20

Aw Po-am-Im--Xns e-Ww--Aw hb-d-dn kvXw`n-p-\n-evp-I, oWw, Xe-th-Z-\, tamlm-ekyw Xe-Np-d-d, ]pdpw Ac-s-nepw ]nSp-w, tImp-hm-bn-Sp-I, ico-c-n-emsI \pdp-n-t\m-hv, Zmlw, Pzcw, On, IqsS-qsS ae-tim-[-\bvv t]mI-W-sav tXmp-I, Acp-Nn, Zl-\--bw, Fn-h-bm-Ip-p. B tLmc-am-bn-cn-p A-hnjw ]n-tmSv tNm Npp-\o-d, Zmlw, hmbn ]pv, Aavf-]n-w, Fn-hbpw addv ]n-P-\y-amb tcmK-fpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. I^-tmSp IpSn-tm B A-hnjw bw, ]o\-kw, {]talw apX-emb I^-P-\y-amb tcmK-sf Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. B A-hn-j-n\v hmX-ns kwk-ap-m-bm iqem-[vam-\mZn hmX-P-\y-amb \m\m-hn[ tcmKsf Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. B A-hn-jw aq{X-n nXn-sN-bvXm aq{X-tcm-K--sfbpw ae-n hym]n-m Ipn-tcm-K--tfbpw ck-c-mZn [mXp-tZm-j-P-\y-amb tcmK-fpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv.

hnj-tam-[mXp sshjayw ItcmXn hnjaw ]N

XovtWm at-t\m [mXq hntim-j-b-Xn-]m-hIx

bpw `p-h-tXm-bptm [mXp-kmayw kaw ]N

Zp_tem hnZ-l-Xyw XZym-Xyqz-at[m ƒ ]nhm

A[-kvXp-]-Iz-amaw hm {]hrw {Kl-Wo-KZx

DNy-tX, k-ta-hmw {]mtbm-lyky hnZ-lytX

AXn-krjvSw hn_w hm {Zhw XZp-]-th-iytX

XrjvWm-tcm-NI sshcky {]tkI Xa-Im-\znXx

iq\-]m-Z-Icx kmn-]-cq-IvO\w Pzcx

temlm-\p-Kn Xnmavf DZvKm-c-mky PmbtX

21

hnj-amn Blm-cs hnj-a-cq-]-n ]mIw hcp-p--Xp-sImv ckm-Zn-[m-Xp-pw hmXm-Zn-tZm-j-pw sshjayw Dm-p--XmWv Blm-c-am-Ip C\w Ipd-p-t]m-bm XovWmn [mXp-sf timjn-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. kamn anX-ambn Blmcw Ign-p--hs Blm-cs ka-ambn ]mIw hcpn [mXp-km-ays Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. amn Aev]-ambn Blm-c-t-qSn ]mIw-h-cp-pX. AXv ]mIw-h-cmsX On-p-t]m-hp-Itbm AXn-k-cn-p-t]m-hp-Itbm sNpw. C{]-Imcw Blmcw Aev]w-]mIw h-Xm-bmepw ]mIw-h-cm--Xm-bmepw At[m-am-nq-Sn-tm-Ip--Xn\v {Kl-Wo-tcmKw Fp ]d-bp-p. {Kl-Wo-tcm-K-ap--h\v an-hmdpw Kpcp--eLp kv\nKv--cq-mZn Fm Blm-c--fpw-Xs Zln-p--X-. B Zln-m--Xmb Blmcw AXn-bmbn hkn-p--Xm-bmepw sIn-\n-p-t]m-bmepw sh-am-bn-s ]pd-tv t]mIp--Xm-Wv. Ah\v Zmlw, Acp-Nn, hnc-k-X, hmbn\nv shw Hen-, Xa-I-izmkw Fnh Dm-hp-Ibpw Imenepw Ibnpw tim^-ap-m-hp-Ibpw An-bnepw kn-bnepw thZ-\bpw Onbpw Pzchpw Dm-hp-Ibpw tcmKn-bpsS G--n\v teml-ns Khpw Xnm-avf-c-k- Dm-hp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.

]q-cq-]p XtkyZw XrjvWm-ekyw _e-bx

hnZmtlm ƒ -ky-]m-I Nncm Imb-ky-Ku-c-hw.

22

Zmlw, Be-kyw, Ign Blm-c-n\v Dp-gp-v, Blmcw hfsc Xma-knp Zln-p-I, ico-c-n\v L\w Ch {Kl-Wo-tcm-K-ns ]q-cq] e-W-am-Ip-p.

Ay-[n-jvTm-\-a-ky {Kl-WmZv {Kl-Wo-aXm

\mt`-cp-]-cyn _te-t\m-]-jvS-_vt[m] hrwlnXm

A]Izw [mc-b-Xyw ]Ipw-kr-PXn ]mizXx

Zp_-em-n-_-emZv ZpjvSm-Xzm-a-tah hnap--Xn.

23

PT-cm-n-bpsS A[n-jvTm\w {KlWn F \mUn-bm-Ip-p. Blm-cs {Kln-p-\n-evp--Xp-sImv AXn\v {KlWo Fv ]d-bp-p. AXv \m`n-bpsS D]-cn-`m-K-mbn ]Izm-i-b-n-tbpw Bam-i-b-n-tbpw ay-n nXn-sN-p-p. B An-bpsS Duz-Pz-e-\-_-ew-sImv AXns\ Xmn-\np-Ibpw t]mjn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp ]Nn-m--Xmb Blm-cs [cnp \nevp-Ibpw ]mIw h-Xns\ CS-p-h-i-tv AXm-bXv ]Izm-i-b-n-tev Xn-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. An Zp_-e-am-hp-I-bm-sW-n {KlWn Zpjn-p-Ibpw ]mIw-h-cm Blm-c-s-s {Kl-Wo-m-\v \nv ]pd-tv hnSp-Ibpw sNp-p.

hmXm ]nm I^m--kym Xt{Zm-K-kv{Xn`y GhN

tlXp-enwKw NnIn-m irWp-Xky ]rYIv ]rY-Iv.

24

B {KlWotcmKw hmXtIm]w sImpw I^tIm]w sImpw kn]mXtIm]w sImpw DmIpXmIpp. AXns ImcWw, eWw NnIn Fnh {]tXyIw {]tXyIambn ]dpXcmw tIp[cnpsImpI.

Ijmb ISp-Xn-m\n cq-io-Xm]-t`m-Pss\x

{]an-Xm-\-i-\m-Xy[z thK-\n-{K-l-ssa-Ypss\x

amcpXx Ip]n-tXm-hnw kwOmZy IpcptX KZm

Xkymw ]Ny-tX-ZpxJw ip-]mIw Jcmw-KXm

IWvTm-ky-timjx pXr-jvWm-Xn-ancw Itbmx kz\x

]mtizmcp hw-W-{Kohm cpK-`nvWw hnjq-NnIm

lr]o-km-Imiy Zu_eyw sshcky ]cn-InIw

Krnx k-c-km-\m a\kx kZ-\w-XYm

Pot Pocy-Xn-Nm-[vam\w `pt-kzm-y-ap-ss]-XnN

khm-X-Kpa lrt{ZmK olm-io N am\hx

NncmpxJw {Zhw ipjvIw X\zmaw i_vZ-t^-\-h

]p\x ]p\x krtPZv hx izmk-Im-kmntXm ƒ \n-em.

25

Nhv, Fcp-hv, Ibv]v Fo ck--tfm-Sp-Iq-bXpw cq-Xz-ap-Xpw ioX-ho-cy-ap-Xpw am{X-bn Ipd--Xp-amb Blm-c--tf-mfpw eLp-t`m-P-\w-sImpw D]-hm-kw-sImpw AXn-bmb hg-\-S-w-sImpw {]h-am-\-amb ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-th-K-sf XS-bp-I-sImpw AXn-ssa-Yp-\w-sImpw Ip]n-X-amb hmbp Ansb ad--s-p. {Kl-Wo-K-X-amb tcmK-sf Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. Cu hmX-P-{K-l-Wn-bn tcmKn-bpsS Blmcw hfsc IjvS-sp Zln-p--Xm-Ip-p. am-n-bm-b-XpsImv ]mI-n ]pfn-c-k-am-bn-cn-pw. hmX-Kp-W-amb cq-Xzw-sImv kvt\lw timjn-p-I-bm icocw ]cp-]-cp-m-bn-cn-pw. sXmbpw hmbpw hd, hni-v, Zmlw, Iv ImWm-bvI, sNhn-bn aqf, hmcn---bnepw XpS-I-fnepw Ib-e-bnepw Igp-nepw XpS-bmbn thZ-\, hnjq-NnI (i-co-c-n kqNn Xd-n-p--Xp-t]m-ep thZ-\bpw AXn-km-chpw Onbpw Dm-hp-I,) lrZ-b-n thZ-\, icocw saen-bp-I, _e--bw, hmbvv hnc-k-X, hb-d-dn apdn-p--Xp-t]m-ep thZ-\-bp-m-hpI Fm ck-fpw D Blm-c--fn B{K-lw, a\-n\v oWw, Ign Blmcw Zln-p-I-gn-mepw Zln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-tmgpw hb-dp-hov, Blmcw Ign am{X-bn kzX tXmp-Ibpw sNp-I, B a\p-jy hmX-Kp-, hmX-lr-t{Zm-Kw, hmX-o-tlm-Zcw Ch-I-fmtWm Fv in-p-I, hfsc ka-bw-sImv A[nIw {]bm-k-sp {Zh-am-bnpw ipjv-am-bnpw t\cn-bmbpw Zln-m-sXbpw i_vZ-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw \pc-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw IqsS-qsS ae-hn-k-\-ap-m-Ip-I, izmk-tcm-Kw, Imkw Fn-h-sImv ZpxJn-p-Ibpw sNpI Ch hmX-{K-l-Wo-tcmK e-W-am-Ip-p.

ISp-Po-hn-Zm-lyavf mcmssZyx ]n-aq-eWw

Bm-h-b--y-\ew Pew X]vX-an-hm-\ew

tkm APow \oe-]o-Xm`w ]oXm`x kmcy-tX-{Zhw

]qXy-avtfm-ZvKmc lrIWvT Zmlm-cp-Nn-Xr-Un-Xx.

26

Fcp-c-k-ap Blm-cw, APo-ap-m-p Blmcw Dp-gp-p-m-p Blm-cw, ]pfn-c-kw, mcw apX-em-bh IqSp-X-embn D]-tbm-Kn-p--XpsImv hn-p--Xmb ]nw Ip Xobn sh-sam-gn-m-se--t]mse PT-cm-nsb \in-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. ]nw-sImv PT-cmn \in--h AXm-bXv ]n-{K-l-Wn-bp--h Zln-m-sXbpw \oe-\n-d-ambpw a-\n-d-nepw {Zh-ambpw aew hnkn-p-p. icocw a-\n-d-am-bn-cn-pw. \mdnbpw ]pfn-p-ap Gw lrZ-b-nepw IWvT-nepw Npp-\o-d, Acp-Nn, Zmlw, Ch IqSp-X-em-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw.

KpXn kv\nKv ioXmZn t`mP-\m-ZXn t`mP-\m

`q-am-{Xky N kz]v\m--ynw Ip]nXx I^x

Xkymw ]Ny-tXZpxJw lrm-k-y-tcm-NImx

Btkym-]-tZ-l-am-[pcy Imk-jvTo-h\ ]o\kmx

lrZbw a\y-tX-kvXym-\-ap-Zcw kvXnanXw Kpcp

ZpjvtSm a[pc DZvKmcx kZ\w kv{Xojz-ljWw

`nm-a-t-jva-`q-bnjvTw Kpcp-hx {]h\w

AIr-i-kym]n Zu_ey ame-ky I^m--tI.

27

Kpcp-Xz-ap-Xpw AXn-kv\n-Kv-X-bp-Xpw ioX-ho-cy-ap-Xpw BZn-i-_vZw-sImv a[p-c--]n-n-emZn {Zhy-fpw D]-tbm-Kn-p-IsImpw AXn-t`m-P-\w-sImpw Blmcw Ign DSs\ Dd-p-IsImpw Ip]n-X-amb I^w PT-cm-nsb \in-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. Ans\ I^-{K-lWn _m[n--h\v `n--s-Sp Blmcw hfsc {]bm-k-st Zln-p-I-bp-q. s\v Ien-v, On, Acp-Nn, hmbn Ftm ]qin-b-Xp-t]mse tXmp-I, hmb a[p-cw, Imkw, Xpn-sm-t-bn-cn-p-I, ]o\kw Ch-bp-m-Ipw. lrZbw km{-am-b-Xp-t]mse tXmpw, hbdv kvXw`npw Kpcp-hm-bp-an-cn-pw. Gw Zpjn a[p-c-c-k-am-bn-cn-pw. Xfbpw kv{XoIsf {]m]n-p--Xn ktm-j-an-m-bvabpw Dm-Ipw. aew Cf-Inbpw Zln-m-sXbpw IqSp-X I^w Iep Kpcp-Xz-ap--Xmbpw hnkn-pw. tZlw saen-p-t]m-bn-p-s-nepw _e--bhpw Be-ky-hp-ap-m-Ipw. Ch I^-{K-l-Wo-tcmK e-W-am-Ip-p.

bmnx ]q-ap-njvtSm tcmKm-\n-tI-N-Xpn[x

Xm]n {Kl-Wo-tZmjw ka-hw {]N--tX.

28

apv hnam-\-m-\-nse tcmK-\n-Im-ym-b-n bmsXm-cn aw, hnj-aw, XovWw, kaw Fn-s\ \mep-hn-[-n ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-pthm Ah-bn kam-n-sbm-gn-p---hn-j-a--Xo-vWm-n-I {Kl-Wo-tZm-j-am-bn-o-cp-sav Ejn-am ]d-bp-p.

]rYIv hmXmZn \nnjvS tlXp-enwK kam-Kta

{XntZmjw \nn-ti-tZh atXm hym-an-t`-jPw

29

hmX--]n---I-^-P-\y-ambn {Kl-Wo-tZm-j--fpsS {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-ambn ]d \nZm-\-fpw e-W-fpw Hcp-anp IqSn--m AXv kn-]m-X-{K-lWo tcmK-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww. C\n {KlWn tcmK-p Huj-[-sf ]d-bmw.

{Kl-Wo-am-{inXw tZmjw hnZ-Kvm-lmc apnXw

khn-jvSw` {]tk-Imn hnZm-lm-cpNn sKucsshx

Ba-enwKm\nXw mXzm kptJm-jvtW\mw _pt\m--tc

^em\mw hmI-jm-tbW ]n-eo-kj-ss]kvm

en\w ]Izm-i-bw hm]ymaw{kmhyw kZo-]ss\x

ico-c-cm-\p-Z-tX-kmta ctk ewL\ ]mN\w

hnip-m-am-i-bm-bmkvssa ]-tIm-em-Zn`nx irXw

ZZym t]bm-Zn-e-Lzw ]ptcymKmwZo-]-\m.

30

Blm-cw Zln-p-tm-gp-m-Ip aq-sbsmpw ae-_-w, hmbn \nv shw Hgp-, thZ-\, D-pgp-v, Acp-Nn, tZl-Ku-chw Ch-I-tf-smpw Ba-e-W bp-amb {Kl-Wnsb B{i-bn-p tZmjs a\-n-em-n-bnv NqSp-shw sImSpp On-n-nv tZmjs ]pd-tv If-b-Ww. AXp-t]mse Xs Xn-enbpw ISpIpw ae-m-c--bpsS Ijm-b-n Ac-p-tNp sImSpp On-n-p-Itbm sNmw. AYhm Ba-tZmjw ]Izm-i-b-n nc-ambn nXn sNp-I-bm-sW-n ]-tIm-emZn Zo]-\u-j-[- tN hntc-N\ {Zhy--tf-smv hntc-Nn-np tZmjs ]pd-tv If-b-Ww. Ba-tZmj bp-amb ckw ico-c-n hym]n-n-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n D]-h-kn-p-Ibpw ]mN-s\uj[- tkhn-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. On--Xp-sImv Bam-ibw ipn-bm-hp-I-bm-sW-n Ah\v ]-tIm-emZn (Xn--en, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, Npv, apX-em-b) Zo]-\ob {Zhy- tNp ]mIw sNbvX-Xmb t]b-hn-te-]ym-Zn-e-Lzw sImSp--Ww. Blmcw Ign--Xn\p tijhpw ]-tImew t]mse-bp An-Zo-]-\o-b--fmb Huj-[-sf sImSp-t--Xm-Wv.

mXzm Xp ]cn-]-Izmaw amcptX {Kl-Wo-KXw

Zo]-\o-b-bpXw kn x ]mb-tb-Xm]-tim-`n-jIv

Inn kp-ntX Nmu k-hnaq{X amcpXw

Zzlw {Xylw hmkw-kv\nly kznm-`yw \ncq-l-tb

XX Gc-WvU-ssX-te\ knjm ssXez-tI\ hm

km-tc-Wm-\nte im {kkvX-tZmjw hntc-N-tb

ipw cqm-ibw mXzm k-i-m-\p-hm-k-tb

Zo]-\obmavf hmXLv\ kn-ssX-te\ am{Xbm

\ncq-V hncn- kayIv Nm]y-\p-hm-knXw

eLzw {]Xn-kw-`pw kn-c-`ym-k-tb ]p\x

31

hmX-{K-l-Wn-bn t]bm-Zn-I-tf-smv Ba-tZmjw ]cn-]-Iz-am-sbv a\-n-em-bm sshZy kq{X-m-\-n ]d Zo]-\ob KsWuj[- tNp ]mI-s-Sp-nb s\v Aev]m-ev]-ambn tkhn-n--Ww. Cu kvt\l-{]-tbm-Kw sImv PT-cmn Ipd-p-IqSn hn-p-Ibpw ae--aq-{I--hm-bp--fpsS {]h\w th-Xp-t]mse BIm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-I-bm-sW-n ctm aqtm Znhkw Ipd-p-IqSn s\v hn-n-p-sIm-Spp kv\nKvX hcp-n-b-Xn\p tijw hnbn-p-Ibpw tZl-n ssXew tXp-Ibpw Ijm-b-hkvXn sNp-Ibpw thWw. AXn-\p-tijw hmX-tZmjw ian-p-Ibpw hb-d-dn\nv tZmj- XnIpw ]pd-tp t]mImsX m\p \nn-fIn \nevp-Ibpw sNp-I-bm-sW-n mc-{Zhyw tN Bh-W-s--sImtm Xnez-I-LrXw sImtm hntc-Nn-n--Ww. C{]-Imcw ipn-h--hs\ Ahs hbdv cq-am-sbv a\-n-em-n-bnv Fm-hn[ {Kl-Wn-bnepw kvt\l-hkvXn sN-Ww. (B-ibw cq-am-bn-s-n Hnepw kvt\l-hkvXn sN-cp-sX-w.) kvt\l-h-kvXn-sN-p-hm ]n-eymZn Zo]-\ob KsWuj[-fpw ]pfn-c-khpw _rl]--aq-emZn hmX-l-scu-j[fpw tNp Imn-sb-Sp ssXew bpn-t]mse am{X \n-bnp D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. C{]-Imcw Ijm-b-h-kvXnbpw hntc-N-\hpw kvt\l-h-kvXnbpw th-Xp-t]mse sNbvX {KWn-tZmj tcmKnv t]bmZn eLzw sImSp--Ww. AXn-\p-tijw Ahs\ hopw kvt\l-]m\w ioen-n-p-Ibpw thWw.

Zzo]--aq-eyu-k-cfw tZh-Zmcp k\m-Kcw

]neow ]n-eo-aqew Nn{XIw ^kvXn-]o-eow

iW-_oPw bhm tImem Ipe-m kpj-ho-kvXYm

]mN-tb-Zm-c-\m-tf\ Z[v\m-ku-ho-c-tIW hm

NXp`m-Kmh titj-W-]-tNtX\ LrXm-VIw

kzn-Im-bmh iqIm-sJyu mcu ZXzmXp bpnXwx

ssk-thmZv `nZ-km-ap{Z hnUm\mw tcma-I-kyN

kku-he ]mIym\mw `mKm Zzn]-en-Im ]rYIv

hn\ob Nqn-Xmw-kvX-kvam ]mb-tb {]kr-Xw-_p[x

Itcm-Xy-n-_ew hw hmXLv\w `-]m-N-\w.

Zi-aq-em-Zy-Lr-Xw.

32

Zi-aq-ew, Nc-fw, tZh-Xm-cw, Npv, Xn-en, Imp-Xn--en-thcv sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, An-n--en, NWw-]-b-dv, e-p-cp, apXn-c, Icn-o-cIw Cu 22--Xcw acp-p-I ka-ambn 256--]ew FSpp 128--C-S-gn ImSn-sh--ntem ssXcns sh-ntem kuho-cIw F ImSn-bntem Ijmbw shp Ipdpn 32--C-S--gn-bmn FSp--cnp AXn 8-C-S-gn s\v tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. CXn Xphn-e-m-cw, Nhm-cw, Cp-v, DZv`nZ eh-Ww, kmap-{Z-e-h-Ww, hnUve-h-Ww, tcma-I-e-h-Ww, kuh-e-e-h-Ww, ]mIy-e-h-Ww, Ch Cu cp ]ew FSpp s]mSnp tNp tbmPn-np AXn \nv cp-]ew FSpp sshZy tkhn-n--Ww. Cu s\v An-_-e-tbpw h-{]-km-Z-tbpw Dm-pw. hmX-i-a-\-amWv Blm-cs Zln-n-p-Ibpw sNpw.

{XyqjW {Xn^-em-It hnez-amt{X KpUm]te

kntjm ƒ jvS ]ew ]zm-am{Xmw am-\ex ]nt_

{Xyqj-WmZyw LrXw.

33

Npv, apf-Iv, Xn-en, ISp-, Xm\n-, s\n-, Ch-sb-mw-IqSn 1-]-ehpw 1-]ew shhpw Ievw tNp 8-]ew s\pw, 32--]ew ip-P-e-n tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v bpn t]mse am{X-\n--bnp An-am-y-ap--h tkhn--Ww.

]-aq-em-`-bm-PmPn ]neo aqe-ssk-sshx

hnUw-K-{Xyq-j-W-iSo cmkv\m-mc ZzssbLrXw

ipt\ amXp-epw-Kky kzc-tk-\m{Z-Iky N.

ipjp--aq-eI tImemw-_p-N-{InIm ZmUn-aky N

X{I-akvXp kpcm-aWvU kuho-cI Xptjm-ZIx

Imn-tI-\-N-X ]Iz-an Zo]vXn-I-cw-]cw

iqe-Kptam-Z-c-izmk Imkm-\ne I^m-]lw

k_oP ]qc-I-ckw knw hm ]mb-tb-ZvLrXw

ssXe-a-`y-RvP-\m kn-taXx {]Zm-]-tb

GtX-jm-au-j-[m\mw hm ]nt_-qw kpJmw-_p\m

hmX-t-jvam-hrtX kmta-It^ hm hmbp-t\m-tX

ZZym-qw ]mN-\m-an ko-]-\w-]-cw.

]-aq-em-Zy-L-LrXw ssXew Nq-.

34

al]--aq-ew, ISp-, Poc-Iw, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, Cp-v, hngm-e-cn, Npv, apf-Iv, Xm-en, Iq-cw, Ac-, Nhm-cw, Xphn-e-mcw Ch Iev-ambn tNp iphpw amX-fn-\m-c-, Cn DW-nb ap-n, e-p-cp, ]pfn-bm-c, Ddp-am--gw, Ch-I-fpsS kzc-khpw tamcv ssXcns shw, kpcm-a-WvUw, kuho-cIw F ImSn, Acn-m-Sn, shp-ImSn Chbpw tNp s\v Imn-sb-Sp--Ww. B Imn-sb-Sp s\v Gd-dhpw An Zo]vXnsb Dm-pw. hbdv thZ-\, Kp, atlm-Z-cw, izmk-tcm-Kw, Imkw, hmX-I-^- Chsb ian-n-pw. AYhm amX-fn-\m-c--bpsS kzc-k-n ta]-d Huj-[- Ievw tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\v tkhn-n-p-Xpw \-Xm-Wv. Cu ]d Huj-[- tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p ssXew A`yw-K-n-p-]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv \-Xm-Wv. Cu ]d LrX-tbm-K-ns Huj-[--sf-mw-IqSn s]mSn--s]mSn NqSp-sh--n Ien IpSn-p-Itbm sNmw. hmXw I^-m Bhr-X-am-bnv Ba-tmSp IqSn-bn-cn-p-Itbm I^w hmbp-hn-\m CfIn Ip]n-X-am-bn-cn-p-Itbm sNp-tm ]mN-\mw Nqw-sIm-Sp--Ww. Nqw Gd-dhpw An-Zo-]vXnsb Dm-p--Xm-Wv.

a-Xyma Kpcp-Xzm-ZznSv ]Izm-Xq h-tX-Pte

hn\m-Xo-{Zh kwLmX ssiXy-tjva {]Zq-j-Wm

]co-ssyhw ]pcm-kmaw \ncm-a-m-a-tZm-jnWw

hn[n-t\m-]-N-tc kayIv ]mN-t\-t\-X-tc-W-hm.

35

Zln-m-sX-t]mb aew Kpcp-Xzw-sImpw sh-n apn-tm-Ip--Xm-Wv. icnv Zln-nv t]mb-Xmb aew sh-n s]mn-\n-evp--Xm-Wv. IqSp-X sh-am-bn-p-Xpw IqSp-X In-bm-bn-p-Xpw ssiXy-ap-Xpw I^-tZm-j-ap--Xp-amb aew ]cn-tim-[n-m a\-n-em-Ip--X-. ImcWw Cn-s\-bp aew ]mIw h-Xm-bmepw sh-n apn-tm-Ip--Xm-Wv. C{]-Imcw BZyw-Xs Bam-h--tbbpw ]mIzm-h--tbbpw ]co-n--dn-nv Ba-tZm-j-ap--hs\ th-Xp-t]mse ]mIw hcp-p ]mN-\u-j-[--tf-sm-p-]-N-cn-p-Ibpw Ba-tZm-j-an-m--hs\ addv kwi-a-\u-j-[--tf-sm-p-]-N-cn-p-Ibpw thWw.

Nn{XIw ]n-eo-aqew Zumcu eh-Wm-\nN

thymjw lnKp-P-tam-Zm Nhy-ss-I{X Nq-tb

KpUnIm amXp-epw-Kky ZmUo-aky ctk\ hm

IrXm-hn-]m-N-b-Xymaw Zo]-b-Xyip Nm\-ew.

Nn{X-Im-Zym-Kp-Un-Im.

36

sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, Nhm-cw, Xphn-e-m-cw, ]-e-h-Ww, Npv, apf-Iv, Xn-en, Imbw, Ab-tam-Z-Iw, Imp-ap-f-Inthcv Ch kaw FSp-p-s]m-Snp amX-fn-\m-c--c-k-ntem Ddp-am-g ck-ntem Acp Kpfn-I-bm--Ww. Cu KpfnI Ba-tZm-js ]Nn-n-p-Xpw W-n An-Zo-]vXn-bp-m-p--Xp-am-Ip-p.

\mK-cmXn hojm-ap-kvX-IzmYx kymZm-a-]m-N\x

apkvXm--Ix ]Yymhm \mK-c-tmjvW hmcnWm

tZh-Zm-cp-hNm apkvXm \mK-cmXn hnjm-`bmx

hmcp-Wm-bm-am-kp-Xm-kvtXmtb tImjvtW hm ƒ e-hWmx ]nt_

h-kymta kiq-teN ]nt_ hm ZmUn-amw-_p\m

hntU\ ehWw ]njvSw hnezw Nn{X-I-\m-Kcw

kmta hm k It^ hmX-tImjvT iqe-Itc ]nt_

IenwK lnwKzXn hnjm hNm kuh-em-`bmx

Oytim {Kn-iq-tejp t]b-ap-jvtW\ hmcnWm

]ym kuh-em-PmPo NqW-AWw acn-N-kw-bp-Xw.

]nen aqe-a-`bmw hNmw ISp-I-tcm-lnWow

]mTmw hI _nPm\n Nn{XIw hniz-t`-jPw

]nt_nx IzmYy Nqm\n IrXzm-tNm-jvtW\ hmcnWm

]n-t-jvam-`n-`q-Xmbmw {Kl-Wymw-iq-e-\p-nXw

kmta-kmXn hnjw thymjw eh-W-mc lnwKp-a

\nxIz-Yy-]m-b-tb-qw IrXzm hm tImjvW hmcn-Wm.

37

Npv, AXn-hn-S-bw, ap Ch-bpsS Ijmbw Bas ]Nn-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. AYhm Ch Acp NqSp-sh--n Ien tkhn-mepw ISp--s]m-Snp NqSp-sh--n tkhn-mepw Npv s]mSnp NqSp-sh--n tkhn-mepw Ba-]m-N-\-am-Ip-p. tZh-Xm-cw, hb-v, ap-, Npv, AXn-hn-S-bw, ISp Ch s]mSnp hmcp-Wo-a-Zy-n tNp-shp sXfn-m Acn-s-Sp-p B aZyw tkhn-p-Itbm AYhm Cu tZh-Zm-czmZn Huj-[- s]mSnp NqSp-sh--n Ien Aev]w Cppw tNp tkhn-p-Itbm sNbvXmepw Ba-tZm-js Xopw. AYhm aew Ba-ambpw hb-d-dn thZ-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw t]mIp-p-s-n hnUve-h-Ww, Iqh-f-n thcv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, Npv, Ch Acp Ddp-\-am--g-tm-Sns Ijm-b-n Ien IpSn--Ww. Ba-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw I^-hmX hnIm-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw tImjvT-n thZ-\-bp-m-p--Xn IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, Imbw, AXn-hn-S-bw, hb-v, kuh-e-e-h-Ww, ISp Ch s]mSnp NqSp-sh--n Ien IpSn--Ww. Onbpw Aipw {Knbpw hb-d-dn thZ-\bpw D-Xn ISp-, kuh-e-e-h-Ww, PocIw Ch s]mSnpw Aev]w Ipcp-ap-fIv s]mSnbpw tNp NqSp-sh--n Ien IpSn--Ww. Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, ISp-, hb-v, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, ]mS-n-g-v, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, Npv Ch kaw Ijm-bw-shp IpSn-p-Itbm Ch s]mSnp s]mSn-bmn NqSp-sh--n Ien IpSn-p-Itbm sNbvXm ]n-I-^-P-\y-amb {Kl-Wo-tcm-K-n-ep-m-Ip hb-d-dnth-Z\ ian-p-hm \-Xm-Ip-p. Ba-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]n-I-^-P-\y-amb {Kl-Wn-bn AXn-hn-S-bhpw Npv, Ipf-Iv, Xn-enbpw Ijmbw thp AXn Cppw Nhm-chpw Imbhpw taevs]mSn tNp IpSn--Ww. AYhm Ch-sbmw IqSn s]mSnp s]mSn-bmn NqSp-sh--n Ien IpSn-mepw ]n-I-^-P-\y-amb Ba-tZmjw ian-pw.

]n-eow-\m-Kcw ]mTmw imcn_mw _rl-Xo-Zzbw

Nn{XIw IuS-Pw-_oPw eh-Wm-\yY ]N

Xqw kb-h-mcw Z[yp-jvWmw_p kpcm-Zn`nx

]nt_-Zn hohr-yw tImjvT-hm-Xm-]lw \cx

]n-eymZyw Nqw.

38

Xn-en, Np, ]mS-n-g-v, sNdp-h-Zn-\n-th-cv, hh-Zn-\n-th-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, Ap-v, (Cp-v, kuhe Dv, hnf-bp-v, Ip-v, Imcp-v), Nhmcw Ch-sb-mw-IqSn s]mSnp s]mSn-bm-n-sb-Spp ssXcv, NqSp-sh-w, kpcm-aZyw apX-em-b-h-I-fn Ien An hn-p-hm-\mbn IpSn--Ww. a\p-jy-cpsS hb-d-dn-ep-m-Ip hmbp-tZm-js ian-n-p-hm CXv Gd-dhpw \-Xm-Ip-p.

acn-Nu-Ip-n-Imw-_-jvTm-hr-mavf IU-hm ]rYIv

Zim-avf-th-Xk ]em-\n-amw-m]n ]emw-io-Im

kuhew hnUw-]mIyw bh-mcw kssk-hw

iSo-]p-jvc aqem-\nlnw Kp lnwKp incm-SnIm

X k-ta-IXx kqvaw Nqw-IrXzm {]tbm-P-tb

lnXw hmXm`n-`q-Xmbmw {Kl-Wym-a-cp-Nu-X-Ym.

39

Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Icn-o-c-Iw, ]mS-n-g-v, tImp-fn, Ch {]tXyIw {]tXyIw \mev ]ew-ho-Xw, ]pfn hn-mb 10--]-ew, kuh-e-e-h-Ww, ]mIy-e-h-Ww, Nhm-cw, Cp-v, Iq-cw, ]pjv-c-aq-ew, Imbw, apf-bne Ch Hmtcm-]ew Ch-sb-mw-IqSn \-hw s]mSnp s]mSn-bmn bpn-t]mse am{X \n-bnp ssXcv, NqSp-sh-w, kpcm-a-Zyw, apX-em-b-h-I-fn Ien IpSn--Ww. CXv hmX-P-\y-amb {Kl-Wnpw Acp-Nnpw \-Xm-Ip-p.

NXpmw {]-a-avfm\mw {Xyqj-Wky ]e-{Xbw

eh-Wm-\m NXzmcn i-cmbmx ]em-jvSIw

Xqw imI-kq-]m cmKm-Zn-jzh Nmc-tb

Imkm-Pom-cp-hn-izmk lr]m-WvPzm-ab iqe-\p.

40

hmf]p-fn, ]pfn-h-n-m-b, e-p-cp, Ddp-am-gw Cu \men\w ]pfn-I BsI 16--]-ehpw {XnISp 3-]-ehpw ]-e-h-W- 4-]-e-hpw, ]-kmc 8-]-ehpw s]mSnp s]mSn-bm-n-sb-Sp--Ww. B s]mSn Ce-dn, ]cn-vI-dn, tNmdv, NnWn apX-em-b-h-bn tNv D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. CXv Imkw, APow, Acp-Nn, izmk-tcm-Kw, lrt{Zm-Kw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, hb-d-dnth-Z\ Chsb ian-n-pw.

Nhy-XzIv ]n-eo-aqe [mX-Io-thymj Nn{X-Im

I]n-mw-_-jvTIo lkvXn-]n-eo hnez-imaew

intem-hw XYm-PmPow ]njvSzm-_-Zc knXmw

LrtX\ `nXmw Z[v\m bhmKpw km[-tbZv `njIv

csskx I]n Np{InIm hrm-avssf ZmUn-aky ]

km-Xo-kmc {KlWo tcmKmix ol-\m-in\ow

41

Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, Ce-hw-Kw, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, XmXn-cn-q-hv, Npv, apf-Iv, Xn-en, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, hnfm--gw, ]mS-n-g-v, An-n--en, Iqh-f-nth-cv, ]qf--d, henb Xn-en, PocIw Ch e-pcp {]am-W-n FSp--cp ssXcn tNp AXn \pdn-bcn tNp In-bp-mn s\v hdhv tNp-]-tbm-Kn--Ww. ssXcn-\p-]-Icw hnfm--g-ns cktam ]pfn-bm-c-ens cktam ac-pfn cktam Ddp-am--g-ns cktam FSp-m-hp--Xm-Wv. CXv Fm-hn[ AXn-km-c-tbpw {Kl-Wo-tcm-K-tbpw Ai-n-t\bpw olm-tcm-K-tbpw ian-n-p--Xm-Wv.

]-tIm-e-I-bq-j aqe-Im-\m tkmjWx

kv\nKvtm ZmUn-a-X-{Imavtfm PmwKex kwkvr-tXm-ckx

{Ihym-Z-ky-ckx ikvtXm t`mP-\mt-k-Zo-]\x

X{Xm-c-\mfw ]m\mw aZyw hmcn-jvS-tah hm.

42

]-tIme Ijm-b-n sNdp-]-bdv apX-emb [m\y- shq-d-dn-sb-Sp bqj-ntem AYhm apn Ijm-b-n Dm-nb [m\y-bq-j-ntem Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, s]mSn-tNXpw AYhm PmwKe amwk-c-k-n s\pw Ddp-am--g-n-ttbm tamcn-ttbm ]pfn-c-khpw Ipcp-ap-fIv s]mSnbpw tNp ]mIw sNbvXXpw AYhm amwkw Xnp Pohn-I-fpsS amwk-ckw Zo]-\-{Z-hy- tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-Xpw {Kl-Wo-tZmj tcmKnv Blm-c-n\v Idn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv \-Xm-Wv. {Kl-Wo-tZmj tcmKnv IpSn-p-hm-\mbn tamtcm ImSntbm aZytam Acn-jvStam D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv \-Xm-Ip-p.

{Kl-Wo-tZm-jnWmw X{Iw Zo]\w {Kmln-em-L-hm

]yw a[p-c-]m-In-Xzm N ]n-{]-tIm-]Ww

Ijm-tbmjvW hnIm-in-XzmZv cuym-m]n It^-lnXw

hmtX kzmZzavf km{-Xzm kZy-kvXa hnZm-ln-X

Xkvam X{I-{]-tbm-Kmtb PT-cmWmw XYmikmw

hnlnXm {Kl-Wo-tZmj k-i-kvXm {]tbm-P-tb.

43

tamcv Zo]-\s Dm-p-Xpw {Kmlnbpw eLp-hp-am-b-Xp-sImv {Kl-Wo-tZm-j-ap--hv ]y-am-Wv. ]mI-n a[p-c-ambnocp--Xp-sImv ]ns hnj-an-n-p--Xp-a-. Nhv ck-ap-Xpw DjvW-ho-cyhpw hnIm-in-bp-am-bn-cn--sImpw cqXzw sImpw I^-nepw a[p-c-c-khpw Aavf-c-k-hp-ap--Xp-sImpw km{-am-b-Xp-sImpw hmX-nepw lnX-am-Ip-p. tamcv Ie-nb DSs\ D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xm-bm hnZm-ls Dm-p--X-. AXpsImv bmsXmcp X{I-{]-tbm-K- DZ-c-tcm-K-pw Atim-tcm-K-pw ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-pthm Ah-sbmw Xs {Kl-Wo-tcm-K-nepw {]tbm-Kn--Ww.

bam-\ym-a-eIw ]ym acn]w {Xn]-emw-inIw

eh-Wm\n ]emw-im\n ]-ssN-I{X Nq-tb

X{IIw kmkp-Xw-PmXw X{Im-cnjvSw ]nt_-cx

Zo]\w tim^-Kpamix {Inan-ta-tlm-Z-cm-]-lw.

X{Im-cn-jvSw.

44

Ab-tam-Z-Iw, s\n-, ISp-, Ipcp-ap-fIv Ch aqv aqv ]ew, ]-e-h-W- Hmtcm ]ew Ch-sb-mw-IqSn s]mSn--Ww. B s]mSn 8-C-S-gn tamcn tNp aqp-Zn-hkw Ign-m As-n Aam-f-I-Sp-ckw hy-am-bm-se-Sp--cnp {Kl-Wo-tZm-j-ap--h tkhn--Ww. Cu X{Im-cnjvSw An-Zo-]-\s Dm-p-Xpw tim^w, Kp, Ai-v, {Inan, talw, atlm-Zcw Chsb ian-n-p--Xp-am-Wv.-

kz-m-\-KX apn-jvS-an \nm-]Iw `njIv

]nw mXzm hntc-tIW \nl-tcZv ha-t\\ hm

Ahn-Zm-lo-`n-c-ss eLp-`n-kvXn kwbpssXx

PmwK-em\mw cssk-cyq-ssjap-ZvKm-Zo\mw JssU-c]n

ZmUn-am-amssf kkn-jvssX Zo]-\-{Kmln kwbpssXx

Xkymnw Zo]-tb-qssx kn`n-m-]o-Xn-ssIx

45

kzm-\v nXn-sN-bvXp-sImv Dn-jvS-am-bnv Ansb \in-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xmb ]ns sshZy a\-n-em-n-bnv AXns\ hntc-N-\w-sImtm ha-\w-sImtm ]pd-tv If-b-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw hnZm-ls Dm-m-Xpw eLp-hm-bn-p-Xpw Xn-c-k--tfmSp IqSn-b-Xp-amb Blm-c--tf-smpw Ddp-am--g-ns ]pfn-c-khpw s\pw Poc-Iw, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, apX-emb Zo]-\o-bhpw {Kmln-bp-amb {Zhy-fpw tNp ]mI-s-Sp-nb PmwKe amwk-c-k--tf-smpw sNdp-]-bdv apX-emb [m\y-bq-j--tf-smpw JUw (ap-n-Sn) sImpw ha-\-hn-tc-N\w sNbvX-hs PT-cm-nsb Zo]vX-am--Ww. CXp-t]mse-Xs Xnu-j-[--tf-sm-p-m-nb Nq--tf-smpw LrX--tf-smpw PT-cm-nsb Zo]vX-am-n-ot--Xm-Wv.

N\w ]-tIm-iocw ]mTmw-aqmw IpS-Sw

jUv{Km iocn-_m-kvt^mXm k]vX-]m-S-cq-j-Im

]tSm-tem-Zpw-_-cm-iz hS---I-]o-X-\m

ISp-Im-tcm-ln-Wo-apkvXw \ow_ Zzn]-emw-inIw

t{ZmtW ƒ ]mw km[-tb]mZ tijw-{]w

LrXm]-tN

IncmX Xnt-{-bh hocm-am-K-[n-tIm]ssex

Iss-c--kssax t]bw X ]n-{K-l-Wo-KtZ

Xnw bZvLr-X-tmw IujvTntI X-Zm-]-tb.

N-\m`yw LrXw

46

N-\w, ]Xp-ap-Iw, cma-w, ]mS-n-g-v, s]cp-p-dp--th-cv, ]m-\-th-cv, hb-v, \m-dn-n-g-v, Ggn-e-m-e-tm-ev, BS-tem-S-Iw-th-cv, Imp-]-tSm-ew, An-tm-ev, Ac-bm-entXm-ev, BentXm-ev, Cn-tm-ev, Bddvhn-tm-ev, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, ap-, thntXmev Ch cp-]ew hoX-sa-Spp 32--C-S-gn sh-n Ijmbw shp Ipdpn \men-sem-m-n-sb-Spp AXn 2-C-S-gn s\pw Incn-bm-v, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, tImh-n-g-v, Xn-en, \oe-m-ac Ch aqv Ig-n-hoXw Iev-ambpw tNp s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. B s\v ]n-{K-l-Wo-tcm-K-n tkhn--Ww. IpjvT-Nn-In--bn GsXmcp Xn-I-LrXw ]d-bp-ptm AXpw tkhn-m-hp--Xm-Wv.

\mK-cmXn hnjm-apkvXw [mXIow kc-km-RvP\w

hk-I-Xz-Iv]ew hnemw ]mTmw-Xn-I tcmlnWow

]nt_ kamwiw Xqw ku{Zw XWvUp-emw-_p\m

ss]ntI {Kl-Wo-tZmtj cw btm-]-th-iyta

Aimw-kyY KptZ-iqew Ptb-ssh {]hm-lnImw

\mK-cm-Zy-anZw Nqw IrjvWm-t{X-tbW ]qPn-Xw.

\mK-cmZyw Nqw.

47

Npv, AXn-hn-S-bw, ap-, XmXn-cn-q-hv, ckm-RvP-\w, IpS-I-m-e-thtm-ev, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, Iqhfw thcv ]mS-n-g-v, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, Ch kaw FSpp s]mSn s]mSn tX\nepw Acn-m-Sn-bnepw tNp IpSn--Ww. CXv ]n-{]-[m-\-amb {Kl-Wo-tZm-j-tbpw cw t]mIp--Xmb Ai-n-t\bpw KpZ-iq-e-tbbpw {]hm-ln-I-tbbpw Pbn-pw. CXv IrjvWm#v-t{X-b-\m ]qPn--s (-D-]-tZ-in--s-) \mK-cmZn Nq-am-Ip-p.

`q\nw-_-I-Sp-Im-thymj apkvX-tI-{-b-hm kam

ZzuNn-{X-ImZv hk-I-XzKv `mKm tjmUi Nq-tb

KpU-io-Xmw-_p-\m-]oXw {Kl-Wo-tZmj Kp-\p

Ima-em-Pz-c-]m-WvUpXz talm-cp-Ny-Xn-km-c-\p.

`q\ow-_mZyw Nqw

48

Incn-bm-v, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, Npv, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Xn-en, ap-, IpS-I-m-e-bcn Ch Hmtcm `mK-ambpw sImSp-th-cn-n-gv cv `mK-ambpw IpS-I-m-e-thtmev ]Xn-\mdv `mK-ambpw FSpp s]mSn-bm--Ww. CXv shw Ie-nb XWp--sh--n IpSn-m {Kl-Wo-tZm-jhpw Kp\pw ian-pw. Ima-e, Pzcw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, {]ta-lw, Acp-Nn, AXn-kmcw Chbpw ian-pw.

hNm-a-Xn-hnjmw ]mTm-k-]vX-]w ckm-RvP\w

tiym\m-tIm-ZoNy ISzwK hk-I-XzKv Zpcm-e`mx

Zmo ]-SIw ]mTmw bam\ow a[p-in-{KpIw

]tSm-e-]{Xw knmm bYn-Imw-PmXn ]-hm

Pw_zm-{a-hn-em-a-ym\n \nw_-imI ^em-\nN

Xt{Zm-K-i-a-\-\zn---`p-\nw-_m-tZy-\-tbm-P-b.

49

hb-v, AXn-hn-S-bw, ]mS-n-g-v, Ggn-e-m-e-tm-ev, ckm-RvP-\w, ]-\-th-cv, Ccp-th-cn, ]m-\-th-cv, IpS-I-m-e-thtm-ev, sImSn-q-h-th-cv, ac-a-, ]-S-Iw, ]mS-n-g-v, PocIw (t{Im-im-Wn), ]p\n-cn--th-cv, Imp-]-tSm-e-n Ce, ISp-Iv, ap-bn-e, ]n-I-n-e, Rmh-g-n-tbpw am-bp-tSbpw Iqh-f-m-b-bp-tSbpw ay-n-ep ckw, thn-e, thnImb Ch kaw s]mSn--s]mSn ta]-d `q\nw-_mZn Nqw tkhn-p-hm ]d--Xp-t]mse shw sImp-m-nb k-n Ien IpSn-m, `q\nw-_mZn Nqw-sImv Inp KpWw-Xs Inp--Xm-Wv.

Incm-X-Xnw jUv{Km {Xmb-amWm ISp-{XnIw

N\w ]-tIm-iocw Zmo-XzIv ISp-tcm-loWo

IS-P-Xz-Iv^ew apkvXw-b-am\n tZh-Zm-cpN

]tSm-e-\nw_ ]ss{Xem kucm-jvSyXn hnjm-XzNx

a[p-in-t{Km _nPm\nm]-SIw XYm

Xqw a[p-\m-te-lyw-t]bw assZyP-te-\hm

lr]mWvUp {Kl-Wo-tcmK Kpa-iq-em-cpNn Pzcm

Ima-em-Xn-km-c apJ-tcm-K \mi-tb.

50

Incn-bm-v, hb-v, {_n, Npv, apf-Iv, Xn-en, N-\w, ]Xp-ap-Iw, amc-w, ac-a-R-tm-ev, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, IpS-I-m-e-thtmev, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, ap-, Ipd-m-Wn, Ab-tam-Z-Iw, tZh-Xm-cw, ]tSm-e-]-{Xw, thn-e, Ge--cn, Xph-cn-a-v, AXn-hn-S-bw, Ce-hw-Kw, shan-cp--m-b, s]cp-p-dp--th-cv, ]-SIw Ch kaw FSp-p-s]m-Snp s]mSn-bmn tX\n tNp tel\w sNt--Xm-Wv. aZy-n Ie-ntbm sh-n Ie-ntbm IpSn-m-hp--Xp-am-Wv. CXv lrt{Zm-Kw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, {Kl-Wo-tcm-Kw, Kp, hb-tdz-Z-\, Acp-Nn, Pzcw Ch-tbbpw Ima-e-tbbpw AXn-km-c-tbpw apJ-tcm-K-tbpw \in-n-pw.

{KlWymw tjva-Zp-jvSmbmw han-Xky bYm-hn[n

ISz-avf-e-hW mssc-kvXn-ss-mnw hnh-tb

]emiw Nn{X-Iw-Nhyw amXpw-epwKw lco-XIo

]neo ]n-eoew ]mT-[m-\y-I-\m-Kcw

Imjn-Xm-Wyp-ZI {]t ]zm ]mZm-h-ti-jntX

]m\mw X {]bp-RvPoX bphm-Kpw-X km[-tb

51

I^-Zq-jn-X-amb {Kl-Wo-tcm-K-n hn[n-{]-Imcw On-n-nv ISz--h-e-W-mc {Zhy--tf-smpw Xn-{Z-hy--tf-smpw PT-cm-nsb hn-n-Ww Na-X-tm-ev, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, amX-fn-\m-c-, ISp-, Xn-en, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, ]mS-n-g-v, sIm-m-e-cn, Npv Ch aqv Ig-n-hoXw FSpp cn-S-gn sh-n Ijmbw shp Ipdpn \men-sem-m-bm-se-Sp--cnp AXv Zml-ap-s-n IpSn-p-hm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw hni-p-s-n B sh-n In shpsImSp-p-Ibpw thWw CXp-sImv PT-cmn hn-p--Xm-Wv.

ipjvI-aq-e-I-bq-tjW Iue-t-\m-Yhm ]p\x

ISzavf mc-]-Sp\m eLq-\y-m\n Z`m-P-tb

Aavf-m\p ]nt_ X{Iw X{Im-cn-jvS-a-Ym-]nhm

aZncmw a[z-cnjvSw hm \nKZw kn[p-tah hm

52

PT-cmn hn--Xn-\p-tijw Ipcp-ap-f-Ins Fcphpw Ddp-am-gw apX-em-b-Xns ]pfnbpw Nhm-chpw Cppw tNp-]mIw sNbvX DW-nb ap-n-bpsS cktam AYhm apXn-c-bpsS cktam Iqn imen-j-jvSn-Im-Zn-I-tf-sm-p-m-nb eLp `Ww Ign--Ww. `-W-n-\p-tijw ]pfn tamtcm X{Im-cn-jvSta aZn-c-a-Zytam a[z-cn-jvStam \nKZw F ko[p-a-Zytam IpSn--Ww.

t{ZmWw a[qI ]pjv]mWmw hnUw-K--XtXm ƒ Xx

Nn{X-I-ky-XtXm ƒ --XYm `m-X-Im-VIw

aRvPn-jvSm-{Xn-]-e-sshw {Xnt{ZmtW ƒ ]mw hn]m-N-tb

t{ZmWm-ti-j XoXw a[zm-VI kwbpXw

Ge arWmf Kpcp-`n---t\-\ N cqjntX

Iwt`-am-k-nXw PmX-am-khw Xw {]tbm-P-tb

{KlWow Zo]-b-tXyj _rwltWm ƒ \o-e-tcm-K-Pn

timY-IpjvT Inem-km\mw {]ta-lm-Wm \mi-\x.

a[p-Im-khx.

53

Ccn--qhv 256--]-ew, hngm-ecn 128--]ew, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv 64--]-ew, AtX-{]-Imcw tNpcp 64--]-ew, a-n-tmev 3-]ew Ch-sb-mw-IqSn 96--C-S-gn sh-n Ijm-bw-sh--Ww. 32--C-S--gn-bm-bm hmn-sh--cnp XWp--Xn-\p-tijw 4-C-S-gn tXtNp Ge--cn, cma-w, AIn, N\w Ch Acp AIv ]qinb ]m{X-n Hgnp hmbvsm-Xn-sIn Hcp amkw shn-cp Bk-h-am-bm-se-Spp A a[p-Im-k-hs {]tbm-Kn--Ww. CXp {Kl-Wo-tZm-js t]mn Ansb Zo]n-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. ico-cs XSn-npw hmX-tcm-Ks Pbn-pw. tim^w, IpjvTw, izn{Xw, {]ta-l- Fn-h-tbbpw \in-n-pw.

a[q-I-]pjv]w kzckw irX-a--bo-IrXw

u{Z-]m-Z-bpXw ioXw ]q-h kn-[m-]-tb

Xw]n-_ {KlWo tZmjmP-tb km lnXm-i\x

XZzZv {Zmtp Imivacy kzc-km\m kpXm]n-t_.

54

Ccn--qhv AXns Ccn sh-n Ijmbw shp ]IpXn hd-dn-bm-se-Sp--cnv B kzckw XWn-m \men-semv tX tNp apv ]d--Xp-t]mse Ge arWm-em-Zn-I Acp ]qinb ]m{X-n Hgnp ASp hmbvs]mXn sIn Hcp amkw sh-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw GSp--cnp AXns\ ]ym-lmcw Ign-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h tkhn-m Fm-hn[ {Kl-Wo-tZm-j--tfSpw Pbn-p-\v. AXp-t]mse Xs apn-cn-, Icn-v, Iap-ZnIm-b, Ch-I-fp-tSbpw kzc-sf Bk-h--fm-n-sb-Spp D]-tbm-Kn-mw.

Zpcm-e-`mbm Zzn{]w {]-am-a-e-I-kyN

apjvSo-Nn-{X-I-Z-tymtZz {]Xy-{K-m-`-bm-iXw

NXpt{ZmtW ƒ `kx ]-czmioXw t{ZmWm-h-ti-jnXw

kI-Kp-U-K-Zzn-iXw ]qXw a[p\x IpU-hm-bpXw

ZXz{]n-bwtKmx ]neym hnUw-Km-\m NqnssXx

IU-sshLrX Ipw`w ]m-Zqzw ]nt_-cx

{Kl-Wn-]m-WvUp-tcm-Kmix IpjvT-ho-k tal-\p

kzc-h Ic-ssh c-]n I^m-]lx

55

sImSn-q-h-thcv 32--]-ew, s\n-, 16--]-ew, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv 1-]ew \mK-Z-n-thcv 1-]-ew, ]cn-]q-ho-cy-ap--Xm ISp 100--]ew Ch-sbmw IqSn 128--C-S-gn sh-n Ijmbw shp 32--C-S--gn-bm-bm-se-Sp--cnp XWn-m 200--]-ew, shhpw 8-]ew tX\pw AXp-t]m-se-Xs Rmgq-hv, Xn-en, hngm-e-cn, Ch \mev ]ew hoXw FSpp s]mSn s]mSnbpw tNp tbmPn-np s\v ]qinb ]m{X-n-emn hmbvs]m-Xn-sIn 15--Zn-hkw sh-Ww. 15--Zn-hkw Ign-m-se-Sp--cnp tkhn--Ww. CXv {Kl-Wn, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, Ai-kv, IpjvTw, hnkw, {]talw Fn-hsb ian-n-pw. kzc-am-[p-cy-tbpw h-{]-km-Z-tbpw Dm-pw. c-]n--tbpw I^-tbpw ian-n-pw.

Zzn]--aq-seu cP\o hocj-`I Poh-Im

]rYIv ]-]-em `mKmw--Xp-t{ZmtW ƒ `kx ]tN

t{ZmW-titj ctk-]qtX KpU-ky-Zzn-iXw `njIv

Nqn-Xm IpU-hmmw-im ZZym-m{X kam-n-Im

{]nbw-Kp-apkvX aRvPnjvTm hnUw-K-a-[p-I--hm

tem{[w kmh-c-I-ssh amkmw Xw ]nt_XXx

Gj-aq-em-khx kntm Zo]t\m c-]n--Pn

B\m-l-I-^-lr-t{ZmK ]mWvUp-tcm-KmwK kmZ-\p.

56

Zi-aq-ew, a, oc-Im-tIm-fn, CS-h-Iw, PohIw Cu 14--Xcw acp-p-Ifpw Av ]ew-hoXw FSpp 128--C-S-gn sh-n Ijmbw sh-Ww. 32--C-S--gn-bm-bm-se-Sp-n-cnp AXn sshZy 200--]ew shhpw 4-]ew tX\pw Rmgq-hv, ap-, a-n-tm-ev, hngm-e-cn, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, Ibn-ap--, ]mtm-d-dn-tmev Ch Cu cp-]-ew-hoXw FSpp s]mSn s]mSnbpw tNp tbmPn-np s\v ]qinb ]m{X-n-emn 15--Zn-hkw kqn-p-sh--Ww. AXn-\p-tijw FSp--cn-NXvNp tcmKn tkhn--Ww. Cu ^e-{]-Z-amb aqem-khw Zo]-\-i-nsb Dm-p-Xpw c-]n-s Pbn-p--Xp-am-Wv. hbdv hov, I^-cr-t{Zm-Kw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, icocw Xf Ch-tbbpw ian-n-pw.

{]mnIow ]neow ]njvSzm KpUw-ay hn`o-X-Im

DZI{] kwbpw bh ]t-\n-[m-]-tb

Xkvam ]ew kpPm-Xm Xp ken-em-RvPen kwbpXw

]nt_ ]nWvUm-k-k-thm-tlyj tcmKm-\oI hn\m-i\x

kztm At]y\w ]nt_am-kw-\cx kn-c-km-b\w

C-kvtX-jm-a-\p]nw tcmKmWmw tb {]IonXx

]nWvUm-khx

57

Xnen 16--]-ew, shw 16--]-ew, Xm\n--bpsS Dn-se-]-cnv 16--]ew Ch-sb-mw-IqSn Acp cn-S-gn sh-nI-en Hcp-]m-{X-n-emn bh-[m-\y-n ]qgvn-sh--Ww. Hcp-amkw Ign-m-se-Sp--cnp AXn\nv Hcp ]ew FSpp \mev ]ew sh-n Ien IpSn--Ww. Cu ]nWvUm-khw tcmK kaq-l-sf \in-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. {Kl-Wn, B\mlw apX-emb tcmK- Dm-Im-Xn-cn--W-sa-m-{K-l-ap kz-\mb a\p-jy Cu kn-c-km-b-\s Hcp amkw tkhn-p--Xm-bm {Kl-WymZn tcmK- Dm-Ip--X-.

\th-]n-n-en-a-[zmt Ieti ƒ Kpcp [q]ntX

aym-VIw Pe-kaw Nqm-\o-am\n Zm]-tb

IU-hmw hnUw-Km\mw ]neymx IpUhw XYm

]mXpn-Imwimw Xzvjocow tIicw acn-Nm-\nN

XztKem ]{X-I-iSn {Iap-Im-Xn-hn-jm-L\w

ltc-tWz-eI tXtPmlzm ]n-eo-aqe Nn{X-Im

Imjn-Imw-kvXw-nXw amk-aX Dzw {]mtbm-P-tb

aw ko-]-b-Xynw ItcmXn hnjaw kaw

lr]mWvUp {Kl-Wo-tcmK IpjvTmix izb-Yp-Pz-cm

hmX-t-jvam-a-bmw-m-\ym a[z-cnjvtSm hyt]m-l-Xn.

a[z-cnjvSx

58

Hcp ]pXnb ]m{X-n Xn-en-sm-Snbpw tX\pw tNp tbmPn-n-Xv ]qin AIn Xo Inp ]pI-tb-ev]n-N-XvN-Xn-\p-tijw 8CS-gn tX\pw, 8-C-S-gn ip-P-ehpw Hgnp 2-]ew hngm-e-cn--cn-pw, 4-]ew Xn-enbpw 1-]ew apf-q-chpw 1-]ew \mK-qhpw 1-]ew Ipcp-ap-f-Ipw, Ce-hw-Kw, Ge--cn, ]n-e, Iq-cw, AS-, AXn-hn-S-bw, ap-, Atc-Wp-Iw, Gem-hm-ep-Iw, Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv Ch aqv aqv Ig-n-ho-Xhpw FSp-p-s]m-Snp Fmw-IqSn tbmPn-np hmbvs]m-Xn-sIn Hcp amkw shn-cp--Xn-\p-tijw FSp-p-]-tbm-Kn--Ww. Cu a[z-cnjvSw am-nsb Zo]vX-am-pw. hnj-am-nsb ka-n-Xn-bn-em-pw. lrt{Zm-Kw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, {Kl-Wo-tcm-Kw, IpjvTw, Ai-v, tim^w, Pzcw Fn-h-tbbpw addv hmX-I^ P\y-amb tcmK--tfbpw ian-n-pw.

kaqemw ]neow mcu tZz] eh-Wm-\nN

amXp-epw-Km-`bm cmkv\m iTn-a-cnN \mKcw

IrXzm-k-amwiw Xqw ]nt_{]mXx kpJmw-_p\m

I^-tP-{K-l-Wo-tZmtj _e-hmn h\w

59

Xn-en, Xn-en-th-cv, Nhm-cw, ]-e-h-W-, amX-fn-\m-c-, ISp-, Ac-, Iq-cw, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Npv Cuh ka-am-sb-Sp-p-s]m-Snp B Nqw I^-{K-l-Wo-tZm-j-n\p cmhnse NqSp-sh--n Ien IpSn--Ww. AXv _ew, hw {]km-Zw, PT-cmn h-\hv Chsb Dm-p-Ibpw sNpw.

GssX-tc-hu-jss[x knw knx t]bw kam-cptX

Kuan-tImw jSv]-eIw `mX LrX--bm.

60

I^-{K-l-Wn-bn hmX-ns A\p-_--ap-s-n ta]-d Huj-[- Ijm-bhpw Iev-hp-ambn ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp s\v tkhn--Ww, AYhm Kp NnIn--bn ]d jSv]-e-Lr-Xtam `m-X-I-Lr-Xtam D]-tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw sNmw.

hnUw-Im-tem--e-hWw kzn-Im-bm-h-iq-IPw

\nZn-KvnImw k]vX-em Nn{X-I-tXn Zml-tb

k]vX-IrXzx {kX-kymY mc-kymm-V-tI-\Xp

BVIw knjx ]zm ]nt_-Zn hnh-\pw.

mc-Lr-Xw.

61

hnf-bp-v, Imcp-v, Xphn-e-m-cw, sNdp-h-Zn-\n-thcv N-e--tm-ev, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv Ch-sb-mw-IqSn Npp mc-am-n-sb-Sp--Ww. B mcw AXns Bdn-cn sh-n Ien Ggp-{]m-hiyw Acn-s-Sp--Ww. Ans\ Acn-s-Sp 4-C-S-gn mc-P-e-n 8-C-S-gn s\v Imn-sb-Sp--Ww. An-_ew hn-p-hm-\mbn B s\v tkhn--Ww.

kaqemw ]neow ]mTmw ]thy-{-b-h-\m-Kcw

Nn{X-Im-Zn-hntj lnwKp-iz-Zwjv{Smw ISp-tcm-lnWow

hNm Imjn-Im ]-e-h-Wm\mw ]em-\nN

LrX-ssXte ZznI-Uth tZz{]--Z[v\ GhN

Nqo IrXm-\n\nx IzmYy-i-ss\-c-KtX ctk

Aqaw XtXm-ZKvzm Nqw-IrXzm LrXm-pXw

JmtZ ]mWn-Xew XkvanPot kyma-[p-cm-i\x

hmX-t-jvam-a-bm kml-\ymZv hnj-K-cmw kx

62

Xn-en, Xn-en-th-cv, ]mS-n-g-v, Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, Npv, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv AXn-h-S-bw, Imbw, sRcn-n, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, hbv Ch Im]ew hoXhpw Ap-p-I Htcm ]ew hoXhpw FSpp s]mSnp cv \mgn s\pw cv \mgn Fs-bpw \men-S-gn ssXcpw tNp tbmPn-np Hcp ]m{X-n-emn ASp-v shv kmh-[m-\-n XoI-np AXnse ck-samw AXn ]nSn-p-I-gn-m ]pI ]pdv t]mIm--hn[w ASp ine-a sNbvXnv hopw Npp `kva-am-n-sb-Sp-Ww B `kvaw aqv Ign FSpp s\n tNp tkhn--Ww. AXv Zlnp Ign-m a[p-c-ap Blmcw `n-p-sIm--Ww. hmX-I-^-tIm-]w-sIm-p-m-Ip Fm-hn[ tcmK--tfbpw hnj-tbpw Iqp-hn-j-tbpw AXv ian-n-pw.

`m-XIw {XnI-SpIw {X^emw eh-W-{Xbw

Aqaw Zzn]-enIw tKm]p-co-jm-n\m Ztl.

kmcx knjm ]otXm-tPmtPy hm]y-h-Nm-cnXx

lr]mWvUp {Kl-Wo-tcmK Kptam-Zm-h iqe-\p.

63

tNpcp, Npv, apf-Iv, Xn-en, ISp-, Xm\n-, Cp-v, kuh-eDv, hnf-bp-v, Ch Cu cv ]ew FSpp Hcp ]m{X-n-emn ]pI ]pdv t]mIm--hn-[-n ina sNbvXp NmW-I-h-c-Sn-sImv Inp mc-am-n-sb-Sp--Ww. B mcw s\n tNp tkhn-p-Itbm Blm-c-n tNp-]-tbm-Kn-p-Itbm sNbvXm lrt{Zm-Kw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, {Kl-Wo-tcm-Kw, Kp, DZm-hw, hb-tdz-Z\ Ch ian-p--Xm-Wv.

Zpcm-e-`m-I-RvPuN k]vX-]w khkIw

jUv{Kmw aZ\ aqmw ]mTm-am-c-Kz[w XYm

tKmaq-t{XW kamw-im-\n-IrXzm Nqm\n Zml-tb

ZKvzm-NXw ]nt_ mcw {KlWymw _e-h-\w.

64

sImSn-q-h-th-cv, DntXm-ev, Bhntm-ev, Ggn-e-m-e-tm-ev, IpS-I-m-e-thtm-ev, hb-v, ae-m-c-, t]cp-p-dpthcv, ]mS-n-g-v, sIm-tm-ev, Ch kaw FSpp s]mSnp kaw tKmaq{Xw tNp tbmPn-np A[q-a-hn-[n-{]-Imcw Inp mc-sa-Sp--Ww. {Kl-Wo-tcm-K-n An-_-e-h-\-hn-\mbn B mcs s\n tNp tkhn--Ww.

`q\nw_w tcmlnWow Xnmw ]tSmew \nw_-]Sw

Ztlam-lnj aqt{XW mc-Gtjm ƒ n h\x

65

Incn-bm-v, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, Imp-]-tSm-ew, thntXm-ev, ]Sw Ch kaw s]mSnp Fcpa aq{X-n Ipgp Aq-a-hn-[n-{]-Imcw Npv mc-am-n-sb-Sp--Ww. Cu mcw PT-cm-nsb hn-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

Zzl-cn-t{Z-hNm IpjvTw Nn{XIw ISp-tcm-lnWow

apkvX OmK-aq-t{XW atlmtcm ƒ n-h\w

66

a, ac-a-, hb-v, sImw, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, ap-, Ch kaw s]mSnp Bn aq{X-n Ipgp Aq-a-hn-[n-{]-Imcw Npp mc-sa-Sp--Ww. Cu mcw PT-cm-nsb hn-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

NXpx ]ew kp[m-Im-WvUm {Xn^ew eh-W-{X-bm

hmmIo IpU-h-mm-Z-jvSutZz Nn{X-Im ]te

ZKvm\n hmm-Ip-ctk KpUnIm t`mP-t\m-cmx

`pw ` ]N-Xym-ip-Imk izmkmi-kmw-lnXmx

hnjq-NnIm {]Xn-iymb lrt{ZmK ia-\m-Xmx

CtXy-jmm KpUnIm IrjvWm-t{X-tbW IonXmx

mc-Kp-UnIm

67

In--v, 4-]-ew, Cp-v, Xphne Dv, hnf-bp-v, Ch aqpw-IqSn 3-]-ew, ]p-cn-p--thcv 4-]-ew, Fcp-nthcv 8-]-ew, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv 2-]ew Fmw-IqSn Npp mc-am-n-sb-Spp ]p-cn-p--bpsS kzc-k-n Acp Kpfn-I-bm--Ww. CXv Blmcw Ign--Xn-s-aosX tkhn-p--Xm-bm `n As DSs\ ]mI-s-Sp-p--Xm-Ip-p. Imkw, izmk-tcm-Kw, Aiv Fo tcmK-pw \-Xm-Wv. hnjq-Nn-I, ]o\-kw, lrt{ZmKw Chsb ian-n-p-Ibpw sNpw Cu mc-Kp-fnI IrjvWm-t{X-b-\m ]d-b-s--Xm-Ip-p.

h-Im-Zn-hntj ]mTm Zpkv]tim lnwKp-Nn-{XIw

Nqo-IrXy ]em-im\mw mtc-aq{X irtX-]-tN

Bbtk `mPt\ km{w XkvamtImew kpJmw-_p\m

assZy hm {Kl-Wo-tZmtj tim^mix ]mWvUp-am

]nt_-ev.

68

Iph-S-I-m-e-thtm-ev, AXn-hn-S-bw, ]mS-n-g-v, sImSn-q-h-th-cv, Imbw, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv Ch kaw s]mSnv tKmaq-{X-n Acn-s-Sp ]emi mc Pe-n tNp Ccp-ns ]m{X-n-emn ]mIw sNbvXp km{-]m-I-am-bm-se-Sp--Ww. AXn\nv Hcp e-p-cp-hns hen--n FSpp NqSp-sh--ntem aZy-ntem Ien {Kl-Wo-tZm-jw, tim^w, Ai-v, ]mWvUp-tcmKw Ch-bp tcmKn IpSn--Ww.

{Xn^emw IS-`ow-Nhyw hnez-a-y-a-tbm-cPx

tcmlnWow ISp-Imw-apkvXw IpjvTw-]m-dm lnwKpN

a[pIw apjvXI bh-mcu {XnI-SpIw hNmw

hnUwKw ]n-eo-aqew kzn-Im-\nw_ Nn{XIu

aqm-P-tam-tZ-{-bh KpUq-No-tZ-h-Zm-cpN

Imc-jnIw eh-Wm-\m ]m\mw ]enIm ]rYIv

`mKmZ[v\n {XnIpUth LrX-ssX-te\ aqnXw

Aqaw iss\ZKvzm Xkvam ]mWn-Xew ]nt_

knjm I^-hm-Xmtim {Kl-Wo-]m-WvUp-tcm-K-hm

ol-aq-{X-{K-l-izmk lnm-Imk {Inan-Pz-cm

timjm-Xn-kmc izbYp {]ta-lm lrZv{KlmwkvXYm

l\ym k-hn-jm-Wm mtcm ƒ bw ia-t\m-\cx

Pot-c-sskhm a[pssc civ\o-bm ]bkm kl

Gj mtcm-a-lm-hocyx IrjvWm-t{X-tbW `mjn-Xx.

69

ISp-, Xm\n-, s\n-, IS-em-Sn, Imp-ap-f-In thcv, Iqh-f-m-b-bpsS a, Ccp-ns]m-Sn, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, ap-, sImw, ]mS-n-g-v, Imbw, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, ap-n, Nhm-cw, Npv, apf-Iv, Xn-en, hb-v, hngm-e-cn, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, Xphn-e-m-cw, thntXm-ev, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, t]cp-p-dp--th-cv, Ab-tam-Z-Iw, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, Nnd-d-ar-Xv, tZh-Xm-cw, Ch Hmtcmpw Im]ew hoXhpw ]-e-h-W- Hmtcmpw Hmtcm-]ew hoXhpw ssXcpw s\pw F-bpw-IqSn 6 \mgnbpw tNp tbmPn-np Hcp ]m{X-n-emn ]pI ]pdv t]mIm--hn-[-n ine-asNbvXp kmh-[m-\-n In-Xp mc-sa-Sp--Ww. AXn \nv Im ]ew mcw FSpp s\n tNp tkhn--Ww. CXv I^-tZm-jw, hmXw, Ai-v, {Kl-Wo-tcm-Kw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, ol-tcm-Kw, aq{X-X-S-w, izmk-tcm-Kw, Fn-, Imkw, Iran, Pzcw, bw, AXn-km-cw, tim^w, {]ta-lw, lrt{ZmKw Ch-tbbpw k-hn[ hnj--tfbpw ian-n-p-hm D-a-am-Ip-p. Cu Huj[w Zln-m a[p-c-{Z-hy- tNp Blmcw Ign-p-Itbm ]m tNp Blmcw Ign-p-Itbm sN-Ww. Cu alm-ho-cy-ap--Xmb mc-tbmKw IrjvWm-t{X-b-\m ]d-b-s--Xm-Ip-p.

{XntZmtj hn[n-h sshZyx ]-ImWn Imc-tb

LrX-mcm khm-cn-jvSm ZZym-mn hnh-\m

{Inbm-bmNm \nem-Zo\mw \nnjvSm {Kl-Wow-{]Xn

hyXym-km Xmw kakvXmw hm IpcymZv

tcmK-hn-ti-j-hn.

70

kn-]mX {Kl-Wn-bn sshZy kvt\l--tkz-ZmZn ]-I NnIn sN-Ww. PT-cm-nsb hn-n-p--Xmb LrXw, mcw, Bk-hw, Acn-jvSw, Fn-hsb sImSp-p-Ibpw thWw. hmX--]n---I^ {Kl-Wn-I-fn Hmtcm-n\pw {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-ambn bmsXmcp NnIn ChnsS ]d-b-s-pthm Ahsb kn-]mX {Kl-Wn-bn tcmK-hn-ti-js Adn-bm-hp sshZy hyXym-k-s-Sp-ntbm apgp-h-\p-amtbm bpn-t]mse sNt--Xm-Wv.

kvt\l\w tkzZ\w ipnw ewL\w Zo]-\--bb

Nqm\n a[p-c-mc a[p-cnjvS kpcm-khmx

X{I-{]-tbmKm hnhn[m Zo]-\m-\m kn-jmw.

{Kl-Wo-tZm-j`nx tkhymx {Inbm-m-h-nInw irWpx

71

kvt\l-\w, tkzZ-\w, tim[-\w, ewL-\w, Zo]\w Fo {Inb-Ifpw Nq-, a[p-c-{Z-hy-, mc-, a[z-cn-jvSw, kpc, Bk-hw, ]e-am-Xncn X{I-{]-tbm-K-, Zo]-\-ap-m-p--Xmb LrX- Ch-sb-mw-Xs kn-]m-X-{K-l-Wn-bn tkhn-n-m-hp--Xm-Wv. C\n {Kl-Wo-tcm-K-ns Ah-m-hn-ti-j--\p-k-cn-p NnIn ]d-p-Xcmw tIp-[-cn-p-sIm-p-I.

jvToh\w ssjvantI cqw Zo]\w Xn-kw-bpXw

kIr-{Zqw kIr-Zvkv\n-Kvw-Irti _lp-I-t^-lnXw

72

I^m-[n-Iy-ap kn-]m-X-{K-l-Wn-bn cqhpw Zo]-\o-bhpw Ibv]p-c-k-ap--Xp-amb {Zhy--tf-sm-p-m-nb Ijm-bw-sImv Ihn{Inb sNbvXp I^s Xpn-p-I-f-b-Ww. saen--h\v I^m-[n-Iy-ap-m-bm Hcp Znhkw cq-{Inb Hcp Znhkw kv\nKv-{Inb Fo {Ia-n amdn-amdn sNpXv \-Xm-Wv.

oW-ma ico-cky Zo]\w kvt\l-kw-bpXw

Zo]\w _lp-]n-ky Xnw a[p-c-kw-bp-Xw.

73

icocw saenp oW-\m-bn-cn-p--h\v kvt\l-{Zhyw tNp Zo]-\u-j[w sImSp--Ww. ]nw hn-n-cn-p--h\v Zo]-\s Dm-p-Xpw Xn-c-k-ap--Xp-amb Huj[w a[p-c-{Z-hy-tmSp tNp sImSp--Ww.

_lp-hm-Xky Xp kvt\lw eh-Wm-avf-bp-Xw-lnXw

kkq-Xo bYm-h-n-tcjmw hn[n-h-Zn-ss\x

74

hmXm-[n-Iy-ap--h\v s\v eh-Wm--{Z-hy--tfmSp tNp-sIm-Sp-p-Xv \-Xm-Wv. Ip Xobn hn[n-{]-Imcw hnd-In-m F{]-Imcw An-hn-p-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw Ba-tZm-j-ap {Kl-Wo-tcm-Knv Huj-[-fpw B{l-fpw hn[n-{]-Imcw sImSp-p--Xm-bm Pmcm-n-hn-p--Xm-Wv.

kvt\l-ta-]cw hnZymZv Zp_-em-\e Zo]\w

\mew kvt\l-k-an-ky iam-bmw kpKp-Xn.

75

Zp_-e-amb Anv Gd-dhpw Zo]-\-am-bn-p-Xv kvt\lw Xs-bm-sWv a\-n-em-Ww kvt\lw sImv hn--Xmb Anv amy-ap-m-p-hm F{X Kpcp-Xz-ap Blm-c-n\pw Ign-bp--X-.

am-n-c-ho-]-Izp ]pco-jwtbm ƒ Xn-km-cytX

Zo]-\n-bu-j-ss[-cypmw LrX-am{Xmw ]nt_Xpk

Xbm-k-am\x ]h\x {]ktm am-am-{inXx

Atx kao-]-Nm-cn-Xzm-Zmip {]I-cp-tX-_ew

ImTn-\ymZv bx ]co-jp Ir{map-Xn am\hx

kLrXw eh-ssW-cpw \tcm ƒ m-h-{Klw ]nt_

cuymat ]nt_ kn-kvssXew hmZo-]-ss\-cypXw

AXn-kvt\-lmXp-at ƒ u Nqm-cnjvSm khm-lnXm

`nt-Kp-tZm-]-te-]m Xp ate-ssXe kpcm-khmx

DZm-hm Xp atu \ncqlmx kvt\l-h-kvXbx

tZmj-hr-ym-N-at ƒ u-iptm tZmj-hn-[nw-N-tc

hym[n-ap--ky-at Xp kn-tc-hmn Zo]ss\x

Dhm-km--at ƒ u-b-hm-Kp`nx ]nt_-ZvLrXw

Amh ]oUn-tX-Nmew Zo]\w _rwl-Wm--X.

76

GsXmcp An-am-y-ap--Xmb {Kl-Wo-tcmKn aew ]mIw hcmsX hnkn-p-pthm Ah Zn]-\o-sbuj[- tN-Xmb s\v bp-amb am{X-bn tkhn--Ww. Aev]m-ev]-amb kvt\l-]m-\w-sImv \ntm-j-am-bn-op kzw amm-{in-X-amb kam-\-hmbp PT-cm-n-bpsS kao-]-Nm-cn-bm-b-Xp-sImv PT-cm-n-bpsS _es W-n Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. bmsXmcp {Kl-Wo-tcmKn ae-ns ImTn\yw sImv aew hfsc {]bm-k-sp hnkn-p-pthm Ah Cpv tN s\v Blm-c-ns IqsS IpSn--Ww. tImjvT-n cq-Xzw-sImv An a-am-bn-p--Xn Zo]-s\uj[w tN s\tm ssXetam IpSn--Ww. AXn-kv\n-Kv-X-sImv An-am-y-ap-m-bn-p--Xn Nqhpw Acn-jvShpw Bkhpw \-I-Xm-Ip-p. KpZ-n aew ]pc-p-sImv aew Ab-p-t]m-Ip--Xn ssXew, kpcm-a-Zyw, Bkh Ch D]-tbm-Kn-Ww DZm-hw-sImv An an-n-p--Xn Ijm-b-h-kvXn-Ifpw kvt\l-h-kvXn-Ifpw \-Xm-Ip-p. tZmj--fpsS AXn-hrn ImcWw An ao-`-hn-n-cn-p--Xn ha-\-hn-tc-N-\mZn tim[-\-{In-b-sNbvXp ico-c-ipn hcp-n-bnv BXmXv tZmj-sf ian-n-p NnInkm-hn-[nsb A\p-jvTn--Ww. tcmKw ian-n-cn-p--h-\p An-am-y-n-em-It An Zo]-\-n-\mbn s\v Xs sImSp--Ww. D]-h-kn-p-I-sIm-p-mb Anam-y-n s\v In-bntNp IpSn--Ww. Am-h-]o-UnXw Fv ]d--Xp-sImv AXn-t tNmdp-p-Ibpw thWw. Ans\ tkhn-p--Xmb s\v Zo]-\-tbpw _rwl-W-tbpw Dm-p-hm aXn-bm-hp--Xm-Wv.

ZoL-Ime {]kw-Km Xp ma-o-W-Ir-im \cm

{]k-lm\mw ckx kmavssf t`mP-tb ]nio-Xm-in\mw

eLp-Xo-vtWmjvW tim[n-XzmZv Zo]-b-ym-iptX ƒ \ew

amwtkm-]-NnX amwk-Xzm XYm-ip-X-c-_rw-l-Wmx.

77

Gtd-mew An-amyw apX-emb tcmK- XpSp \nevp-I-\n-anw hmSn--fp saenp t]mbn-cn-p--hsc amwkw `np Pohn-p {Iqc-Po-hn-I-fpsS amwk-c-k- Ddp-am-gw apX-em-b-h-bpsS hpfn-ckw tNp ]mIw-sNbvXp AXp Ipn `Ww Ign-n-Ww amwkmZ\o-amw-k-ckw eLphpw XojvWhpw DjvW-ho-cyhpw tim[\ KpWhpw D-Xm-b-Xp-sImv Ansb DSs\ Zo]n-n-p-p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs amwk-t`m-P\w sImv amwkw ]cn-]p-jvS-am-Ip--Xm-I-bm F{Xbpw thK-n ico-cs ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p--Xp-am-Ip-p.

\t`m-P-t\\ Imbm-n Zo]ytX \mXn t`mP-\m

bYm-\n-cn-t\m hn-ct]m hmXo--\m-hrXx

kvt\lm--]m-ss\ hnhn-ss[-q-cn-jvS-kp-cm-ksshx

kayIv {]bp-ss`n-j-Pm-_-e-atmx {]htX

bYmln kmc-Zmnx ncx kn-jvT-tX-Nncw

kvt\lm-i-\m-Zn-`nkvX ZmZ-n `th ncx.

78

Aev]-amb Xobv, hndIv Xosc Cm-Xn-cp-mepw A[nIw hnd-tIm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bmepw F{]-Im-c-amtWm AtX-{]-Im-cw-Xs Blmcw Xosc Ign-m-Xn-cp-mepw AXn-`--W-am-bmepw PT-cmn Zo]vX-am-Ip--X-. sshZy-\m th-hn-[-n {]tbm-Kn--s-Sp \m\m-hn-[-n-ep kvt\l-, A-]m-\-, Nq-, Acn-jvS-, kpc-I, Bk-h-, Fn-h-I-tf-smv PT-cm-n-bpsS _ew hn-p--Xm-Ip-p. F{]-Imcw ImX-ep hnd-Ip-I In-m Xov nc-ambn ZoL kabw Pzen-p-sIm-n-cn-p-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw kvt\l-{Z-hy-tm-Sp-IqSn Ign-p Blm-cm-Zn-I-tf-smv PT-cmn nc-ambn Pzen-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xm-Wv.

lnXw-Pot-an-X-miv\w nc-am-tcmKy aiv\ptX

Assh-j-tayW [mXq-\m-a-n-hru btX-X\m

kssatmjx ktam-aty tZl-tkym-jvamn kwnXx

]N-Xyw XZm-tcmKy ]pjvSym-bp_e h\w

tZmssjatm ƒ Xn-hrm hm hnj-tam-\-P-tbZv KZm

]mNyw aky Xt{Xm--aXn hrky hy-tX.

79

BZyw Ign Blmcw \-hw Zln--Xn-\p-tijw lnXhpw anX-hp-amb Blmcw hopw Ign-p a\p-jy hf-sc-mew Btcm-Kys A\p-`-hn-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-sImv [mXp-v sshjayw hcm--hn-[-n-ep An-h-\-hn a\p-jy {]b-Xv\n--Ww. hmX-]n I^-tZm-j- ka-am-bn-cn-p Ah--bn tZl-ns ay-n An-kw-n-X-amb Dujvamhv Btcm-Kyw, ]pjvSn, Bbp-v, _ew Chsb hn-n-p-hm-\mbn Blm-cs ]Nn-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. hmX-]n I^-tZm-j--tf-smv An a-am-hp-Ibpw A[n-I-am-hp-Ibpw hnj-a-am-hp-Ibpw sNp-tm tcmK-sf Dm-pw. AXm-bXv hmXm-[n-Iy-n An hnj-a-am-hp-I-\n-anw tcmK--fp-m-hp-Ibpw ]nm-[n-Iy-n An hn-p-I-\n-anw tcmK--fp-m-hp-Ibpw I^m-[n-Iy-n An ao-`-hn-p-I-\n-anw tcmK--fp-m-hp-Ibpw sNpp Fw. Ah-bn am-n-bpsS NnIn ]d-b-s-p. AXy-n-bpsS NnIn C\n ]d-bmw.

\tc-oW It^ ]nw Ip]nXw amcp-Xm-\pKw

tkmjvaIw ]mh-Imt\ _e-at {]b-Xn

XZ-e_v[ _te-tZtl hncq-t-km-\nte ƒ \ex

A`n-`q-b-]-N-Xyw ssXvWym-Zmip aplpplpx

]zmw kXtXm [mXq timWn-Xm-Zo ]N-Xy]n

XtXm-Zu_-ey-am-Xw arXyp-tm-]-\-tb-cw

`qt ƒ t e`-tX-imnw Po-amt{X {]Xm-ayXn

XrSvizmk taml-aqmZym hym[tbm ƒ Xy-n-km-`hmx

80

I^w bn--s a\p-jy-\n hmbp-hns A\p-_-e-tm-Sp-IqSn Ip]n-X-amb ]nw Xs kzw Dujvam-hn-\m An m\-n ({K-l-Wo-m-\-n) nXn sNp Ansb _e-hm-\m-n-op--Xm-Ipp Atm cq-amb ico-c-n hmbp-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn _e-hm-\m-bn-o An AXns XovW-Xzw-sImv `n-p--Xmb As _em AXn-th-K-n ]ntbpw ]ntbpw ]Nn-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. B XovWmn `n As Zln-n--Xn-\p-tijw cm-Zn-[m-Xp-sf ]Nn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. [mXp-]mIw sImv Zu_-eyhpw tcmKhpw Dm-hp-Ibpw a\p-jys\ ac-W-n-tev \bn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXyn _m[n--h\v Blmcw Ign--am-{X-bn imn-In-p-Ibpw Xf _m[n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXy-n-sImv Zmlw, izmk-tcm-Kw, at\m-hn-{`-aw, tamlm-ekyw apX-emb tcmK- Dm-Ip--Xp-am-Wv.

Xa-Xynw Kpcp-kv\nKv iossX-[pc hnssex

A-]m-ss\ \tb-mnw Zo]vX-a-n-an-hmw-_p`nx

aplpp-lpc Pot ƒ ]n-t`m-Pym-\y-tkym-]-lm-c-tb

\ncn-t\m ƒ -cw-e_v[zm bssY\w \ hn]m-Z-tb.

81

B AXy-nsb Kpcp-Xz-ap-Xpw kv\nKv-X-bp-Xpw ioX-ho-cy-am-bn-p-Xpw a[p-c-ap-Xpw hgp-h-gp-p--Xp-amb A-]m-\--fpsS D]-tbm-Kw-sImv Pe-sk-N-\-m In-Pz-en-p ssXsb F-t]mse ian-n--Ww. BZyw Ign Blmcw Zln-m-Xn-cp-mepw A-h\v IqsS-qsS Blmcw sImSp-p-sIm-n-cn--Ww. ImcWw C-\-cq-]-amb Blm-c-an-m Ah-kcw e`n-nv An Ch\v hn]-p-m-m-Xn-cn--Ww.

Iricmw ]mbkw kv\nKvw ss]jvSnIw KpU-ssh-IrXw

AZym XYu-Z-Im-\q-]]n inXm\n LrXm-\nN

akym hnti-jXx vWm nc-tXm-b-N-cm-\]n

Bhn-I--LrXw amwk-a-Zym-X-Xy-n-\m-i\w

bhmKpw ka-[p-n-jvSmw-LrXw hmp-[nXx ]nt_

tKm[q-a-Nq-aw hm hym[-bn-Xzm-kncmw ]nt_

]tbm hm imcmw kn Poh-\o-bu-jss[xirXw

^em\n ssXe-tbm-\o\mw arIp-m-k icmw

amhw P\-b-yt kv\nKv-amwk ckm-Ym

]nt_-nXmw_p\m kn a[p-n-jvtS\ kwbpXw

tKm[q-a-Nqw ]bkm k knjvw ]nt_-cx

B\q-]-c-k-kn-m hm {Xokvt\-lmw-kvssX-Xe hn-Xm

]b-km-k-anXmw hm ]nL\mw {Xnkvt\l kwbpXw

\mco-kvX-t\y\ kwbpmw ]ot_-Zu-Zpw-_-cnw-XzNw

Xm`ymw hm ]mbkw knw ]nt_-Z-Xyn im-tb.

82

Ftm-dv, ]mm-b-kw, Acn Acp s\v tNp-m-nb ]e-lm-cw, i-c-tNp-m-nb `-W-km-[-\- Ch `n--Ww. AXp-t]m-se-Xs sh-n hkn-p Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw B\q-]-Po-hn-I-fp-sSbpw amwkhpw s\pw `n--Ww. hnti-jnv Hgp-n-m sh-n Pohn-p sImgpp XSn akyhpw Ipdn-bm-Sns amwkw s\vtNpw `n--Ww. Ch-sbmw AXy-nsb ian-n-p--Xm-Wv. AXy-n-bp--h Intbm s\tm tX sagpIv Dcp-n-tNp IpSn--Ww. AYhm kncm-th[w sNbvXnv tKmXvs]mSn sh-n Ien IpSn--Ww. AYhm ]mtem ktm IpSn-m sImSp--Ww. AYhm Poh-\ob KsWuj[- tNp-Im-nb s\v sImSp--Ww. Fv apX-emb F-hn-p-Itfm ans s]mSntbm ]-kmc tNp-sIm-Sp-p-Itbm AXp-t]m-se-Xs s\vtNp amwk-ckw sImSp-p-Itbm sNbvXm AXy-nv amhw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. AYhm tXsa-gpIpw s\pw XWp--sh--n tNp IpSn-p-Itbm tKmXv Nqw ]men Ien s\vtNp AXy-n-bp--h IpSn-p-Itbm sNWw AYhm B\q-]-Po-hn-I-fpsS amwk-c-k-n F-sbm-gn-sI-bp aqp-kvt\-l- AXm-bXv LrX--h-k--a--I tNp-sIm-Sp--Ww, AYhm tKmX-vs]m-Snbpw LrX--h-km--a--Ifpw ]men In-bnI-en sImSp--Ww. AYhm An-tmev ape-m-en Ac-p-I-en IpSn-Ww. AYhm ape-m-en An-tmev Ac-p-I-en AXn Aev]w Acn-sNp ]mb-k-ap-mn IpSn--Ww. Ch-sbmw AXyn ian-p-hm \-Xm-Ip-p.

iymam {Xnhr-Zzn-]Izw hm ]tbm-Z-ZymZv hntc-N\w

Ak-Ir ]n-l-cWw ]mbkw {]Xn-t`m-P\w

`njIv {]mx {]k-ao-y-X-kvssa-Z-ZymZv hn[m-\-hn

83

\mevtm]-Ip-bpw {XntIm-ev]-Ip-bpw tNp-Im-n-b-]m AXy-n-tcm-Knv hntc-N\w hcp-hm-\mbn sImSp-p-Ibpw sNmw. ]ns ian-n-p ]mtmdv ]e-X-hW IqsS-qsS Blm-c-am-bn-p-sIm-Sp--Ww. NnInkm-hn[n th-Xp-t]mse Adn-bp _pn-am-\mb sshZy AXyn tcmKn-bpsS tZmj-_-em-Zn-Isf \-h-w a\-n-em-nbnv Cu ]dhsbmw sImSpWw.

bIn-nZv Kpcp-ta[yw b tjva-f-m-]n-t`m-P\w

khw XZ-Xyn lnXw `pzmN kz]\w Znhm

ta[ym-\y-\m-\m-\ntbm ƒ Xy-m-h-{]-Xmx ka-iv\p-tX.

\ Xn-anw hyk\w e`tX ]pjvSn-ta-h-N.

84

GsXmw Blm-c- Kpcp-Xz-ap-Xpw hrn-bp-Xpw I^s hn-n-p--Xp-amtWm An-s\-bp Fm Blm-c-fpw ]Ik-abw Blmcw Ign DSs\ Dd-A-D-A-YDw AXyn ia-\-n\v \-Xm-Ip-p. AXy-n-sImv oWw ]nSn-p--Xn\p apmbn bmsXm-cp-h \ Blmcw (kv\n-Kv-X-Iq-Sp-X-ep Blm-cw) th-Xp-t]mse Ign-p-pthm Ah\v AXy-n-\n-anw hyk\w Dm-Ip--X-. ico-c-]p-jvSn-tb-s Inp-Ibpw sNpw.

It^ hrt PntX-]o amcp-tX-Nm-\ex ka

ka-[mtXmx ]N-Xyw ]pjvSym-bp_e hrtb

85

AXynbp-h\v ta]-d Blm-cm-Zn-I-tfsmv I^w hn-p-Ibpw ]n-tbpw hmX-tbpw Pbn-p-Ibpw An ka-n-Xn-bn-em-hp-Ibpw [mXp-k-aX hcn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm Ah\v ico-c-]p-jvSn, Bbp-v, _ew Ch hn-p-hm-\mbn Blmcw ]Nn-p--Xm-Wv.

`h-n-Nm-{X

]ym-]-y-an-ssl-I{X `pw ka-i-\w-aXw

hnjaw _lp-Nm]w hm]y-{]m-]vXm-XnX Imetbmx

]qm--ti-tjN ]p\`p ay-i\w aXw

{XoWy-t]y-Xm-\n-arXypw hm tLmcmhym-[o krP-n-hm.

86

Htc Ah-k-c-n ]yhpw A]-y-hp-amb Blmcw Hcp-anp Ign-p--Xn\v ka-i\w Fv ]d-bpp. Blmcw Ign-t-p ka-b-n\v aptm katbm Ign-ntm IqSp-X-emtbm Aev]-amtbm Blmcw Ign-p--Xn\v hnj-am-i\w Fv ]d-bp-p. BZyw Ign Blmcw Zln-mtX hopw Blmcw Ign-p--Xn\v Ay-i\w Fv ]d-bp-p. BZyw Ign Blmcw Zln-msX hopw Blmcw Ign-p--Xn\v Ay-i\w Fv ]d-bp-p. Cu kam-i-\hpw Ay-i-\hpw hnj-am-i-\hpw ac-W-ttbm AYhm `b--c-amb tcmK--tftbm Dm-p--Xm-Wv.

{]mX-cm-ti-Xz-Pot ƒ ]n kmb-am-tim\ ZqjyXn

Znhm-{]-t_m-ytX ƒ t-W-lr-Zbw ]WvU-co-I-h

Xkvan hn_p-t-t{kmXmw kn k^p-SXzw bmn kix

hymbm-am hnNm-cm hnn-]vX-Xzm tNXkx

\ tZ-ap-]-K-n Znhw tX\mky [mXhx

An-t-jz--am-kn--a-Xy-t-jp\ ZpjyXn

Ahn-Z-Kvt-jzn-h-]bx kz\ym kwan-{in-Xw-]bx

ss\h-Zq-jy-Xn-tX-ss\h kaw-k--ZytX bYm

87

cmhnse Ign Blmcw sshIp-t-c-am-Ip-tm-tgpw Zln-n-n-s-nepw sshIp-tcw Ign-p Blmcw tZmj-ap-m-Ip--X-. ]I kqcy Imc-W-ambn Xma-c-sb--t]mse lrZbw hnI-kn-p--Xm-Wv. lrZbw hnI-kn-n-cn-p Ah-k-c-n t{kmX-p-I-sfmw hnI-kn-n-cn-pw. ]I a\p-jys hymbm-aw-sImpw Ka-\m-K-aXzw am\-knI {]h-\w-sImpw ]qm--t`m-P\w Zln-msX Ip kmbm--t`m-P-\w-sImv [mXp- tZs {]m]n-p--X-. [mXp- n-am-Im Ah-k-c-n hopw Ign-p kmbm-lm-\-t`m-P\w IqSp-X tZmjw Dm-p--X-. F{]-Im-c-sa-m ]mIw sN-s-Sm ]men-en# addv ]mev Ipd-p-IqSn tNp tbmPn-n-m cpw ka-am-bn-o-cpp F-msX AXp-sImv ]m Zpjn-p--X-.

cm{XuXp lrZ-b-am-fmt\ kwhr-tX-jz-b-t\jp N

]cn-tZw bmn-tImjvtT kwhrtX tZl-[m-Xhx

nt-jz-\y-Z-]-tIz-jp-tX-jz-knw {]Zp-jyXn

hnZ-Kvt[-jp-]bx kz\y ]b-kvX-]vtX-jzn-hmnXw

ss\ti-jzm-lmc PmtXjp \mhn-]-tIzjp _pn-am

Xkvam-Z-\y ka-iv\n-bm ]me-bn-jz _em-bpjn

88

cm{Xn-bn-em-Is kqcy-k--an-m--Xp-sImv Xma-c-sb--t]mse lrZbw m\-am-hp-Ibpw ckm-Zn-Isf hln-p t{kmX-p-I AS-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw tImjvTw Npcp-p-Ibpw sNp--Xp-sImv tZl-[m-Xp- tZs {]m]n-p-p. [mXp- n-ambn Blmcw ]Nn-m Ah-k-c-n addv Blmcw Ign-p--Xm-bm AXv Zpjn-p--Xm-Ip-p. F{]-Im-c-sa-m Ao-`q-X-amb ]mev NqSmn AXn addv ]msem-gn-m B ]mepw Zpjn-p--Xp-t]mse AXp-sImv ico-c-_-e-tbpw Bbp-n-t\bpw cn--W-sa-m-{K-l-ap _pn-am cm{Xn Ign Blmcw ]mIw-h-cmsX Aev]-sa-nepw tijn-p-s-n addv Blmcw Ign--cp-Xv.

kw{K-l-tmImx

A-cn KpWm-tZlw bYm km-c-tb kx

bYmw ]NytX b bYm-lmcx Itcm-Xy]n

tbm ƒ -tbmbmw]-jy-nbm htm-tb-]-N-n-bm

ckm-Zo\mw {Itam]-na-em\mw tX`y GhN

hrjym-am-amip Irt-XpmXp Imtem`-h-{Iax

tcmssK-I-tZi Irt-Xp-cm--cm-n-cy-Ym-[nIx

{]Zq-jyXn bYm ZpjvtSm-bm tcmKm P\-b-Xy]n

{Kl-Wobm kam-km {Kl-Wo-tZmj eWw

]q-cq]w ]rY-IvNm]n hyRvP\w k NnIn-nXw

NXpn-[ky \nnjvSm XssYhm hn Io {Inbm

Pmtb N bYm-Xyn cy Xky NnInknXw

bZp--hm-\-ti-tjW {Kl-Wo-tZm-jntI ap\nx

89

PT-cm-n-bpsS KpWhpw B PT-cmn Fns\ tZls [cn-pp Fpw Fns\ Blm-cs ]Nn-n-pp Fpw Blmcw F{]-Imcw GsXm-ns\ sNpp Fpw GX-cn GsXm-ns\ t]mjn-n-pp Fpw bmsXm-cn bmsXm-ns\ ]Nn-n-pp Fpw ckmZn [mXp--fpsS {Ia-{]-Im-c-ap Dev]-nbpw [mXp-a-e--fpsS Dev]-nbpw hrjy-]-Zm--fpsS io{L-Im-cn-Xz-ns Imc-Whpw [mXp--fpsS D-h-Im-e-ns {Iahpw GI-tZ-i-n tcmK-ap-m-p Imc-Whpw A-cmn F{]-Imcw hn-pp Fpw F{]-Imcw Zpjn-pp Fpw Zqjn-X-amb An GsXmw tcmK-sf Dm-pp Fpw Npcp--n {KlWn F-m-sWpw {Kl-Wo-tZm-j-e--Whpw {Kl-Wn-bpsS ]q-cq-]hpw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw e-Whpw NnIn-bpw \mep-{]-Im-c-n ]d-b-s {Kl-Wo-tZm-j-ns Ahm hnti-j-n--\p-k-cn {Inb-Ifpw F{]-Imcw AXy-n-bp-m-Ipp Fpw AXns NnIn Fm-sWpw Cu {Kl-Wo-tZmj NnIn-n-Xm-ym-b-n `K-hm-\m-t{Xb aljn kq-ambn ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p.

CXnnthi IrtXXt{ NcI{]Xn kwkvIrtXƒ{]m-]vtX-Zr-V-_e

{]Xn-kw-kvIrtX NnIn-n-X-mt\ {Kl-Wo-tZmj NnIn-n-Xw.

\ma-]--Ztimƒymbx

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