Aymbw  8

cmP-bva NnIn-nXw

tmI x

1 - 15

16 - 30

31 - 45

46 - 60

61 - 75

76 - 89

AYtXmx cmP-bva NnIn-nXw hymJym-kymax

CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx

1

C\n cmP-bva NnIn-nXw F Aym-bs Bt{Xb `K-hm D]-tZ-in--Xp-{]-Imcw Xs An-thi aljn hnh-cn-p-p-v.

Znhu-Ikmw IY-bXm arjn-`n ssh{ipXm IYm

Ima-hy-k\ kwbpm ]ucmWn ikn\w {]Xn

tcmln-Wym-aXn kky icocw \m\p-cvXx

BP-Km-am--Xm-an-tmtZlx kvt\l-]-co--bm

Zpln-Xr-Wm-a-kw-t`m-Km-t-jm-Wm {]Pm-]tXx

t{Imt[m-\n-izmk cqt]W aqn-am\nx krtXm-ap-tJ

{]Pm-]-tX lnZp-lnXrcjvSm-hnw-i-Xn-aw-ip-am

`mcymw {]Xn-P-{Km-l\ N km kzhtX

Kpcp-Wm-X-a-h-ymXw `mcym-kz-k-a-hn\w

cPx-]-co-X-a-_ew bam iin-\-am-hn-i

ckm ƒ `n`qtXm ƒ Xn_-en-\m-Kpcp t{Imt[\ \njv{]`x

tZh-tZ-hjn klntXm PKma icWw Kpcpw

AY-N-{-akx ipmw-aXn _pzm {]Pm-]Xnx

{]kmZw IrX-hm tkmta-XtXm ƒ izn`ymw NnIn-nXx

khn-ap {Kl-t{m hnc-hmP hnti-jXx

HmP-km-hntXm ƒ izn`ymw kXzw ip-a-hm-]-N.

2

Imam-k-n-aqew ZpxJm-\mb N{s IY tZh-m-cpsS IY ]d-bp--Xmb Ejn-am-cn \nv tI-s--XmIp-p. Fn-s\-bp IY-bmWv tI--s--sXv ]d-bmw. AizXn apX A`n-Pnv hsc-bp 28--Z--]p-c-{Xn-amsc N{ hnhmlw Ign-n-p-m-bn-cp-p. AXn tcmlnWn F `mcy-bn AXym-k--\m-hp-Ibpw icoc c t\mmsX {IoUn-p-Ibpw sNpI \nanw ico-c-nse kvt\lmwiw \in-p-Ibpw icocw bn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AizXn apX-emb av `mcy--am `Xr-kpJw InmbvI \nanw A-\mb Z-{]-Pm-]-Xn-tbmSv kSw ]d-p. AXv tIv tIm]m-Ip-e-\mb Z-{]-Pm-]-Xn-bpsS apJ-n \npw \nizm-k-cq-]-n aqn-a-mb t{Im[mn ]p-p-h-p. Z-{]-Pm-]-Xn-bpsS 28--]p{Xnamsc N{ `mcy-am-cmbn kzoI-cn-nv tcmln-Wn-bn am{Xw Bk--\m-hp-Ibpw ap--hsc \nc-kn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp Fp--Xp-sImv F `mcy-am-scbpw Hcp t]mse kzoI-cn-- N{s\ iziq-c\pw Kpcp-hp-amb Z{]Pm-]Xn \n\v bw `hn-s Fv i]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn-\p-tijw cmtPm-KpWw \in--s-p. Zp_-e-\mb N{s\ cmP-b-vam-tcmKw _m[n-p-I-bpw sNbvXp. Atm AXn-_-e-hm-\m-bn-cn-p Kpcp-hns t{Im[w sImv cmP-b-vamhv _m[np \njv{]-`-\m-bn-cn-p N{ Kpcp-hmb Z-{]-Pm-]-Xnsb tZh-m-tcmSpw tZhjn-am-tcmSpw IqSn icWw {]m]n-p. Atm Z-{]-Pm-]Xn N{s _pn ip-am-sbv a\-n-em-n-bnv AXm-bXv C\n a-sfmw Hcp t]mse kzoI-cn-p-sav a\-n-em-n-bnv N{-\n {]km-Zn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn-\p-tijw Aizn-\o-Ip-am-c-m N{s\ NnIn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ans\ tcmK-ap--\mb N{ hnti-jnv ]qm-[nIw tim`m-b-am\amhp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aizn-\o-Ip-am-c-m-cpsS NnIn--sImv N{s HmPv hn-p-Ibpw a\v ip-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

t{Imt[m-bvam Pztcm-tcmKm GImtm ZpxJ-kw-Ix

bkvamk-cmx {]mKm-koZv cmtP-bvam XtXm-a-Xx.

3

t{Im[w, bvam-hv, Pzcw, tcmKw, ZpxJw Ch-sbmw Htc A-n-ep t]cp-I-fm-Ip-p. Cu tcmKw \-{X--fpsS cmPm-hmb N{\v BZy-am-bp-m-b-Xp-sImv cmP-b-vamhv Fv ]d-bp-p.

kb-vam-lp-IrtXm ƒ izn`ymw am\pjw temI-am-KXx

e`v[zm-N-Xpn[w tlXpw kam-hn-iXn am\hw

Ab-Ym-_-e-am-cwt`m thK-k-m-cWw bw

bvaWx ImcWw hnZym--Xpw hnj-am-i-\w.

4

N{-\p-mb B cmP-vamhv Aizn\oIpam-c-m-cpsS lpr-Xn-sImv tZh-tem-I-n \nv a\p-jy-temI-n-tep hp. Atm apX \mev {]Im-c-n-ep Imc-W- Dm-Ip-tm cmP-b-vamhv a\p-jys\ B{I-an-p--Xm-Ip-p. 1-A-h-\-h-\p--Xmb _e-nepw Ihn Imcyw sNp-I, 2-{]-h-\-amb aqe-aq-{XmZn thK-sf XS-bp-I, 3-[m-Xp- bn-p-I, 4-hn-j-am-\-i\w ioen-pI Ch cmP-b-vam-hns Imc-W-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

bpm-y-b\ `mcm--[z-ew-L\ h-\m-Zn`nx

]X-ss\-c-`n-Lm-ssX hmkm-l-ssk hmX-Ym-]sscx

Ab-Ym-_-e-am-cw-ss` Ptm-cp-ckn hntX

hmbpx {]Ip-]ntXm tZmjm-hp-Zo-tcym`u hn[m-hXn

kincx x incx iqew ItcmXn Kf-am-{inXx

IW-A-tTmzw k Imk kzc-t`Z atcm-NIw

]miz-iq-e ]miztm htm-t`Zw KptZ-nXx

Prw`mw Pzc kn--Dcx m-c-tkm-cpPw

W-\m-Zp-ckx ImkI^w jvToth ktim-WnXw

P-tc-tWm-c-km-Ir-{-apcx iqe-Xn-]o-UnXx

CXn-km-l-kntIm bvam-cq-ss]-tcssXx {]]-ZytX

GIm-Z-i-`n-c-x tkh-XmtXm \ klm-kw.

5

abpw sNp-I, A[n-I-k-abw IqSpX D-n sNmn-]-Tn-p-I, IqSp-X `mcw Npa-p-I, IqSp-X \S-p-I, ]nWn InS-p-I, Hgp-n-s\-Xn-cmbn \op-I, Db-c-n \nv hogp-I, ASn, CSn apX-em-bh GpI Fn-h-sImtm CXp-t]m-ep av kml-k-{In-b-I hgn-bmtbm Ah-\-hs _e-nepw Ihn- Imcy- sNp--Xmb a\p-jy\v Dc-n X-ap-m-Ip---Xm-Ip-p. Atm {]Ip-]o-X-amb hmbp I^--]n---tf-qSn tIm]n-np ico-c-n An-mbn k-cn-p--Xmb hmbp inc-nepw nXn-sN-p-tm IWvT-n\nv ]cp-]-cp i_vZhpw Imkhpw kzc-t`-Zhpw Acp-Nnbpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. hmcn--n-bn nXn sNp-tm hmcn---bn thZ-\bpw KpZ-n nXn-sN-p-tm AXn-km-chpw kn-I-fn nXn-sN-p--tm tImp-hmbpw ]\nbpw Dc-n nXn-sNptm s\v thZ-\bpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. Dc-n ITn\ thZ-\-bp--Xmb tcmKn Dc-n-ep Xw-sImpw Poamb Dc-n \nv hfsc {]bm-k-sp c-tmSp IqSn-b-Xmb I^w ]pd-tv hv Xpp--Xm-bn-cn-pw. C{]-Imcw kml-knI {]hr-n-sIm-p-mb b-tcm-Knv 11--cq-]-n-ep D]-{Z-h-e--W--fp-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-sImv _pn-am-\mb a\p-jy kml-knI {]hr-n-I sNm-Xn-cn-t--Xm-Ip-p.

{loa-XzmZv hm LrWn-XzmZv hm `tbmZv hm thK-am-KXw

hmX-aq{X ]pco-jmWmw \nKr-lvWmZn bZm-\cx

XZm-thK {]Xo-Lm-Xm I^-]nt kao-c-b

Duzw Xncy-K-[-ssh hnIm-cm IpcptX ƒ \nex

{]Xn-iym-b Imk kzc-t`Z atcm-NIw

]miz-iqew incx iqew-Pz-c-amw-kmh a\w

AwK-atm aplp-ivOn htm-t`Zw {XneWw

cq]mtWy ImZ-ssi-Xm\n bvam ssbcp-NytX alm.

6

e-sImtm \nn-X-\m-hp-sav Icp-Xntbm `bw sImtm {]hrnam\-amb At[m-hm-bp, aq{Xw, aew apX-emb thK-sf Ftm a\p-jy XSp \np-pthm Atm B thK-{]-Xn-LmXw sImv Ip]n-X-amb hmbp I^--]n---tfbpw tIm]n-np taevt]mpw hne--n-ep-ambn hym]np hnIm-c--fp-m-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv {]Xn-iymbw (]o-\-kw) Imkw, kzc-t`-Zw, Acp-Nn, hmcn---th-Z-\, Xe-th-Z-\, ]\n, Npa-en an-p--Xp-t]m-ep thZ-\, Ah--b-h--fn \pdp-n-t\mhv IqsS-IqsS On, AXn-kmcw Fo hnIm-c- {XntZmj e-W--tfmSp IqSn-bp-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. Cu 11--e--W--tfmSp IqSnb bvam-hn\v alm cmP-b-vamhv Fp ]d-bp-p.

Cutjym-WvTm-`-b-{Xmk timI t{Im[mXn Ij-Wm

AXnhyhmbm \i-\mp {Itam-P lobtX

XXx kvt\l--bmZv hmbphrtm tZmjm-hp-Zo-c-b

{]Xn-iymbw Pzcw Imk-aw-K-aw intcm-cpPw

izmkw hnUvt`Z acpNnw ]miz-iqew kzc-bw

Itcm-Xn-Nmwk km] taIm-Zi alm-tK-clx

cq]m-Wym-th-Z-bty Xmt\y ImZi alm-KZw

kw{]m]vXw cmP-b-vamWw bm {]mW--bm-hlw.

7

8

Cujy, D-WvT, `bw, t]Sn, ZpxJw, t{Im[w Fnh AXn-bm-bp-m-hpI \nanw icocw saen-bp-Ibpw AXn-bmb kv{Xohn-j-bw-sImpw ]nWn InS-p--Xp-sIpw iphpw HmPpw bn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ip-p. Atm ico-c-n-ep kvt\lmwiw bn-p--Xp-sImv hmbp tIm]n-p-Ibpw AXv I^-]n--tm-Sp-IqSn tIm]n-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ip-p. B tIm]n tZmj- {]Xn-iym-bw, ]\n, Imkw, AwK-a-\w, Xe-th-Z-\, izmk-tcm-Kw, AXn-km-cw, Acp-Nn, hmcn--, H-b-S-v, Npa-en ]pI-n Fn-s\ 11--hn-[-n-ep D]-{Z-h--fp-m-p--Xm-Ip-p. Cu 11--hn-[-n-ep e-W--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb cmP-bvam tcmKw ipu-P-p-I-fpsS bw tlXp-hmbn {]mW-m-a-t-qSn Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p.

hnhn-[m-\y ]m\m\n sshj-tayW ka-iv\Xmw

P\-b-ym-a-bm tLmcm hnj-am amcp-Xm-Zbx

t{kmXmwkn cp[n-cm-Po\mw sshj-aymZn hnj-aw-KXmx

cptm-tcm-Kmb I]t ]pjy-n-N-\-[m-Xhx

{]Xn-iymbw {]tk-I Imkw On-a-tcm-NIw

Pzc-amw-km-`n-Xm-] O\w cp[n-c-kyN

]mkz-iqew incx-iqew kzc-t`-Z-a-Ym-]nN

I^-]n-m-\n-e-IrXw enwKw hnZymZv bYm-{I-aw.

9

10

tZmj-tZj Imem-Zn-I tbmPn-m hn[-n-ep A-]m-\m-Zn-I A[n-I-ambn ioen-pI \nanw hmXmZn tZmj- tIm]np ]te-hn-[-n-ep ITn-\-tcm-K-sf Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. A-]m-\--fpsS sshjayw sImv hnj-as {]m]np hmXm-Zn-tZm-j- cmZn [mXp--fpsS t{kmtXm-ams XS-nv {]Xn-iym-bmZn tcmK-sf Dm-p-Ibpw [mXp- t]mjn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ip-p. {]Xn-iy-bw, I^-{]-tk-Iw, Imkw, On, Acp-Nn Fnh I^-tIm]w sImpw Npp-\o-d, cw On-p-I, ]\n, Npa]p-I-n Fnh ]n-tIm]w sImpw hmcn---bn thZ-\, Xe-th-Z-\, H-b-Sv Fnh hmX-tIm-]w-sImpw Dm-Ip -ns e-W-fmsWv a\-n-em--Ww.

CXn--hym[n kaq-lky tcmK-cm-Pky tlXpPw

cq]-ta-Im-Z-i-hn[w tlXp-tm---Xpn[x

11

C{]-Imcw tcmK--epsS kaq-l--tfmSp IqSnb cmP-b-vam-hns 4-Im-c-W-fpw AXp-sIm-p-m-Ip 11--hn-[-n-ep tcmK--fpsS cq]-fpw ]d-b-s-p.

]q-cq]w {]Xn-iymtbm Zu_eyw tZmj-Zi\w

AtZm-tj-jzn]n `mthjp Imtb_o `k-Zi\w

LrWn-Xz-a-iv\-X-m]n _e-amwk ]co-bx

kvv-{Xo-a-Zy-amwk {]bXm {]ob-Xm-Nmh KpWvTt\

an-Xm-LpW tIim\mw XrWm\mw ]X-\m-\nN

{]mtbm ƒ ]mt\ tIim\mw \Jm-\m-m-_n-h\w

]X-{]-Xn`nx ]Xw-ssK izm]-ssZ-m`n [jWw

kz]vt\ tIim-n-cm-io\mw `kva-\-m-[n-tcm-lWw

Pem-i-bm\mw ssiem\mw h\m\mw tPymXn-jm-a]n

ipjyXmw ob-am-Wm\mw ]XXmw b-Zi\w

{]mKv-cq]w _lp-cq-]ky Xtbw cmP-b-vaWx

cq]w-Xz-ky-b-tYm-tiw ]cw-i-rWp kt`-j-Pw.

12

b-tcm-K-ns ]q-cq]w C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p. {]Xn-iym-bw, _e--bw, tZmj--sfm-p-an-m-n IqSn tZmj- ImWp-I, icocw hnIr-X-am-bn-Im-Wp-I, Fsmv Xnp-tmgpw \n-tbmsS Xnp-I,_ew, amwkw Fnh bn-p-I, kv{Xotk-h-bnepw aZy-nepw amwk-nepw {]nbw hn-p-I, \ hkv{Xw sImv ico-cs ad-p-sh-p-hm-\p B{Klw Ignp Blm-c-nepw IpSn-p--sh--nepw an-hmdpw Cu, ]pgp, tcmaw, ]pv Fnh hoWp-Im-Wp-I, tcmahpw \Jhpw km[m-c-W-bn Ihn thK-n hf-cpI kz]v\-n ]n-ar-Km-Zn-I-fn \nv ]cm-Pbw ]n-b-Xmbn ImWp-I, tcmaw, An, `kvaw Fnh Iqn-b-Xns ta Ccp--Xmbn kv]v\w ImWp-I, Pem-i-b- hn-b-Xmbpw ]-X-fpw h\-fpw timjn--Xmbpw \-{Xm-Zn-I hogp--Xmbpw kz]v\w ImWpI Fnh At\I tcmK--fpsS cq]--tfmSp IqSnb cmP-b-vam-hns ]q cq]-e--W-am-Ip-p. C\n cmP-bvam tcmK-ns cq]hpw Dt-in-p hn[-n-ep- Huj[ {Ia-fpw ]dp Xcmw tIp [cnp sImI.

bYm-tkz-t\m-jva-Wm-]mIw imco-cm-bmn [mXhx

t{kmX-kmN bYm-tkz\ [mXpx ]pjyXn t[Xp\m

t{kmXkmw kn-tcm-[m cm-Zo-\m kw-bm

[mXq-jva-Wm-m] NbmZv cmP-bvam {]htX.

13

ico-c-n-ep ckmZn [mXp- kzw Dujvamhv sImv ]mIw hcn-Ibpw kzw t{kmtXm-am--fnqSn k-cn--p-Ibpw BZy-am-Zy-ap [mXp ]noSv ]no-Sp [mXp-sf ]pj-A-Sn-s-Sp-p--Xp-am-Ip-p. AXm-bXv ck-n \nv cw c-n \nv amwkw Fo {Ia-n ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-p. Fm apv ]d--Xp-t]mse t{kmtXm-am-v XSw t\cn-Sp--Xp-sImv ck-c-mZn [mXp- bn-pI hgn-bmbpw A-Cs\ [mXp--fpsS Dujvamhv bn-p-I hgn-bmbpw cmP-bvam tcmK-ap-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

Xkvan Item-]-N-Xy-n bZw tImjvT kw{inXw

aeo-`-hXn X{]mbx I]tX Inn-tZm-Ptk

Xkvam ]pcojw kwcyw hnti-jm cmP-b--anWx

k-[mXp bmky _e#w Xky ln hnUw-_-ew.

14

cmP-b--am-tcm-K-ap Ah-k-c-n Ign-p Blm-c- tImjvT-n shp ]mIw hcp-tm AXv an-hmdpw ae-am-bn-tm-hp-I-bmWp sNp--Xv. Hcp sNdn-b-`mKw am{Xta HmP-mbn ]cn-W-an-p-p-q. AXp-sImv cmP-bvam tcmKn-bpsS aew hnti-jnpw kwc-n-t--Xm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv NnIn sNp-tm aew IqSp-X ]pd-tv t]mIm-Xn-cn-p-hm sshZy {in--W-sa-w. k-[m-Xp--fpw bnp B-\mb cmP-b-va-tcm-Knv ae-ns _ew Xs-bmWv _ew.

ckx t{kmX-p-cp-tjp kzm-\tm hnhtX

k Duzw Imk-th-tK\ _lp-cq]x {]htX

Pmbt hym[-mXx jtU-Im-Z-ihm ]pcx

tbjmw kwLmX tbmtK\ cmP-b-vtaXn I]tXx

15

ck-[mXp t{kmtXm-am--fn XS-p-\np kzm-\p Xs hn-p--Xm-Ip-p. B hn ck-[mXp ico-c-ns Duz-`m-K--fn {]th-inp Imk--tcm-K-n-eqsS At\I cq]-n {]hn-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXn-\p-tijw Bdv hn[-ntem ]Xn-s\mv hn[-ntem D tcmK- Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. Cu tcmK--sfmw IqSn-tp-m-Ip--Xn\v cmP-b-vamhv Fp ]d-bp-p.

Imtkmw ƒ kXmt]m sshkzcyw Pzcx ]mizn-in-tcm-cqPw

O\w c-I-^tbmx izmtkm htm-KtZm ƒ cpNnx

cq]tWy ImZ-ssi-Xm\n bv\nWx jUn-am-\nXp

Imtk-Pzcx ]miz-iqew kzc-htm-KtZm ƒ cpNnx

16

Imkw, Npa-en ]pI-n, H-b--S-v, ]\n, ]miz-th-Z-\, Xe-th-Z-\, cw On-p-I, I^w On-p-I, izmk-tcmKw, AXn-km-cw, AcpNn Ch cmP-b-vam-tcm-Kn-bpsS 11--cq-]-n-ep tcmK-e--W--fm-Ip-p. Im-kw, ]\n, ]miz-iq-e, H-b-S-v, AXn-km-cw, AcpNn Ch ay-_-e-ap b-tcm-K-n-ep-m-Ip 6-cq-]-n-ep tcmK-e--W-am-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Cu 11hn[-n-ep tcmK-tfm As-n 6-hn-[-n-ep tcmK-tfm Hcp-an-p-m-bm am{Xta b-tcm-K-am-Ip-p AmsX Ch-bn-se-sX-nepw Hp-m-bm b-tcm-K-am-Ip-n-s-w.

kss-css kv{Xo`nm-]o-enw-ssK amwk-_-e-tb

bptm-hy-n-In kvXp k-cqt]m ƒ ]ytXm ƒ \yYm.

17

11--e--W--tfmSp IqSntbm 6-e--W--tfmSp IqSntbm Ch-bn-se-sX-nepw 3-e--W--tfmSp IqSntbm Dmb b-tcm-K-n amwkhpw _ehpw bn-n-p-s-n B tcmKnsb NnIn-n-msX hn--Ww. Fm amwkhpw _ehpw bn-n-n-s-n Fm e-W-fpw Dm-bm Xsbpw NnIn-n-t--Xm-Ip-p.

{LmW-aq-te-nXx tjvam cp[ncw ]n-ta-hhm

amcp-X--amX inctkm amcpXx iymb-tX-{]Xn

{]Xn-iym-b-kvXtXm tLmtcm PmbtX tZl IjWx

Xky-cq]w incx iqew Kuchw {LmW-hn-hx

Pzcx Imkx It^mtix kzc-t`tZm ƒ cpNnx ax

C{n-bm-Wm-a-km-ayw bvam-NmXx {]Pm-b-tX.

18

\mkn-Im-aq-e-n nXn-sN-p I^hpw chpw AYhm ]nw Xtbpw hmbp-]q-amb inc-n \nv aqn IqSn hmbp ]p-d-tv t]mIp--tXm-sSmw ]pdtv t]mIp--Xn\v {]Xn-iymbw Fv ]d-bp-p. {]nXn-iymbw ITn-\-am-bp-m-bm icocw saen-bp--Xm-Ip-p. AXns cq]w Xe-th-Z-\, Xe-L-\w, aqn shw \nd-bp-I, ]\n, Imkw, IqSp-X I^w t]mhp-I, H-b-S-v, Acp-Nn, oWw, Np-t{im-{XmZn C{n-b-v Xs hnj-b-{K-lW in-bn-m-Xn-cn-pI Fn-h-bm-Ip-p. C{]-Im-c-ap {]Xn-iym-bw-sImv cmP-b-vam-tcmKw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

]nnew _lpew hn{kw-l-cnXw tizX-]o-XIw

hym]\w jvToh-Xn-ckw Imkb-vao-I-^m-\pKw

19

hgn-apn \n-Xmb ck-[mXp Zpjnp hgp-h-gppw Inbpw Ba-K-hpw \oe-I-e ]-\n-dtam shfptm atbm \ndap--Xmbn I^tm-Sp-IqSn cmP-b-vam-tcmKn Npap Xpp--Xm-Ip-p.

Awk-]mizm-`n-Xm-] km]x Ic-]m-Ztbmx

Pzcx kmwK KtXn eWw cmP-b-vaWx

20

Npa-enepw hmcn---bnepw thZ-\, ssIIm ]pI-n, icocw apgp-h\pw thZ-\bpw ]pI-nepw Dm-hpI Fo e-W--tfmSp IqSnb Pzcw cmP-b-vam- tcm-Kn-bpsS Pzc-e--W-am-Ip-p.

hmXm ]nm I^m cm Imk-th-Km k]o-\-km

kzc-t`-tZm-`-th hmXmZv cqx ma-ex kzcx

Xmep-I-WvT-]-cn-tmjx ]nmZv hq-a-kq-btX

I^mZv t`tZm hn_--\ kzcx Jp\-Jp--\-btX

ktZym-c hn_--Xzm kzcx Ir{m {]h-tX.

ImkmXn thKm IcpWx ]n\-km I^-hm-Xn-Ix.

21

hmXw-sImpw ]nw-sImpw I^w-sImpw aw sImpw Imk-th-Kw-sImpw {]Xn-iym-bw-sImqw kzc-t`-Z-ap-m-Ip-I. hmX cmP-bvam tcmKn-bpsS kzcw cqhpw t\cn-bXpw hnd-p--Xp-am-bn-cn-pw, ]n cmP-b-vam-tcmKn kwkm-cn-p-tm Ampw sXmbpw ]pI-bp-Ibpw hmv ]pd-tv hcm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. I^-tIm-]w-sIm-p cmP-bvam tcmKn-bpsS kzcw hyXym-k-ap-m-hp-Ibpw XS-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw JpJp Fm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. c-cm-P-bvam tcmKn-bpsS kzcw c-ns XSw sImv hfsc {]bm-k-sp ]pd-tv hcp--Xm-Ip-p. Imk-thK b-tcm-Kn-bpsS kzcw Zb-\o-b-am-bn-cn-pw. {]Xn-iymbw sImp kzc-t`Zw I^-n\pw hmX-n\pw ]d--Xp-t]m-se-bn-cn-pw.

]miz-iqe z\n-bXw ktm-Nm-bm-a-e-Ww

incx iqew kk-m]w bvanWx kym kKu-chw

22

b-tcm-Knv hmcn---bn thZ-\bpw hmcn- Npcp-p-I, hnI-kn-pI Fnh \nb-{-W-an-msX Dm-hp-Ibpw Xe ]pI-n-temSp IqSnbpw Ie L\-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw Xe-th-Z-\-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ip-p.

AXn-Jnt ico-tcXp bvantWm hnj-am-i--\m

IWvTm {]h-tXX cw tjvam-tNm njvS-nXx

cw hn_ am-Xzm amwkm-Zo \m\p-]-ZytX

Bam-i-b--apnjvSw _lp-Xzm IWvT-ta-Xn-hm.

23

cmP-b-vam-tcmKn ico-c-n AXn-bmb ti-ap Ah-k-c-n hnj-am-i-\w sNpI \nanw cw On-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Xs {Ia-tSv kw`-hnv Hcp-anv IqSn-b-Xmb I^w IWvT-n-tev hv I^w On-p--Xm-Ip-p. AYhm cw am-h-tcm[w \nanw amwkmZn [mXp--fmbn ]cn-WanmsX Bam--i-b-n nXn-sNbvXp AhnsS hn-p-tm a\w ]nc--ep-mbn IWvT-n hp cw On-p-Isb sNp--Xm-Ip-p.

hmX-tjva hn_--Xzm-Zp-ckx izmk-ar--Xn.
24

s\n hmbphpw I^hpw XS-p--\n-evpI \nanw b-tcm-Knv izmktcmKapm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

tZmssj-cp-]-ltX Nmu k]n--a-Xn-km-cy-tX.
25

hmXmZn tZmj-sfsmv ]mN-Imn ao-`-hn-pI \nanw b-tcmKn hgp-h-gp-tmSp IqSnb {Zh-cq-]-n AXn-k-cn-p--Xm-Ip-p.

]rYKv tZssjx ka-kvssX Pnlzm-lr-Zb kwnssXx

PmbtX ƒ cpNn-cm-lmtc ZpjvssS-css--am-\kx

Ijmb Xn a[p-ssc hnZymap-J-csskx {Iam

hmX-ssZy-c-cpNnw PmXmw am\-kow tZmj-Zi-\m.

26

\mhnepw lrZ-b-nepw nXn-sN-p hmX-]n--I-^- {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-amtbm Fmw IqSntbm Zpjn-p--XpsImtm Blm-c-n AcpNn Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. hmbn Ijm-b-c-k-am-sW-n hmX-P-\y-amb Acp-Nn-bm-sWpw Ibv]p-c-k-ap-s-n ]n-P-\y-amb Acp-Nn-bm-sWpw a[p-c-am-sW-n I^-P-\y-amb Acp-Nn-bm-sWpw a\-n-em--Ww. Zpjn hkvXp- I-Xp-sIm-p-m-Ip AcpNn am\-kn-Im-cp-Nn-bm-Ip-p. am\-kn-Im-cpNn `bw sImmsW-n hmXhpw t{Im[w-sIm-m-sW-n ss]n-Ihpw aSn, Bekyw apX-em-b-h-sIm-m-sW-- ssjvan-I-hp-am-Ipp Fpw ]dbmw.

Atcm-N-Im Imk thKm tZmtjmt-im `bm]n

Onhm kmhn-Im-cm-Wm-a-t\y-jm-a-]yp-]-{Zhx

27

b-tcm-K-n Acp-Nn-sImpw Imk-th-Kw-sImpw hmXmZn tZj--fpsS {Ia-t-Sp-sImpw `bw-sImpw On-sIm-p-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. CXp-t]m-se-Xs av hnIm-c-pw D]-{Z-h-hym-[n-bmbn On-bp-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

k-kv{Xn-tZm-jtPm bvam tZmjm-Wmp _em-_-_ew

]co-ym-h-nIw sshZyx timjnWmw kap-]m-N-tc.

28

Fm-hn[ b-tc-Khpw {XntZm-j-P-\y-am-bp-m-IpXmIp-p. sshZy tZmj--epsS _em-_ew ]co-n--cnp AXm-X-h---\p-k-cnp b-tcm-Kn-Isf NnIn-n--Ww.

{]Xn-iymb incx iqte Imtk izmtk kzc-tb

]miz-iq-teN hnhn[mx {Inbmx km[m-c-Wo-ir-Wp.

29

]o\-kw, Xe-th-Z-\, Npa, G, H-b-S-v, hmcn- thZ-\ Fn-h-I-fn km[m-c-W-bmbn {]tbm-Kn-p-hm-\p hnhn[ hn[-n-ep NnInm hn[n-Isf ]d-p-Xcmw tIp [cn-psImpI.

]o\tk tkzZ-a-`ywKw [qa-am-te-]-\m-\nN

]cn-tjIm hKm-lmw--]m-\Iw hmSy-ta-hN

eh-Wm ISq-jvWmw ckm kvt\tlm] _rwln-Xm.

emh-Xn-ncn ZmWmw h-Im-\m I]-tb.

30

]o\-k-n hnbn-p-I, F-tX-p-I, [qa-]m\w sNp-I, acp--cp ]pc-p-I, [mc-sN-p-I, apn-bn-cp-p-I, Huj-[- IpSn-p-I, bh-ns In IpSn-p-I, emh--n, Xnn-cn--n, tImgn, ImS--n Fn-h-I-fp-sS amwk-c-k-n Dpw Fcphpw ]pfnbpw tNv s\v hdhv sNbvXp NqtSm-Sp-IqSn DtbmKn-pI Fnh sN-Ww.

k]n--eoIw kbhw k-Ip-ew k\m-Kcw

tZmUn-am-a-etIm t]Xw kv\nKv-amPw ckx ]nt_

tX\-jUv ssh \nhm hnImcmx ]o\-km-Zbx.

31

Xn-en, bhw, apXn-c, Npv, Ddp-am--gw, s\n Fnh tNp ]mIw sNbvXp Bn amwk-ckw s\v, hdhv tNp IpSn--Ww. Cu {]tbm-Kw-sImv ta]-d {]Xn-iym-bmZn 6-hn-[-tcm-K-fpw ian-p--Xm-Ip-p.

aqe-Im\mw Ipe-m\mw bpssjhm kp]-kw-kvIrssXx

bh-tKm-[pa imey-ss\ bYm-km-y-ap-]m-N-tc.

32

ap-ntbm apXn-ctbm shq-n-sb-Sp ck-n Ipcp-ap-fIv apX-em-bh tNp ck-ap-mn AXpw Iqn bh-a, tKmX-w, sNs-cn Ch-bn-te-XmWv tcmKnv ioe-sav shm AXns tNmdv sImSp--Ww.

]nt_ {]kmZw hmcp-Wym-Pew hm ]-aq-enIw

]n-\o-`n--X-kr-`n[m\y \mK-c-tI-Whm

Xma-e-IymY hmknw tX\ Nmm\n I]-tb.

33

hmcpWo aZy-ns sXfn shtam Iap-Zv, Iqh-fw, ]mXn-cn, ]m-\, ap Fn-h-I-fpsS thcv, Ijmbw sh shtam Hmcn-e-th-cv, aqhn-e-th-cv, Imp-gp-n thcv, Imp-]-b-dn Ingv Fnh Ijmbw sh shtam sIm-m-e-cnbpw Nppw Ijmbw sh shtam Iogm s\n Ijmbw sh shtam {]Xn-iym-bmZn tcmK--fn IpSn-p-hm sImSp--Ww. Ijmbw jUwK Ijmb hn[n-{]-Im-c-am-Wm-t--Xv. Cu Ijmb shw Xs Blm-c-km-[-\--fp-m-p-hm-\p-]-tbm-KnpIbpw thWw.

Iri-tcmm-cn-Im-amj Ipe--bh ]mbsskx

k-c-tkzZ hn[n-\m-I-WvTw ]mtizm-ckn incx

tkzZ-tb ]{X `rwtKW inc ]cn-tj-N-tb

_em-Kp-UpNo a[pI irssXm hmcn`nx kpssJx

h-aky intcm-`nm \mUo-tkzZw {]tbm-P-tb

IW-AtT inckn ]mtizN ]tbm-`nhm khm-XnIx

HuZ-Im-\p-]-amw-km\n kenew ]mau-enIw

kkvt\-l-am-c-\mfw hm \mUo-tkzZw {]tbm-P-tb.

34

Fpw Acnbpw kaw tNp sh-I-n, s]mov Dgp-v, apXn-c, bhw Fn-h-sIm-p-m-nb ]m-bkw Fn-h-I-sfsmv Igp-v, hmcn--, s\v, incv Fn-hn-S--fn kq{X-m-\-n ]d kc tkzZ-hn-[n-{]-Imcw hnbn--Ww. Id Ce Ijmbw shp AXp-sImv Xe Ipfn--Ww. AYhm Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, Nn-ar-Xv, Ccn a[pcw Fn-h-bpsS Ijm-b-shw sImtm anX-amb NqSn Xe Ipfn--Ww. Igp-nepw Xe-bnepw hmcn----bnepw Bns Xebpw ay-ns Xebpw Ijmbw sh shw-sImv \mUo-tkzZw sN-Ww. AYhm hmX-l-c-{Z-hy--fn-p-sh Ijmb shw-sImtm B\q-]-Po-hn-I-fp-tSbpw Ph-Po-hn-I-fp-tSbpw amwk-c-kw-sImtm _rl ]-aq-e-I-jmbw sImtm kvt\l-{Zhyw tN ImSn-shw sImtm b-tcm-Knv \mUo-tkzZw sN-Ww.

Pohymx iX-]p-jv]mbm _embm a[p-I-kyN

hNbm thi-hm-cky hnZmcym aqe-I-kyN

HuZ-Im-\q] amwkm\m ap]-\m-lm kwkvIrXmx

iky-tN NXpx kvt\lmx incx ]mizmwk iqen-\mw.

35

b-tcm-Kn-bpsS Xe-th-Z-\, ]miz-th-Z-\, Npaev thZ\ Fn-hbvv AS-]-Xn-b Ing-v, NXp-Ip-, Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, hb-v, Acn apX-em-b-h-bpsS s]mSn ]map-Xp-n Ing-v, ap-n, Pe-Po-hn-I-fpsS amwkw B\q-]-Po-hn-I-fpsS amwkw Fnh {]tXyIw {]tXyIw ssXe--Lr-X--h-km--a--I tNp ]mIw sNbvXp NqtSm-Sp-IqSn incx ]mizmwk-fn shp sIn D]-\m-l-tkzZw sNp-Xv \-Xm-Ip-p.

iX-]pjv]m ka-[qIw IpjvTw XK-c-N-t\

Bte-]\wkym kLr-Xw-incx ]mizmw-k-iq-e-\p.

36

NXp-Ip-, Cc-n--a-[p-cw, sImw, XI-cw, N\w Fnh s\v tNp ]pc-n-bm Xe-th-Z-\, hmcn- thZ-\, Npaev thZ\ Fnh ian-pw.

_em-cm-kv\m-Xnemx kn-c-a-[pIw \oe-aq]ew

]e-jm tZh-Zmcp N\w tIi-cw-LrXw

hocm-_-em-hn-Zm-cnN IrjvW-Km ]p\hm

iXm-hco ]b-kymN IrWw a[p-Iw-LrXw

NXzmc GtX-tm-Imssx {]tZlmx ]cn-IonXmx

ikvXmx kwkr-jvS-tZ-jmWmw incx ]mizmwk iqen-\mw.

37

1-Ip-dp-tm-n-th-cv, Ac-, Fv, s\v, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, \oe-m-a-c, 2-KpKp-ep, tZh-Xm-cw, N-\w, \mK-q-hv, s\v, 3-o-c-Im-tIm-fn, Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, ]map-Xp-n Ing-v, Idp apcn--th-cv, sXgp-X-am-a-th-cv, 4-i-Xm-h-cn-n-g-v, AS-]-Xn-b Ing-v, \mq-I-p-v, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, s\v Cu A-tmIw sImv ]d 4-te-]-\-tbm-K- b-tcm-Knv cv tZj- IqSn-tp-m-Ip incx ]mizmwk iqe-tcm-K-n\v te]\w sNp-hm \-Xm-Ip-p.

\mh\w [pa-]m-\m\n kvt\lm-u-c `nImx

ssXem-\y-`ywK tbmKm hkvXn-I-X-Ym-]cw

irwK-tem_q Peu-Im`nx {]ZpjvSx hy[-t\-\N

incx ]mizmwk iqtejp cp[ncw Xky \nl-tc.

38

incx ]mizmwk iqe-I-fn \kyw, [pa-]m-\w, kvt\l-]m\w Fnh `-W-n\v tijw sNp-Ibpw hmX-I-^-l-c-{Z-hy--sf-smv Imn-b-ssXew tXp-Ibpw knn-m-\-n ]d--Xp-t]m-ep hkvXn Iw sNp-Ibpw thWw. incx ]mizmw-k-iq-e-I-fn b-tcm-Kn-bpsS Zpjn cw A-bntm Npc-smv shtm sImv shtm kncm-th[w sNbvtXm ]pd-tv If-b-Ww.

{]tZlx kLr-X-tjvSx ]-tIm-ioc Nss\x

Zpm-a-[pI aRvPnjvSm tIi-sschm LrX-pssXx

{]]u-WvU-coIw ]ky tIicw \oe-apew

Iti-cpImx ]b-kym-Nk knjvIw {]te-]-\w.

39

c-tam--Wm-\-cw ]Xp-ap-Iw, cma-w, N-\w Fnh Acp s\v tNp ]pc-p-Xv \-Xm-Ip-p. AYhm Idp-I, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, ]qh-w, \mK-qhv Fnh Acp s\v tNp ]pc--Ww. AYhm ]p-coIw Xma-c-b-n, \oe-m-a-c, Ibn-ap--, AS-]-Xn-b Ingv Fnh Acp s\v tNp ]pc-p--Itbm sN-Ww.

N-\m-tZy\ ssXte\ iX-[u-tX\ knim

A`ywKx ]b-km-tkIx ikvX a[p-Imw-_p\m

atl-t{W kpio-tX\ N-\mZn irtX-\hm

]cn-tjIx {]tbm-hy CXn kwi-a-\o-{In-bm.

40

Pzc-Nn-In--bn ]d N-\m-Zn-ssXew sImtm \mev]m-ac sh-sImtm A`ywKw sNp-Xpw ]mev sImtm Cc-n-a-[pc Ijmbw sImtm \\-p-Xpw \-Xm-Ip-p. XWp ag-shw sImtm N-\mZn ssXew sImtm Ipfn-p-Xpw \-Xm-Ip-p. cmP-b-vam-tcm-Kn-bpsS {]Xn-iym-bmZn tcmK-p kwi-a\ NnIn C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p.

tZmjm-[n-Im\mw ha\w ikytX k hntc-N\w

kvt\l tkztZm] ]m\mw kkvt\lw bIj-Ww.

timjo--aq--Xn-Km-{XmWn ]pcoj {kwk-\m-Z]n

A_-em-t]-nWmw am{XmwInw ]p\tcym hntc-NytX

41

b-tcm-Knv tZmj-m-[n-Iy-a-s-n kvt\l-tkzZw sNbvX-Xn-\p-ti-ja kvt\l-{Zhyw tN ha-\u-j-[--sf-smv On-n-p-Xpw kvt\l-{Zhyw tN hntc-N-\u-j-[--sf-smv hntc-Nn-n-p-Xpw \-Xm-Ip-p. Fm icocw saen--h\pw Zp_-e\pw tZmjm-[nIyapm-bmepw ha\ hntc-N-\- sN-cp-Xv. ImcWw b-tcm-Kn-bpsS aew apgp-h-\p-ambn ]pd-tv t]mbm Atm Xs Poh\pw ]^-tv t]mIp--Xm-Ip-p. AXv tcmKn _e-hm-\m-bmepw kw`-hn-p--Xm-Ip-p. ]ns Fn\v Zp_-es\ At]-np hntc-N-\-ns am{Xw ]d-b-Ww. AXm-bXv Zp_-es\ hntc-Nn-n-m Atm Xs acn-p-sa-w. AXp-sImv tcmKn _e-hm\pw tZmjm-[n-Iy-ap--h-\p-am-sW-n AXn-\-\p-k-cn--hn-[-n hfsc eLp-am-{X-bn ]mtem amwk-c-km-Zn-Itfm tN kv\nKv-X-h-cp-nb hntc-N-\u-j-[--sf-smv hntc-Nn-n--Ww. Ans\ hn-v tZmj-sf Aev]m-ev]-ambn ]pd-tv If-tb--Xm-Ip-p.

tbmKm kwip tImjvTm\mw Imte-izmtk kzc--tb

incx ]mizmw-k-iq-tejp knm-t\-Xm {]tbm-P-tb.

42

ta]d{]Imcw tImjvT-ipn hcp-nb b-tcm-Knv Imkw, izmk-tc-Kw, kzc-bw, incx ]mizmw-k-iqe Fnh Dm-b-Xn Xmsg ]d-bp kn-tbm-K-se {]tbm-Kn--Ww.

_em-hn-Zmcn Km`ymw ]neym a[p-tI\ N

knw ke-hWw kn \kyw kzcy-a-\p-aw

{]]u--coIw a[pIw Xneo _rl-Xo-_em

km[nXw oc kn Xkz-cyw \mh-\w-LrXw

43

Ipdp-tmn thcv, aqhn-e-th-cv, Xn-en, Cc-n-a-[pcw Fnh tNp Imn-sb-Sp s\v Cppw tNp kkyw sNbvXm kzcw \m-Ip-hm \-Xm-Ip-p. ]pWvU-cn-I--cnv, Cc-n-a-[pcw, Xn-en, sNdp-h-Zn-\n-th-cv, Ipdp-tm-n-thcv Fnh Ijmbw Ievhpambn ]m ISs-Sp s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. B s\v kzcw \m-Ip-hm \-Xm-Ip-p.

{]bq-Py-am\w _lp-tim-Lr-X-au--`-nIw

Zi-aq-te\ ]b-km-knw amwk-c-tk-\N

_em-K`w LrXw kmtZym-tcm-Km-t\-Xm {]_m-[tX

`-tkym-]-cn-a-tymhm bYm-y`y hNm-cnXw

ckvX-\m-Lr-Xw hmk-ocw kocw ht_-em-Lr-Xw.

44

incxiqe, ]miz-iq-e, Awk-iq-e, Imkw, izmk--tcmKw Fnh ian-p-hm-\mbn DuWn-\p-tijw s\v At\-I-{]m-h-iy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. s\ns \men-cn Zi-aq-e-I-jm-bhpw s\bvv kaw ]mepw amwk-c-khpw s\ns \men-semv Ip-dp-tm-n-thcv Ievhpw tNp kvt\l-]m-I-hn-[n-{]-Imcw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v DuWv Ign--Xns aosX tkhn-m incx ]mizmwk iqe Imk-izm-k- n ian-p--Xm-Ip-p. ]ip-hn ]men Ac Ievw tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\tm ]ip-h]m-en Ipdp-tmn thcv Ievw tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\tm DuWv Ign--Xns aosXtbm DuWns ay-ntem An-_-e-n-\--\p-k-cnp tkhn-m incx iqemZn tcmK- ian-p--Xm-Ip-p.

telm Imem-]-lm kzcym izmk-ln-m\n _lWm

incx ]mizmwk iqe-Lv\m kvt\lmw-mXx ]cw-ir-Wp.

45

C\n Imkw, kzc--bw, izm-k-tcm-Kw, Fn-, incx-iq-e, Awk-iqe Fn-h-Isf ian-n-p--Xmb temly-tbm-K--tfbpw LrX-tbm-K--sfbpw ]dbmw tIp [cn-p-sIm-p-I.

LrXw-Jpc cpZzoIm a[pssIx k]-cq-jssIx

k]n--eo-ssK sshkz-c-Im-k-izmk \n_l-Ww.

46

Cu--gw, apn-cn-, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, Nno-nI--Xn-en Fnh s\ns \men-semv Ievw tNp s\ns \men-cn ip-P-ehpw tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\v, kzc--bw, Imkw, izmk-tcKw Fn-hsb ian-n-pw.

Zi-aq-e-ir-Xm ocm knbZp Znbm-hw

k]n--eoI u{Zw X]cw kzc-hn-\m\w

incx ]mizmw-k-iq-eLv\w Imk-izmk Pzcm-]-lw.

47

Zi-aq-e-I-jm-b-n ]msem-gnp Imn AXv IS-m-ep-m-Ip ]pXnb s\n Xn-en-sm-Snbpw tX\pw tNp tkhn-m kzc-bw ian-p-hm Ghpw \-Xm-Ip-p. am{X-a in]x-iqe, ]miz-iq-e, Awk-iq-e,. Imkw, izm-k-tcm-Kw, Pzcw Fn-hbpw ian-p--Xm-Ip-p.

]`nx ]-`naqssex irXmZv bZp-Zn-bm-ZvLrXw

]m\mw ]-aq-em\mw ctk-oc NXpptW

knw kn PbtXy XZy-vaWx k]vX-Iw-_--ew.

48

Av ]-aq-e--sf-smv ]m-jm-b-ap-mn AXn \nv IS-s-Sp-p s\v AXns \men-cn Ap-]--aqeIjm-bhpw Ijm-b-ns A{X-Xs ]mepw tNp hopw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v cmP-b-vam-tcm-Kn-bpsS kzc-t`-Zw, incx-iq-e, ]miz-iq-e, Awk-iq-e, Imkw, izmkw, Pzcw Fo Ggv tcmK- F{X _e-s--Xm-bmepw Pbn-p--Xm-Ip-p.

Jqcw Xneo {Zmm ]ym-irwKo Zpcm-e`m

{Xn^-em-Xn-en apkvXw irwKmZ KpU-icmx

hocm-iSo ]pjvX-cmJyw kpckx im-cm-KpUx

\mKcw Nn{X-tIm-emPmx Xneym ae-Iw-KpUx

tmImss hnln-Xm-t\-Xm entl-m-u{Z knjm

Imk-izm-km-]-lm kzcym ]miz-iqem ]lmw-kvX-Ym.

49

1--Cu---gw, Xn-en, apn-cn-, hSp-, I-S-I-irw-Kn, sImSn-q-h-th-cv, 2-I-Sp-, Xm\n-, s\n-, Xnen, ap-, Pe-I--Iw, shw, ]-km-c, 3-]map-Xp-nIn-g-v, Iqcw ]pjvI-c-aq-ew, Xpf-kn-th-cv, ]-km-c, sh-, 4-Np-v, sImSp--th-cn-n-g-v, ae-cv, Xn-en, s\n-, shw, (Cu A-tmIw sImv]d \mev tbmK- Ac-t-h Acpw s]mSn-t-h s]mSnpw tX\pw s\pw tNp b-tcm-K-ap--h tkhn-m Imkw izmk-tcm-Kw, kzc-t`-Zw, ]miziqe Fnh ian-p--Xm-Ip-p.

kntXm-]em XpKm-oco ]neo _lp-em-XzNx

Aym-Zqzw Zznc-Kp-WnXw tel-tb u{Z kn-jm.

NqnXw {]mi-tbZv sshX-zmk Imk-Pz-cm-]-lw.

kp]vX-Pn-lzm-tcm-NIn \a-\]mnw ]miz-iq-en-\w.

50

]-kmc 16--`m-Kw, apf-qcw 8-`m-Kw,-Xn-en 4-`m-Kw, Ge-ncn 2-`m-Kw, Ce-hmKw 1-`m-Kw, C{]-Imcw HSp-hn ]c--Xns Cc-n-bmbn {Ia-n FSpp Fmw IqSn s]mSn--s]mSn tX\pw s\pw tNp tkhn--Ww. izmk-tcm-Kw, Imkw, Pzcw, \mhv Xcn-v, Acn-Nn, An-am-yw, ]miz-iqe Fnh Cu kntXm-]-emZn Nqw-sImv ian-pw.

kntXm-]em XpKm-oco ]neo _lp-em-XzNx

Aym-Zqzw Zznc-Kp-WnXw tel-tb u{Z kn-jm.

NqnXw {]mi-tbZv sshX-zmk Imk-Pz-cm-]-lw.

kp]vX-Pn-lzm-tcm-NIn \a-\]mnw ]miz-iq-en-\w.

51

ssIIm ]pI-n, Pzcw, cw On-pI Fn-h-I-fn c-]n NnIn--bn ]d hmim-Lr-Xtam iXm-h-co-kz-c-k-n ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp LrXtam Ghpw \-Xm-Ip-p.

izZwjv{Smw kZp-cm-e`mw NX{kx ]n-\n_emw

`mKm ]teman-Xm IrXzm-]ew ]-S-I-kyN

]mNZv Zi-KptW tXmtb Zi-`m-K-h-ti-jntX

ctk kp]qtX {Zhym-Wm-tajmw Im kam-h-t]

iSo-]p-jvI-c-aq-em\mw ]neo{Xmb amWtbx

Xma-eIymx Incm-Xm\mw Xnky IpS-P-kyN

^em-\m-w imcn-_m-bm kp]n-jvSm Ij-k-n-Xm

km[-tbXp LrtX-{]w oc-Zzn-Kp-WnXw `njIv

Pzcw Zmlw {`aw Imkawk ]miz-in-tcm-cpPw

XrjvWm On-a-Xo-km-c-ta-X knhy-t]-l-Xn.

tKmp-cmw-Zy-Lr-Xw.

52

sRcn-n, sImSn-q-h-th-cv, Hmcn-e-th-cv, aqhn-e-th-cv, Imp-gp-n thcv, Imp-]-b-dnIn-g-v, Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, ]Sw Fnh Hmtcm-]ew FSpp CXns ]n-cn sh-n Ijmbw shp Ipdpn ]n-sem-m-n-sb-Spp Acnp AXn Iqcw, ]pjvI-c-aq-ew, Xn-en, {_n, s\n-, ]p-cn-p--th-cv, IS-I-m-e-b-cn, \mdn-n-gv Ch apqv Ign FSp--cp Ievw tNp {Zh-ZznKpWXzm 2-C-S-gn s\pw, 4-C-S-gn ]mepw tNp sshZy kvt\-_-]m-I-hn-[n-{]-Imcw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v Pzcw, Npp-\o-d, Xe-Np-, Imkw, An-iq-e, ]miz-iq-e, Xe-th-Z-\w, Zmlw, On, AXn-kmcw Fn-hsb ian-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

Pohow a[pIw {Zmmw ^em\n IpS-P-kyN

iSow ]pjvI-c-aq-e hy{Low tKmp-cIw _emw

\otem]ew Xma-eXnw {Xmb-amWmw Zpcm-e`mw

]n-eo kaw-]n-jvSz-LrXw sshtZym-hn-]m-N-tb

GX hym[n-k-aq-lky tcmtK-iky kap-IvYnXw

cq]-ta-Im-Z-i-hn[w kn-c{Kyw hnt]m-lXn

Poh-ym-Zyw-Lr-Xw.

53

AS-]-Xn-b Ing-v, Ccn-a-[p-cw, apn-cn-, IS-I-m-e-b-cn, Iq-cw, ]pjvI-c-aq-ew, sNdp-h-Zn-\n-th-cv, sRcn-n Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, \oe-m-a-c, Iogm s\n-th-cv, {_n, sImSn-q-h-th-cv, Xnen Fnh Ievw tNp Iev-ns \men-cn s\pw s\ns \men-cn ip-P-ehpw tNp kv\l-]m-I-hn-[n-{]-Imcw sshZy ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v tcmK-k-aq-l--fpsS cmPm-hmb cmP-b--vam-hn-ep-m-Ip 11--hn-[-tcm-K--tfbpw ian-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

_emw-ncmw ]riv\n]vow _rlXow kv\nZn-KvnImw

km[-bnXzm ctk-X-kvan ]tbm-Khyw k\m-Kcw

{Zmm-Jq-c-kn`nx ]n-eymN irXwkm

ku-{Zw-Pz-c-Im-kLv\w kzcy-ss-X {]tbm-P-tb

54

Ipdp-tmn thcv, Hmcn-e-th-cv, aqhn-e-th-cv, sNdp-h-Zn\n thcv, shh-gp-Zn-\n-thcv Ch kaw FSpp Fn--cn sh-n Ijmbw shp Ipdpn \men-sem-m-n-sb-Spp Acnp AXn \men-c-n-]mepw ]mens Fn-sem-cp-`mKw Npv, apn-cn, Cu---gw, s\v, Xnen Chbpw tNp hopw ]mIw sNbvXp ]mem-bm-se-Sp--cnp XWn-m tX\pw tNv D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. CXv Pzcw, Imkw, kzc-t`Zw Fn-hsb iann-p--Xm-Ip-p.

BPky ]b-k-sshw {]tbmtKm PmwK-em-ckmx

bpjmw NWIm apZm-Km-ap-Ip-jvSm-tm] I]n-Xmx.

55

ta]-d-Xp-{]-Imcw Xs Bn ]m, PmwK-e-amw-k-c-kw. NW--b-cv, sNdp-]-b-cv, a--]-bdv Fnh shq-n-sb-Sp ckw Fn-hbpw D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Ip-p.

PzcmWmw ia-\otbm bx ]q-apx {Inbm-hn[nx

bvaoWmw Pzc-Zm-tljp kknx {Ni-ky-tX.

56

apv Pzc-Nn-In--bn Pzc-v kwi-a-\-{In-bm-hn[n ]d--Xn s\v IqSn tNp cmP-b-vam-tcm-Kn-p-m-Ip Pzc-Zm-l--fn {]tbm-Kn-p-Xv \-Xm-Ip-p.

I^-{]-tktI _e-hm ssjvan-I-ivO-tb-cx

]b-km-^-e-bp-t\ a[p-tI\ ctk\ hm

kn-ivaXym bhmKzm hm hmc-\otbm ]kn-bm

hmt ƒ  Imte-e-Lz--am-Z-ZoX kZo-]\w

bh-tZm-[q-a-am-[zoI kn[vam-cn-jvS-kp-cm-k-hm

PmwK-em-\nN iqeym\n tkh-am\x I^w Ptb.

57

hmbn \nv I^w IqSp-X-embn ]pd-tv hcp b-tcKn _e-hm-\m-sW-n Ahs\ On-n--Ww. ]men ae-m-c Acp tNXp sImSptm Cc-n-a-[pc Ijm-b-n ae-m-c Acp tNXp sImSptm ha-\u-j-[--fnp sh In-bn s\v tNp-sIm-Sptm On-n--Ww. On-n--Xn-\p--tijw Blm-c-Im-e-n AXm-bXv hni-p-m-bm Zo]-\-{Z-hy- tNp-m-nb eLp-hmb Blmcw sImSp--Ww. bhw, tKmX-w, am[zo-I-a-Zyw, ko[p-a-Zyw, Acn-jvTw, kpcm-a-Zyw, Bkhw, iqe-n Ipn Xo-\-en thhnp PmwK-e-amwkw Fnh D]-tbm-Kn-m I^s Pbn-pw.

tjvatWm ƒ Xn{]-tk-tI\ hmbpx-t-jvam-W-a-kyXn

I^-{]e-e-tk-IwXw hnZzm kv\nKvtm-jvtW-ss\h \n-tb.

58

I^w IqSp-X-embn ]pd-tv t]mIp--Xp-sImv hmbp tIm]np I^s hopw IqSp-X-embn ]pd-tv hnSp--Xm-Ip-p. B I^-{]-tk-Is Adn-hp ssh-Zy kv\nKv-{]-tbmKw sImpw DjvW-{]-tbmKw sImpw Pbn--Ww.

{Inbm-I^ {]tktI bmh-aymw-sskh {]i-kytX

lrZym-\n-Nm ]m\m\n hmX-Lv\m\y Kpcp-Wn-N.

59

I^--{]-tk-I-n ]d NnIn- Xs Onpw \-Xm-I-p. On-bn lrZy-am--bn-p-Xpw eLp-hm-bn-p--Xp-amb A-]m-\-gpw \-Xm-Ip-p.

{]tb-tWm-]-l-Xm-n-Xzm k]n--aXn kmcytX

{]m]vt\m-Xn-Nmky sshckyw \Nm--a`n \Xn

Xkymo t]\m tbmKm-\-Xn-kmc \n_l-Wm

h{-ip-n-I-cm Ipcym-Z-cpNn {]Xn-_m-[-\m.

60

an-hmdpw b-tcm-Knv An-am-y--ap-m-Ip--Xp-sImv hgp-h-gp-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb AXn-kmcw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. hmbvv cpNn-bn-m-bvabpw Blm-c-n- shdppw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. An-s\-bp b-tcm-Knv An-Zo-]vXn-bp-m-Ip-Xpw AXn-km-cs iann-p-Xpw hmbv iqo--I-cn-p-Xpw Acp-Nnsb t]mp--Xp-amb Huj--[tbmK- {]tbm-Kn--Ww.

k\m-K-c-jvtN-{-bhmx ]mX-hym-kvX-WvUp-emw-_q\m

knmw-b-hmKqw Pom-t-NmtM-cnX {IZm-Pnssax

61

Nppw IpS-I-m-e-b-cnbpw s]mSnp ImSn-sh--n tNp IpSn--Ww. AXv Zln-m ]pfn-bm-cepw tamcpw Ddp-am--ghpw tNp-sh In IpSn-p-Ibpw thWw.

]mTm-hnezmw bam-\o ]mXhyw X{I-kw-bpXw

Zpcm-e`mw irwK-thcw ]mTm kpc-bm-kl

Pw_zm-{a-a[yw hnez kI-]nw k\m-Kcw

kpcm-a-WvtU\ ]mXhy aXn-kmc \nhr-tb

62

63

]mS-n-gv, Iqh-f-m-b, Poc-Iw, Ch kaws]mSnp tamcntNpIpSn--Ww. sImSn-q-h-thcv Npv, ]mS-n-gv Fnh s]mSn-p kpcm-a-Zy-n tNpIpSn--Ww. Rmd]-g-ns Dnse ]cn-v, ]pfn-am--b-n--cnv, Iqh-f-mb, hnfma-c-m-b, Npv Chkaw s]mSnp kpcm-a-Zy-ns sXfn-bn tNp IpSn--Ww. Cu aqv tbmK-fpw AXn-km-cs ian-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

GXm-t\-hN tbmKmw kv{Xo ]mTm-Zo Imc-tbJ-Um

kkq]y [m\ym kkvt\-lm kmm kw{Km-ln-Im ]cm.

64

Cu ]d ]mTmZn aqv tbmK-fpw JU-ap-mn sImSp--Ww. AXm-bXv ]m-TmZn acp-p-I Ijm-b-am-n-sb-Spp AXn sNdp-]-bdv apX-em-b-hpsS [m\y-bq-jhpw s\pw ZmUn-am-Zn-I-fpsS Ahpw tNp-m-p- JUbqjw ae-_--s-bp-m-p-hm Ghpw \-Xm-Ip-p.

thXI kmp\ Pw_q\mw arWmfo IrjvW-K-tbmx

{io]o aZ-b-tym bpYn-Im-bm ]-hm

amXp-epw-Kky [mXIym ZmUn-a-kyN Imc-tb

kvt\lm eh-tWmt]-Xm JUm kw{Km-ln-Im ]cm

65

]pfn-h-n, \oa-cp-Xv, Rmd Ch-bpsS Xfn-cn-e-sIm-p-m-nb Ijm-b-ntem cma-w, apcn- Ch-bpsS Xfn-cn-e-sIm-p-m-nb Ijm-b-ntem Iap-Zv, ap Ch-bpsS Xfn-cn-e-sIm-p-m-nb Ijm-b-ntem ]mS-n-g-ns Xfn-cne Ijm-b-ntem amXfn \mc-I-ns Xfn-cne Ijm-b-ntem XmXncn hr-ns Xfn-cne Ijm-b-ntem Ddp-am--g-ns Xfn-cne Ijm-b-ntem sNdp-]-bdv apX-emb [m\y- ]mIw sNbvXp Dun-sb-Sp ck-n s\pw I]n--Zm-Un-am-Zn-I-fpsS ]pfn-c-khpw Dpw tNp JUw Dm--Ww. Cu Ggv JU-fpw Ghpw ae-_-s Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p.

NmtM-cym-p-{In-Im-bm ZpKvn-Im-bm Imc-tb

JUm Z[n-k-tcm-t]-Xm kkn-jvIm kZm-Un-am.

66

]pfn-bm-c, A-th-X-kw, InWn-In-W-me Fn-h-bpsS Ce-sImv Ijm-b-ap-mn AXns shhpw s\pw Ddp-am--g-c-khpw tNp bYm-hn[n JU-ap-m-p-Ibpw sNmw.

amwk-t\mw-e-Lp-]m-It\mw ckmx kw{Kml ssIcypXmx

hyRvP-\mw {]i-kyt t`mZymw c-im-ebx

67

apb apX-emb Ffp--n thhp--Xmb amwk-c-k-n Iqh-f-mb apX-emb kw{-]m-lI {Zhy- tNp AXn-km-c-ap btcmKn Idn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-pXv \-Xm-Ip-p. Intbm tNmtdm Dm-p-hm sNs--cnbpw \-Xm-Ipp.

ncm-Zn-]--aq-te\ ]mt\ ikvXw irXw-Pew

X{Iw-kp-cm-k-Np-{IoIm ZmUn-a-kym-Yhm ckx.

68

Hmcn-e-th-cv, aqhn-e-th-cv, sNdp-h-Zn-\n-th-cv, shhgp-Zn-\n-th-cv, sRcn-n Fn-h-sIm-p-m-nb Ijm-b-shw AXn-km-c-ap b-tcm-Knv IpSn-p-hm \-Xm-Ip-p. AYhm tamtcm ]pfn-h-n-mb tNp-m-nb kpctbm Ddp-am-gcktam IpSn-p-hm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw sNmw.

CXypw `n-i-IrXmw Zo]\w {Kmln-t`jPw

hym-ayqzw cpNo-Icw apJ-ssh-cky \mi-\w.

69

b-tcm-Kn-bpsS AXn-km-c-n\pw Zo]-\-i-n-bp-m-p-hm\pw aes {Klnp \np-hm\pw D Huj-[- C{]-Imcw ]d-b-s-p. C\n apJ-ns (hm-b-bp-sS) hnc-k-Xsb t]mp-hm\pw cpNnsb Dm-p-hm\pw D Huj-[-sf ]dp Xcmw tIp [cnp sImp-I.

ZzuImeu Z-]-h\w -tbap-J-[m-h\w

XZz {]m-f-tb-Zmkw [mc-tb Ih-f-{K-lm

]ot_-qaw XtXm-ar-jvS-a-ZymZv Zo]-\-]m-N\w

t`jPmw ]m\-a---ln-X-an-jvtSm] I]n-Xw.

70

cmhn-tebpw cm{Xnbpw ]v XpSp hrn-bm-p-Ibpw apJw Igp-Ip-Ibpw thWw. AXp-t]m-e-Xs hmbv hrn-bm-p-Ibpw Ih-f-[m-cWw sNp-Ibpw [qa-]m\w sNp-Ibpw thWw. AXn--\p-tijw Zo]-\hpw ]mN-\hpw kz-hp-am-bn-p Huj-[- tkhn-p-Ibpw a\-kn-\n-jvS-ap-Xpw hrn-bp Xm-dm-n-b-Xp-amb A-]m-\- D]-tbm-Kn--Ibpw thWw.

XzMvap-kvX-taem [m\ym\n apkvX-am-a-eIw XzNw

Zmo-Xz-tNm-b-am-\oN tXtPmlzm ]n-eo-XYm

bam-\o-Xn-nSo I ]sstX aqJ-[m-h\mx

tmI-]m-tZjz `nlnXm tcN\m apJ-tim-[\mx

KpUnImw [mc-tb-Zmtky Nqssm tim[-tbapJw

Gjm-am-tem-Un-Xm-\m [mc-tb Ih-f-{K-lm.

71

1-C-h-hw-Kw, ap-, Ge--cn, sIm-m-e-cn, 2-ap--, s\n-, Ce-hw-Kw, 3-a-c-a--tm-ev, Ab-tam-Z-Iw, Ce-hw-Kw, An-n--en, Xn-en, 5-A-b-tam-Z-Iw, ]pfn-thtm-ev, Cu tmI ]mZ--sf-smv ]d-b-s 5-tbm-K- Ijmbw shp hmb Igp-In-bm hmbvv cpNnbpw hmb ipn-bm-hp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ip-p. Cu tbmK- Kpfn-I-bmn hmbn [cn-p-Itbm s]mSn-bmn hmbn-enp XpS-p-Itbm Acp sh-n Ien Ih-f-[m-cWw sNp-Itbm sNmw.

kpcm-am-[zoI ko[q\n ssXeky a[p kntjmx

Ih-fm [mc-tb-Zn-jvSm octky pc-k-kyN

72

kpcm-a-Zyw, am[zo-I-a-Zyw, ko[p-a-Zyw, Fs Ch-bn {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-ambn tX\pw s\pw tNtm ]mev, Icn-n \ocv Ch-bn-te-sX-n-eptam tcmKn-n-jvS-ap-Xv hmbn Ihn-fp-hm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Wv.

bam\ow Xnn-So-I \mKcw km-th-Xkw

ZmUnax _Z-c-mw Imjn-I-tm] I]-tb

[m\y-ku-h-em-PmPn hcmwm-ImjnIw

]n-en\mw issX-I tZzitX acn-N-kyN

i-cm-bm NXzmcn ]em-t\y-I{X Nq-tb

Pnlzm-hn-ti-[\w lrZyw Xqw `-tcm-N\w

lrol ]miz-iq-eLv\w hn_-m-\ml \mi\w

Imk-izm-k-_cw {Kn-{K-l-Wytim hnIm-c-\p.

bam-\o-j-tU-hx.

73

Ab-ta-Z-Iw, tImp-fn, Npv, ]pfn-h-n-m-b, Ddp-am--gw, DW-nb e-pcp Ch Hmtcmpw aqv Ig-n-hoXw sIm-m-e-]n, kuhe eh-Ww, Poc-Iw, Ce-ewKw Ch H--c-I-g-n-hoXw Xnen F  100 Ipcp-ap-fXv Fw 200, ]-kmc ]ew 4, Ch-sbmw IqSn s]mSnp Nq-am-n-sb-Sp--Ww. B Nqw \mhns\ iqn-bm-p--Xpw lrZy-hpw, ol, hmcn- Fn-hn-S--ense thZ-\sb l\n-p-Xpw ae-_-w, hbdv hov Fn-hsb \in--n-p-Xpw Imk-izm-ks Cm-bva-sN-p-Xpw aes kw{K-lnp \np-Xpw {Kl-Wn-tbbpw Aint\bpw \in-n-p--Xp-am-Ip-p.

Xmeo-k-]-{Xw acnNw \mKcw ]neo ip`m

btYm-cw `mK-hrym XztKte Nm-`m-KntI

]n-ey-jvS-KpWm Nm{X {]tZ-bm-knX icm

Imk-izm-km-cp-Nn-lcw Xqw Zo]-\w-]cw

lr]mp {Kl-Wo-tZmj timj-o-l-Pz-]m-]lw

hay-Xo-kmc iqeLv\w aqV-hm-Xm\p tema\w

I-tbZv KpUn-Im-ss-X-qw ]zm kntX-]emw

KpUnIm lrn-kw-tbmKm qLv\Lp Xcm-kvar-Xm.

Xmeo-kmZyw Nqw KpUn-Im-N.

74

Xmeo-k-]-{Xw, 1-`m-Kw, Ipcp-ap-fIv 2-`m-Kw, Npv 3-`m-Kw, Xnen 4-`m-Kw, apf-qcw 5-`m-Kw, Ce-hwKw Ac-`mKw, Ge-cn Ac-`m-Kw, Xn-en-bpsS Fn-cn AXm-bXv 32--`mKw ]-kmc Ch-sbmw IqSn Nq-am-n-sb-Sp--Ww. B Nqw Imkw, izmk-tcm-Kw, AcNn Fn-hsb \in-n-p-Xpw AXyw Zo]-\-i-n-bp-m-p-Xpw lrt{Zm-Kw, ]mp-tcm-Kw, {KlWo-tZm-jw, ol-tcm-Kw, Pzcw Fn-hsb \in--n-p-Xpw On, AXn-km-cw, iqe Fn-hsb \in-n-pXpw Duz-hm-Xs A\p-tem-a-am-p-Xpw BIp-p. ]-kmc ]mhv Imn AXn Cu Nq-anv Kpfn-I-bm-nbpw D]-tbm-Kn-mw. An-bn ]mIw-sN-p--Np-sImv KpfnI Nq-t-m eLp-Xz-ap--Xm-bn-cn-pw.

ipjyXmw oW-amw-km\mw I]n-Xm\n hn[m-\-hn

ZZym amwkmZ amwkm\n _rwl-Wm\n hnti-jXx

timjntW _lnWw ZZym _lni-_vtZ\ Jm ]cm

Kr{m \Ip-em `mkmw hn[n-h kq]-I]n-Xm

ImImw-kvXn-ncn i_vtZ\ hn-i-_vtZ\ tNmcKm

kw`r-jvSm ay-i-_vtZ\ ZZymKp ]-Zm-\]n

tem]m-Im qe \Ip-em hnUm-emw-tm] I]n-Xm

irKme imcmw `njIv ii-_vtZ\ Zm]-tb

knwlm\r mwkvX-c-qw hym{Lm-t\hw hn[mw-kvXYm

amwkm-Zm arK-i-lvtZ\ ZZym amwkm`n hrtb

KP-J-UvKn-Xp-cw-KmWmw thi-hm-co-IrXw `njIv

ZZym alnj ilvtZ-\-amwkw amwkmZn hr-tb.

75

amwkw bn b-tcm-Knv amwkw D]-tbm-Kn--hm-\-dn-bp sshZy amwkw Xnp Pohn-I-fpsS amwkw sImSp--Ww. amwkmZn amwkw hnti-jnpw _rwl-W-am-Ip-p. b-tc-Knv apb-ens amwkw sImSp--Ww. AYhm Igp-I, Iocn, `mk-n Fn-h-I-fp-sS amwkw hn[n-{]-Imcw ]mIw sNbvXp abn-ens amwk-am-sWv ]dp sImSp--Ww. Ign-I apX-em-b-h-I-fpsS amwkw tcmKnv a\-n\v ]nSn-n-s-n a\w ]nc-p-Ibpw On-p-Ibpw sNp-sa-p--Xp-sIm-mWv t]cv amn ]dp sImSp--W-sav ]d--Xv. Xnn-cn-p-n-t-Xm-sWv ]dp ]mns amwkhpw Rmq-ens amwkhpw \-hw hdpp ay-am-sWv ]dp sImSp-p-Ibpw thWw. henb Ipdp-, henb Iocn, ]q, Ipn-p-dp- Fn-h-I-fpsS Cdn hn[n-{]-Imcw ]mIw sNbvXp sshZy apb-ens CdnbmsWv ]dp sImSp--Ww. CXp-t]m-se-Xs knwlw, Ic-Sn, sNdp-]p-en, ]pen apX-em-b amwkw Xnp Pohn-I-fpsS amwkw am\n-s-amw-k-am-sWv ]dp b-tc-Kn-bpsS amwkw hn-p-hm-\mbn sImSp--Ww. B\, Imm-ar-Kw, IpXnc Fn-h-I-fpsS amwkw \-hw sImn-\p-dpn th-hn-[-n akm-ebpw tNp ]mIw sNbvXp sshZy t]mns amwk-am-sWv ]dp b-tcm-Kn-bpsS amwkw hn-p-hm-\mbn sImSp--Ww.

amwtk-t\m-]-NnXmwKm\mw amwkw amwk-I-cw-]cw

XovtWmjvW emL-hm kvXwhn-ti-jm arK-]-nWmw

amwkm-\n-bm\y \nym\n kpkzm-Zq\n {]tbm-P-tb

tXjq-]-[m-kpJw t`mpw XYm-i-Iym-\n-Xm-\nln

Ptb PpKp]vkmw ss\hm-Zym--Kmw hm ]p\-cp-n-tJ

Xkvam ktZym] knm\n amwkmt\y Xm\n-Zm-]-tb.

76

amwk]pjvSn-bpXmb ]n-ar-Km-Zn-I-fpsS amwkw amwks hn--n-p-hm D-a-am-Ip-p. Ch-I-fpsS amwkw XovWhpw DjvWhpw eLp-hp-am-b-Xp-sImv hnti-jnpw \-Xm-Ip-p. amwk--sfmw bmsXmcp \nbpw IqSmsX \ cpNn-tbm-Sp-IqSn D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. \ny-amb amwk-am-bmepw t]cv adnp ]d-m kpJ-ambn Xnp-hm Ign-bp--Xm-Ip-p. \ny-amb amwk-am-sW--dn-m tcmKn Xnp-I-bn-. AYhm Xnp-I-bm-sW-n Xs ]nnSv On-p--Xm-bn-cn-pw. AXp-sImv Igp-I apX-em-b-h-bpsS amwkw sImv hv kzIm-cy-ambn ]mIw sNbvXp s]sp Xs abn apX-em-b-h-bpsS amwk-am-sWv ]d-p-sIm-Sp--Ww.

inJn-Xn-ncn ZmWmw lwkm\mw kpI-tcm-jv{Stbmx

JctKm aln-jm-Wm--amwkw amwk-I-cw-]cw

tbm\n-c-jvS-hn[m t{]mm amwkm\ma ]m\ntI

Xmw]-coy `njKv hnZzm ZZym amwkm\n timjn-tW.

77

abn, Xnn-cn--n, tImgn, Ac-b-w, ]n, H-Iw, Igp-X, Imf, t]mv Fn-h-I-fp-sS amwkw Ghpw amwks hn-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. kq{X-m-\-n A-]m-\m-ym-b-n amwk--fpsS Fp-hn-[-n-ep D-h-m\w ]d-n-p-v. Ahsc ]co-n--dnp hnZzm-\mb sshZy b-tcm-Kn-t-XmWv tbmPnsXv B amwkw sImSp--Ww.

{]k-lm-`q-i-bm-\q] hmcnPm hmcn-Nm-cnWx

Blm-cmw {]tbm-hym am{Xbm hmX-tim-jntW

{]Zp-Zm-hn-jvIn-cm-ssh [\z-Zm arK-ZznPmx

I^-]n--]-co-Xm\mw {]tbmPymx timj-tcm-KnWmw

hn[n-h kq]-kn-m\n at\m-m\n arZq-\nN

ck-h-n-kp-K-o\n amwkm-t\y-Xm\n Zm]-tb.

78

{]k-lw, `q{i-bw, B\q-]w, hmcn-Pw, hmcn-Nm-cnWw Fo Ap hn[-n-ep ]n-ar-Km-Zn-I-fpsS amwkw Blm-cm-ambn DNn-X-amb am{X-bn hmX-{]-[m-\-amb b-tcm-K-n {]tbm-Kn--Ww. ({]-k-lm-Zn-I-fpsS hnh-cWw kq{X-m\w 27-mw Aym-b-n hnh-cn-n-p-v.) {]Xp-Zw, hnjvIn-cw, PmwKew Fo aqv hn[-n-ep ]n-ar-Km-Zn-I-fpsS amwkw I^-]n {][m-\-amb b-tcm-Knv {]tbm-Kn--Ww. hn[n-{]-Imcw ]mIw sNbvXpw hrn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw arZp-hm-nbpw \ ck-nepw kpK--tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw amwk--sf tcmKnv sImSp--Ww.

amwk-ta-hm-iv\Xx timtjm-am-[znIw ]n_tXm ƒ ]nhm

\nb-X-kym] Nnky Nncw-Imtb \Xn-jvTXn

hmcp-Wo-a- \nXyky _lnam\ tkhn\x

Ahn-[m-cnX thKky bvam-\-e-`-tX-_-ew.

79

amwkw-Xs Xnp-Ibpw am[zo-I-aZyw IpSn-p-Ibpw B-\n-b-{-W-ap-m-hp-Ibpw DZm-c-a-\-n-Xn-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNp--hs ico-c-n bw hf-sc-mew \ne-\np-I-bn-. hmcp-Wo-aw kZm-io-en-p-Ibpw _ln`mZKw hrn-bm-n-sh-p-Ibpw hmX-hnaq-{XmZn thK- XSpp shm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h\v cmP-b-vam-tcmKw in-bmbn Dm-Ip--X-.

{]kmw hmcpWow ko[p-a-cn-jvSmt\mkhm a[p

bYml-a\p ]m\mw ]nt_amw-km\n `-tb

aZyw-ssX-vsWujyWy sshiZy kqva-Xzm t{kmXkmw-apJw

{]a-y-hn-hr-tWm-Xym-ip-X tamm k]vX-[m-Xhx

]pjy-n-[mXp t]mjv io{Lw-timjx {]im-a-Xy.

80

{]k--a-Zyw, hmcp-Wo-a-Zyw, ko-[p-a-Zyw, Acn-jvSw, Bk-hw, tX Ch-bn-te-sX-nepw Al-X-s-Xv A\p-]m-\-ambn IpSnp b-tcmKn amwkwXn-Ww. aZyw, XovWw, DjvWw, hni-Zw, kqvaw Fo KpW--tfmSp IqSn-b-Xm-b-Xp-sImv AXv _em t{kmtXm-ap-J-sf W-n Xpd--s--Xm-Ip-p. t{kmtXm-ap-J-sf Xpd--s-Sp--Xp-sImv ckmZnk]vX[mXp-fpw ]pjvSn-s-Sp--Xm-Ip-p. k]vI-[m-Xp-fpw ]pjvSn-s-Sp--XpsImv b-tcmKwW-n ian-p--Xm-Ip-p.

amwkm-Z-amwk kzctk knw-knx {]tbm-P-tb

ku{Zw ]bkm knw kn Zi-Kp-tW-\hm

knw a[p-c-ssI {Z-ssh Zi-aqe Ijm-bIx

oc-amwk ctkm-t]-ssXLrXw timj-l-cw-]cw

]neo ]n-eo-aqe Nhy-Nn-{XI \mKsscx

kbm-h-iq-ssI, kosscx t{kmXkmw tim[-\w-LrXw

cmkv\m-_-em-tKm-p-cIw ncm-hjm`p km[n-Xw.

81

amwkw Xnp Pohn-I-fpsS amwk-c-k-n s\p-mn b-tcmKn tkhn--Ww. AYhm s\ns ]n-cn ]m tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp- s\n tX tNp tkhn--Ww. Zi-aq-e-I-jm-b-n Poh-\o-b-KWw Iev-amn s\ns \men-cn ]mepw A{X-Xs amwk-c-khpw tNp kvt\l-]m-I-hn-[n-{]-Imcw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\v bs \in-n-p-hm Ggpw \-Xm-Ipp. Xn-en, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, Npv, Nhmcw Ch Iev-amn s\ns \men-c-n-]mepw tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\v t{kmX-p-Iv ipn hcpp--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs Ac-, Ipdp-tm-n-thcv Fnh Iev-amn s\ns \men-cn ]mepw tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\pw t{kmtXm tim[-\sb sNp--Xm-Ip-p.

Poho ]n-eo-K`w kocw timj-\p-ZvLrXw

bhm-tZzmhm ]nt_am{Xmw enlymZzm a[p-\m-klx

knm\mw knjm tajm aZym-Z-t-\-hm-kl

ipjy-Xm-taj \nnjvtSm hn[n-cm-`y-h-lm-cIx

82

s\psS \men-semv AS-]-Xn-bIn-gpw Xn-enbpw IqSn Ievw tNp s\psS \men-cn ]mepw tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp- s\v bs \in-n-p--Xm-Ipp. Cu s\p-I-sfmw Xs DNn-X-amb am{X-bn In-bn tNp IpSn-p-Itbm tX tNp-]-tbm-Kn--Itbm sNmw. Cu \nt-in--s-Xv b-tc-Kn-p A-]m-\-hn-[n-bm-Ip-p.

_lnx kv]i\ am{inXy {]h-yman ]cw-hn[nw

oc-kvt\-lmw_p tImjvtTXw k`p--ah Kml-tb

t{kmtXm-hn-_ tammw _e-]p-jvSym tahN

Dow an{issIx kvt\sslx ]p\-cmssx kpssJx Isscx

arZv\o-bm kpJ-am-ko\ kpJ-tm kZm-tb--cw.

83

C\n _ln am-\s kw_-n-p hn[n-]-d-bmw. b-tcm-Knsb N-\mZn ssXew apX-em-bh \-hw tXnp ]mepw s\pw shhpw IqSn \nd ]m{X-n apn Ccpn Ah-Km-l-tkzZw sN-Ww. A-S-p-t]mb t{kmX-p-I Xpd-p-hm\pw _ehpw ]pjvSnbpw Dm-p-hm\pw Ah-Kmlw \-Xm-Ip-p. apn-bn-cp-n-b-Xn \nv Fgp-t--Xn-\p-tijw kpJ-am-sbmcp Znn-en-cpn hopw an{i-I-kvt\lw tZl-n ]pcn kpJ-ambn Iv sImv XS-h-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw tZl-n ]pc-nb kvt\l-{Zhyw s]mSn-bnp Xncpn XpS-p-I-f-bp-Ibpw thWw.

Pohow iX-ho-cym hnIimw k]q-\hmw

AizK-m-a]m amw Xmcow a[p-Iw-_emw

hnZmcow kj]w IpjvTw Xp-em-\-X-eo^ew

amimw-kvXn-emw hnezm k-ta-I-{X-Nq-tb

bh-Nqw ZznKp-WnXw Z[v\m-bpw kam-nIw

GX-Zpkm-Z\w Imcyw h--]pjvSn _e-{]-Zw.

DZz\w

84

AS-]-Xn-bIn-g-v, iXm-h-cn-n-g-v, ]qh-w, Xgp-Xm-a-th-cv, Aap-p-cw, IS-em-Sn, hgp-Zn-\n-th-cv, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, ]map-Xp-n Ing-v, ISp-Iv, sImw, DW--e-cn, AX-kn-p-cn, Dgp-v, Fv, Iqhfw thcv Ch kaw s]mSn s]mSp-bpsS cn-cn bh-Nqhpw tNp ssXcpw Aev]w tX\pw tNp tbmPn-np ico-c-n tXp sahpp If-bp-hm-\p-]-tbm-Kn--Ww. Cu Dm-Z\w ico-c-n\v hw, ]pjvSn, _ew Fn-hsb Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p.

Kuc-kj] It\ Kss-m]n kpK-n`nx

kv\mbm-ZyXp kpssJ-kvtXm-ssb Poh\n bujss[x irXx

Kssx kamsseyhm tkm-`n `qj-ssW hn`q-jnXx

kv]rim kwkv]riy kw]q-Py-tZ-hXmx k`n-jvKvZznPmx

CjvS-h ck-kv]i K-h ]m\-`m-P\w

CjvS-an-jvssS-cp-]-lrXw lnX-a-Zym kpJ-{]Zw

kam-Xo-\mXn [m\ym\n I]-\o-bm\n ipjyXmw

eLp-\y-lo\ hocymWn Xm\n ]y-X-am-\nN

btm-]-tZ-ytX Inn X-oW NnIn-ntX

bvan-W-kvX {]tbm-hyw _e-amw-kmZn hr-tb.

85

Poh-\o-bu-j-[--fnp NqSm-nbsh-n sh--SpIpw kpK--{Z-hy-fpw Acp tNp Dkm-Z-\m-\-cw Ipfn--Ww. Ipfn-p shw EXp-t`-Z-n-\-\p-k-cnv ioX-Im-ev NqSm--nbpw DjvW-Im-ev XWp-npw D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. kv\m\m-\-cw kpK--{Z-hy--sf-smv te]\w sNbvXp ame-I-tf-smpw B`-c-W--sf-smpw icocw Ae--cn--sp ]ip, kzw apX-em-b-hsb sXmp-h-np CjvS-tZ-h-X-tbbpw sshZy-t\bpw {_m-W-t\bpw ]qPn-nv a\-n-s\ms h--c-k--kv]i--K--tmSp IqSnb A-]m-\- CjvS-ap Idnbpw Iqnthp-{X kpJ-am-bn-I-gn--Ww.b-tcm-Knv Hcp sIm-n IqSp-X ]g-In-bXpw eLp-hm-bn-p-Xpw hocyw \in-m--Xp-amb [m\y- Ghpw\-Xm-Ip-p. X-oWNnIn--bn ]d-n-p A-]m-\m-Zn-Ifpw b-tcm-Kn-bpsS amwkhpw _ehpw hn-p-hm-\mbn {]tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Ip-p.

A`yw-tKmkm-Zss\x kv\mss\-c-h-Km-ssl hnamss\x

hkvXn`nx {Xoc-kn`nx amwssk amwk-c-ssk-Zs\

CjvssS assZy at\m-m\mw Km\m ap]-tk-hss\x

bYp-hn-lnssXx kv\mss\ hmtkm-`n-c-lssXx {]nssbx

kplrZmw ca-Wo-bm\mw {]a-Zm-\m Ziss\x

ZoX-hm-Zn{X i_vssZ {]nb-ipXn `otc-hN

lj-Wm-izm-k-ss\ \nXyw Kpcp-Wm-ap-]-tk-hss\x

{_-N-tcyW Zmt\\ X]km tZh-Xmss\x

ktXy-\m-NmctbmtKW awK-ssf-c]y lnwkbm

sshZy-hn-{]m-\m-ssh tcmK-cmtPm \nh-tX.

86

A`y-tKmkm-Z-\--sf-smpw kv\m\m-h-Kml hnam-\--sf-smpw hkvXn-{In-b-sImpw oc-knv sImpw amwkw, amwk-c-kw, tNmdv Fn-h-I-sf-smpw CjvS-ap aZyw-sImv a\-kn\v lrZy-amb K- Bkz-Zn-p--Xp-sImpw EXp-hn-ln-X-amb kv\m\-sImpw a\-n-\n-W-nb hkv{X-[m-cWw sImpw kplr-p--tf-bpw ca-Wo-b-amb hkvXptfbpw bph-Xn-I-tfbpw ImWp--Xp-sImpw {]nb-ap kwKo-X-hm-ZymZn i_vZ- tIp--Xp-sImpw ktm-j-ap-m-Ip--XpsImpw Biz-kn-n-p--Xp-sImpw Ftmgpw Kpcp-\m-Ys ASp-n-cn-p--Xp-sImpw {_-N-cym-Zm-\w, X]-v, tZh-Xm-]q-P, kXyw, Ipem-Nm-cw, awK-f-Iw, Alnw-k, sshZy-]q-P, {_m-W-]qP Fn-h-I-sf-smpw cmP-b-vamhv \in-p--Xm-Ip-p.

bbm-{]-bp--bm-tNjvSym cmP-bv-am-Xptcm \ncpIv

XmwthZ hnlnXm anjvSn-cm-tcm-Kymw {]tbm-P-tb.

87

bmK-I- sNp--Xp-sImpw cmP-b-vam-Xp-c tcmK-ap--\m-Ipw. thZ-n ]d-n-p Acw bmK-I- cmP-bvamtcmKn-bpsS Btcm-Kymw {]tbm-Kn-tXm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv ssZh-hy-]m-{i-b-amb NnIn--IqSn sN-W-sa-w.

X{X-tmIu

{]mKp-n \nZm-\m\n {]mKv cq]w cq]-{Klx

kam-kmZn hymk-X-tmw t`jPw cmP-b-vaWx

\ma-tlXp ckm-yXzw kmyXzw Ir{O-km-yXm

CXypx kw{Klx Irkvt\m cmP-bva NnIn-n-tX.

88

cmP-b-vam-tcmKw BZy-am--bp-m-Ip-hm-\p Imc-Ww, AXns ]q-cq]w Fnh Npcp--nepw NnIn-Xvk hnkvX-cnpw ]d-b-s-p. cmP-b-vamhv F t]cv hcp-hm-\p Imc-Ww, Akm-y-X, kmyX Ir{-km-yX Fn-hbpw Cu cmP-bvam NnIn--bn Npcp--n apgp-h-\mbn ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p.

CXy-n-thi IrtX-Xt{ Nc-I-{]Xn kwkvIrtX

NnIn-n-X-mt\ cmP-bvam NnIn-n-X-a\mw

AjvStam ƒymbx.

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