Aymbw  13

DZ-c-Nn-InknXw

tmI x

1 - 15

16 - 30

31 - 45

46 - 60

61 - 75

76 - 91

AYmX DZc NnInknXw hymJym-kymax

CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{X-bx.
1

C\n DZc NnInknXw F Aymbs Bt{Xb `K-hm D]-tZ-in--Xp-{]-Imcw Xs AK-\n-thi aljn hnh-cn-p-p-v.

kn hnZym-[-cm-Iot ssIemtk \-t\m-]ta

X]y-am\w X]-kvXo{hw kmm--an-h-nXw

`nj-tKz-Z-hnZw t{ijvTw `nj-tKzZ {]hIw

]p\kpw PnXm-m\ an-thtim ƒ{_hn-ZzNx

`K-h-p-Z-tcZpx-ssJ Zriyt lyn-Xm-\cmx

ipjvI-h{mx IrssiKm-ss{X-cm-[vam-tXm-Zc Ipbx

{]\-jvSmn _em-lmcmx k-tNjvSm kz\o-iz-cm

Zn\mx-{]-Xn-{Inbm `mhm--ltX ƒkp\-\m-Y-h

tXjm-am-b-X\w kwJymw {]m{Kq-]m-Ir-Xn-t`-jPw

bYm-h-t{mXp anNvRman Kpcp-Wm-kay Kocn-Xw.
2

kn-hn-Zym-[-c-m hym]n-p-In-S-p-Xpw \-\-h-\-n\v kZr-i-hp-amb lnam-e-b-n Xma-kn-p--Xmb Xo{h-X-]-kznbpw kmm [-aqnbpw BbptZ ]WvUnX t{ijvT\pw Bbpt-Z-{]-h-I-t{i-jvT\pw Ejn-]pw-K-h-\p-amb ]p\-kp-hn-t\mSv An-th-i C{]-Im-c-ap hmp-I ]d-p. Atbm `K-hmt\ ! a\p-jy-m DZ-c-tcm-Kw-sImv ZpxJn-p--Xmbpw AXv tlXp-hmbn apJw Npn-p-fnpw icocw saenpw DZ-chpw Ipnbpw (tah-bdpw Iogv hbdpw) hopw PT-cm-nbpw _ehpw Blm-chpw \jvS-spw k-hn[ {]hr-n-I-fnepw Ak-a-\mbpw Zo\-\mbpw NnInk-I-sfmpw Inm--Xp-sImv A\m-Y-tc-tmse Imew Ign-p--Xmbpw ImW-s-Sp-p. AXp-sImv DZ-c-tcm-K--fpsS \nZm-\w, kwJy, ]q-cq-]w, e-Ww, Huj[w Fn-h-sbmw hn[n-{]-Imcw AwK-bpsS apJ-n \nv tIp-hm-\m-{K-l-ap-v.

k-`qX lnXm-bjnx intjy-ssWhw {]tNm-ZnXx

k-`q-X-ln-Xw-hmIyw hymlp ap]-N-{I-ta.
3

injy-\mb An-th-i-\m k-hn[ Pohn-Ipw thn C{]-Imcw t{]cn-X-am-b-Xn Bt{Xbaljn k-Po-hn-Ip lnX-I-c-amb hmp-I ]d-bp-hm XpS-n.

An-tZm-jm a\p-jymWmw tcmK-kwLmx ]rY-KznYmx

ae-hrym {]ht hnti-tj-tWm-Z-cm-WnN

atu aen-ss\ `pss-c-]m-Im tZmj-k-bx

{]mWmy ]m\m kwZqjy amKm

cpzm-[-tcm--cm

XzMvamw-km--c-am-KXy Ipn-am-[va-t]-b`riw

P\-b-Xyp-Zcw Xky-tlXpw irWp-k-c--Ww.
4

a\p-jy-mv PT-cm-n-tZm-jw-sImv ae-hrn (hm-Xm-Zn-tZmj h-\-hpw) Dmbn ]te-hn[ tcmK kaq-l-fpw hnti-jnv DZ-c-tcm-K-fpw hn-p-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. aen-\m-lmcw Ign-p-I-sImv An-am-y-ap-m-b-Xn APow tlXp-hmbn kn-X-amb tZmj- {]mW-hm-bp-hn-t\bpw An-tbbpw A]m-\-hm-bp-hn-t\bpw Zpjn-n-nv taevt]mpw Iogvt]mpw D ams XSp Nntbpw amwk-n-sbpw ay-n {]th-inp IqSp-X-embn hb-dns\ honp DZ-c-tcm-Ks Dm-p-p. Atbm An-thim! B DZ-c-tcm-K-ns Imc-Ws eW klnXw ]d-p-Xcmw tIp [cn-p-sIm-p-I.

AXypjvW eh-W-mc hnZm-lyavf Kcm-i-\m

anYym-kw-k-\mZv cq-hn-cp-m-ipNn t`mP-\m

]vfolmtim {Kl-Wo-tZmj Ij-Wm I-hn-{`-am

IvfnjvSm-\ma {]Xo-Im-cmZv cuymZv

thK-hn-[m-c-Wm

t{kmXkmw Zqj-Wm-Zm-am kwtm-`m-ZXn ]qc-Wm

Atim _me-iIr t{Zm[m-Z-{-kv^p-S\ t`Z-\m

AXn-k-n-X-tZm-jmWmw ]m]w IN IpXmw

DZm-cm-Wyp-]-P-tbt am-o\mw hnti-j-Xx.
5

AXyp-jvW-ap Blm-cw, Dv, mcw, Dp-gp-p-m-p Blm-cw, ]pfn, Iqp-hnjw Fnh Ign-p-I-sImpw ha-\-hn-tc-N-\m-Zn-I-fn t]bmZn ]y-{Iaw th-Xp-t]mse ioen-m--Xp-sImpw cqm-lm-cw, hncp-m-lm-cw, Aip-Nn-bmb Blmcw Fnh Ign-p-I-sImpw olm-tcm-kw, Ai-v, {Kl-Wo-tZmjw Fn-h-I-tf-smv icocw saen--Xp-sImpw kvt\l--tkz-ZmZn ]-Iw-hn-[n-{]-Imcw sNm--Xp-sImpw ti-I-c-amb tcmK-v th-Xp-t]mse NnIn-n-m--Xp-sImpw ae--aq-{XmZn thK-sf [cn-p-I-sImpw t{kmX-p-I Zpjn-p-I-sImpw Ba-tZm-jw-sImpw hml-\m-Zn-I-fn Ibdn hnj-a-m-\--fnq-Snbpw addpw bm{X sNbvXp ]bdv IqSp-X Cf-In-b-Xp-sImpw hbdv IqSp-X-embn hop-I-sImpw Ai-p-sImtm Blm-c-nqSn tcmam-Zn-I hb-d-dn Fn-b-Xp-sImtm ae-_--ap-m-Ip--Xp-sImpw Blm-c-nqSn Iv, apv, apX-em-bh hb-d-dn sNp ISame s]mp-Itbm apdn-bp-Itbm sNp--Xp-sImpw tZmj AXn-bmbn Hnp tNcp--hpw ]m]-Iw sNp--hpw hnti-jnv An-am-y-ap--hpw atlm-Z-cmZn DZ-c-tcm-K- Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

pmix kzmZpXm kv\nKv Kphw ]NytX Nncm

`pw hnZ-ly-tX-kw Pom-Pow \th-nN

kltX\m-Xn-ku-lnXy aoj-tm-^ ]mZtbmx

iiz-_-e-tb ƒ t]]n hymbm-ta-izm-k-ar-Xn

hrnx ]pcn-j-\n-Ntb cqtm-Zm-h tlXpIm

hkvXnku cpKm-[vam\w htX ]mSytX ƒ]nN

BX-\y-tX-N-P-Tcw eLzss]t`m-P-ss\-c]n

cmPn-Pa-_-eo-\ti CXn-enwKw `hn-jy-Xmw.
6

hni-n-m-bva, hmbvv a[p-c-c-kw, kv\nKv-Xbpw Kpcp-Xz-ap--Xp-amb Blmcw hfsc knp Zln-p-I, Fv Ign-mepw Dp-gp-p-m-p-I, Zln-Xpw Zln-m-Xpw a\-n-em-Im-Xn-cn-p-I, Ipd--[nIw `Ww Ign-m kln-p-hm Ign-bm-Xn-cn-p-I, Imen Aev]w \ocp-m-hp-I, Aev]-amb _e--b-nepw hymbm-a-nepw Ftmgpw izmkw ap-ep-m-hp-I, aew hb-d-dn Hcp-anp IqSp-tm cq-amb DZm-hw tlXp-hmbn hbdv hop-I, hkvXn-k-n-bn thZ-\, hbdv hov, Aev]hpw eLp-hp-amb Blmcw Ign-mqSn hbdv hn-p-Ibpw apdn-p--Xp-t]m-sebpw hop-Ibpw sNp-I, hb-dns Npfn-hp-I t]mbn hc-I Dm-hpI Ch atlm-Z-c-ns ]q-cq-]-c--W-am-Ip-p.

cqzm-tkz-Xmw_p hmln-\n-tZmjmx t{kmXmwkn knXmx

{]mWm-y-]m-\m kwZq-jy-P-\-b-yp-Zcw \rWmw.
7

Hcp-anp IqSnb tZmj- hnbn-t\bpw Pemw-i-tbpw hln-p t{kmX-p-Isf XS-nv {]mW-hm-bp, PT-cm-n, A]m-\-hmbp Fn-h-Isf Zpjn-n a\p-jy-mv atlm-Z-c-tcm-Ks Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p.

Ipt-cm-[vam-\-am-tSm]x tim^ ]mZ-I-c-kyN

atmƒ nx ivf-W-K-WvUXzw Imiy-tm-Zc e-Ww.
8

hb-dzov, hb-dn-c-, Imen\pw Ibnpw how An-am-yw, Ihn-S-n\v an\p-kXzw icocw saen-bpI Ch atlm-Z-c-ns kmam\y e-W-am-Ip-p.

]rY-IvtZmssjx ka-kvssX ]vfol-_ tXm-ZssIx

kw`-h-yp-Z-cm-WyjvSu tXjmw-enwKw ]rY-Ivir-Wp.
9

hmtXm-Z-cw, ]ntm-Z-cw, It^m-Z-cw, kn-]m-tXm-Z-cw, otlm-Z-cw, tXm-Z-cw, Ptem-Z-cw, Fn-s\ 9-hn-[-n atlm-Z-c-ap-m-Ip-p. Cu 8-hn[ atlm-Z-c--fp-tSbpw e-W- {]tXyIw {]tXyIw tIp-sImI.

cqm ]t`m-P-\m-bmk thtKm-Zm-h IjssWx

hmbpx {]Ip-]nXx IpnlrZzkvXn KpZ-amKx

lXzm-nw-I-^-ap-yb tX\-cp KXn-kvXXx

BNo-t\m-Xyp-Zcw Ptm-kvXz-Mvamw-km--c-am-{inXx
10

cq-X-bp Blm-cw, Aev]m-lm-cw, ITn-\m-zm-\w, ae-aq-{XmZn thK-[m-c-Ww, DZm-h-tcm-Kw, icocw saen-bpI Fn-h-I-tf-smv In, lrZ-bw, hkvXn, KpZw Fn-hn-S--fnse hmbp-tIm-]n Ansb ao-`-hn-n I^s taevt]m-tv \bnv AXp-sImv am-X-S--ap-m-hpI \nanw N-n-sbpw amwk-n-sbpw ay-n {]th-inv a\p-jy-m-cpsS hbdv hZ-[n-p--Xm-Ip-p. CXn-hm-tXm-S-ckw {]m]vXn.

Xky-cq-]m-Wn--Ipn ]mZ-hr-jW izb-Yp-Zc hn]m

S\w A\n-b-XuN hrn-]-{lm-ku. Ipn-]m-c-iziq

temZm-hmw-K-a-]-t`-Z-ipjvI Imk-Imiy-Zu_

eymtcm-N-Im-hn-]mIm At[m-Kp-cpXzw hmX-htmcq

{Xkw-Kx. iymhm-cp-WXzw N \J-\-b\ hZ\ XzMvaq

{Xh kma]n tNmZcx X\zn-kn-X-cmPo kncm-k-Xw

B[vam-X-ZrXn i_vZ-hZv `h-Xn. hmbp-m-t{Xm

z a[ XncyIvN kiqe i_vZ--c-Xn. C

tXyXZv hmtXm-Z-c-anXn hnZym.
11

hmXP atlm-Z-c-ns cq]---h-b-dv, Imev, hrjWw Fn-hn-S--fn tim^w, ]bdv Iodp--Xp-t]mse thZ-\, hbdv Nne-tm hop-Ibpw Nne-tm Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNp-I, hb-dnepw hcn---bnepw thZ-\, DZm-hw, ico-c-n \pdp-n-t\mhv kn-I-fn ]nf-cp--Xp-t]mse thZ-\, hc--Np-a, icocw saen-bp-I, Zp_-e-X, Acp-Nn, Zl-\-p-d-hv, Iog-h-bdv L\w, At[m-hm-bp, aew, aq{Xw Fn-hbvv XS-w, \Jw, Iv, apJw, Nw, aq{Xw, aew Fn-h-Iv Icp-hm-fn \ndtam Nphv \ndtam Dm-hp-I, hb-dn t\cn-bXpw Idp--Xp-amb hc-Ifpw knc-Ifpw Ftmgpw hym]n-p-m-bn-cn-p-I, Imddv \nd tXmk-n-bn \nv Imsddm-gn-bp--Xp-t]m-se-bp i_vZ-ap-m-hp-I, hmbp-th-Z-\-tbmSpw i_vZ-tmSpw IqSn hb-dns taevt]mpw Iogvt]mpw hne--nepw k-cn-pI Ch hmtXm-Zc cq]-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

ISz-avf-h-e-Wm-XypjvW XovWm-ym-X] tkhss\x

hnZm-ly-Pom-y-i-ss\-m-ip-]nw kam-NnXw

{]m]ym-\n-e-I-^u-_zm am-apam-am-nXw

\nl-ym-am-itb hnw P\-b-Xyp-Zcw XXx.
12

Fcp-hv, ]pfn, Dv, AXyp-jvWw, XovWw Fnh IqSp-X-ep Blmcw Ign-p-I-sImpw XoNqSpw shbnepw IqSp-X-embn Gevp-I-sIm-phw Dp-gp-p-m-p Blmcw sImpw APow-sImpw Hcp {]mhiyw XnXp Zln-p--Xn-\p-apv hopw hopw Xnp--Xp-sImpw W-n Hcp-anp IqSp ]nw hmX-tbpw I^-tbpw {]m]np tIm]np taevt]mv t]mbn-\np am-X-S--ap-mn Bam-i-b-n Ansb \in-nv AXv tlXp-hmbn ]ntm-Zcw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

Xky-cq-]m-Wn--Zm-l-Pz-c-kvXrjvWm aqm-Xn-kmcm

Bky-I-SpXzw ]oXXzw \b-\-h-Z-\-XzMv aq{X-hkmw

A]n-tNm-Zcw \oe-]oX Xm{a-lm-cn-{Z-l-cn-X-cm-Pn-kncm

h\w ZlytX ZqbtX [q]ytX Dujvam-btX kznZy

tX IvfnZytX arZp-kv]iw io{L-]mIw `h-Xn. C

tXyX ]n-Z-c-anXn hnZym.
13

]ntm-Z-c-ns cq]---Np-p-\o-d, Pzcw, Zmlw, tamlm-e-kyw, AXn-km-cw, hmb Fcn-bp-I, Iv, apJw, Nw, aq{Xw, aew Fnh a-\n-d-am-bn-cn-p-I, hbdv \oe, a, Xm{aw, Cfw-a-, abpw \oebpw Ie-\ndw Fo h--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb tcJ-Ifpw knc-Ifpw hym]n--Xm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw hb-dn Npp-\o-d, thZ-\, ]pI-p-I-b-d-dw, NqSv, hnbv, \qehv sXmp-t\m--bm arZp-Xzw, W-n ]gp-pI Fn-hbpw Dm-Ip-p. Ch ]ntm-Zc cq]-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

Ahym-bma Znhm-kz-]v\-kz-Zz-Xn-kv\n-KvZ-[-]n-nssex

Z[n-Zp-Kvtm-Z-Im-\q] amwssk-m-]yXn tkhnssXx

{Ipt-\-ti-tf-jva-Wm-t{kmXx kzhrtX jzmhrtXm ƒ\nex

Xtah ]nU-b Ipcym-Zp-Zcw _ln-c--cw.
14

hymbm-a-an-m--Xp-sImpw ]I-ep-d-p-I-sImpw a[p-chpw kv\nKv[hpw hgp-h-gpp--Xp-amb Blm-c- AXn-bmbn ioen-p-I-sImpw ssXcv, ]mev, awbw B\q-]-amwkw Fnh AXn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p-I-sImpw Ip]n-X-amb I^w-sImv Bhr-X-amb t{kmX-p-I-fn hmbp-IqSn Bhr-X-am-hp-Ibpw B hmbp I^s ]oUn-nv Dnepw ]pd-p-ambn DZ-c-hr-n-bp-m-p--Xm-Ip-p.

Xky-cq-]m-Wn--Ku-chm tcmN-Im-hn-]m-Imw-K-amx kp

]vXn]m-Wn-]m-Z-ap-jvtImcp timt^m Ivtfi-\n-{Zm

Im kizmkmx ipIvf-Xz--\-b\ \J-h-Z-\-XmMv aq{X

hkmw A]n-tNm--Zcw ipIvf-cmPn kncm-k-Xw Kp

cpkvXn-anXw ncw ITn\w `h-Xn. CXn ivtfjvtam

Zc-anXn hnZym.
15

It^m-Z-c-ns cq]---Km-{X-Ku-c-hw, AcpNn Zl-\--bw, \pdp-n-t\m-hv, Xcn-v, I Im, hrj-Ww, XpS Fn-hn-S--fn \ocv, a\w-]n-c-, Dd-w, izmk-tcm-Kw, Iv \Jw, Nw, aq{Xw, aew Fn-h-Iv sh-\n-dw, hbdv shfp hc-I-tf-smpw knc-I-tf-smp hySm-]n-n-cn-p-I, hb-dn\v Kpcp-Xzw, XpWn-\-\-n--Xp-t]mse tXmp-I, ncXzw ImTn\yw Fn-hbpw Dm-Ip-p. Ch It^m-Zc cq]-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

Zp_-em-t-c-]-ymZn hntcm-[n-Kpcp t`mP-\m

kv{XoZ-ss--ctPm tema-hnaq-{Xmn \Jm-Zn`nx

hnssj ass hmXvZymx Ip]nXmx k-bw-{Xbx

iss\x tImjvtT{]-Iptm P\-b-yp-Zcw \rWmw.
16

An-_-e-an-m--h\v A]-ym-lm-cw-sImpw hncp-m-lm-cw-sImpw Kpcp-Xz-ap Blm-cw-sImpw ZpjvS-kv{Xo-I-fm hio-I-c-Wmw sImSp--s-Sp B-h-c-w, tcmaw, aew, aq{Xw, An, \Jw Fn-h-I-tfsmpw Zqjo-hn-jw-sImpw Ip]n-X-amb hmXm-Zn-{Xtbm tZmj-fpw hb-d-dn sas-sas Hcp-an-p-tNp Zpjnp a\p-jy-mv {XntZm-j-P-\y-amb atlmZcw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

Xky-cq-]m-Wn--kt-jm-ta-h-tZm-jmWmw ka-kvXm\yp

]e-`yt enwKm-\n-hm kt-\-Jm-Zn-jp. DZc

a]nN \m\m-h-cmPn kncm-k-Xw `h-Xn. CtXyX

 kn-]m-tXm-Z-c-anXn hnZym.
17

{XntZm-j-P-\y-amb atlm-Z-c-ns cq]- hmtXm-Zm-c-npw ]ntm-Z-c-npw It^m-Z-c-npw ]d Fm-hn[ e-W-fpw Hcp-an-p-m-hp-Ibpw \J apJm-Zn-I-fn Fm tZmj--fnepw ]d h- ImWp-Ibpw DZ-c-nepw \m\m-hn[ h--fp tcJ-Ifpw knc-Ifpw hym]np ImWp-Ibpw sNp--XmWv. CXv kn-]m-tXm-Zc cq]-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

AXym-in-Xky kwtm-`mZvbm\-bm-\mXn ZN-jvSnssXx

AXn-hy-hmb `mcm-[z-h-a\ hym[n IjssWx

hma-]mizm-{inXx olm-NypXx m\m {]htX

timWnXw hmc-km-Znt`ym hnhr-wXw hnh-tb

Xky-olm ITn-t\m-\n-cptPm h-am\x I]

kwm\x D]-e-`ytX ktNm-t]-nXx {Ita-W-aIp

nw PT-c-an [njvTm-\ ]cn-o-]-p-Z-c-a`n \n-b-Xn.
18

IqSp-X-embn `Ww Ign--h\v hml-\--fn Ibdn A[n-I-ambn k-cn-pI apX-emb tNjvS-ItfsmpmIp ico-cm-h-b-h--fpsS AXntm`w sImpw AXnssaYp\w, `mcw Npa-, A[n-I-ambn hgn \Sw AXn-h-a\w, tcmK--tf-sm-p-m-Ip icocw saenhv Fn-h-I-tf-smpw CSs ]miz-`m-K-m-bn-n-cn-p ol F Ah-bhw m\p \nv Cf-In-bnv hop hep-Xm-Ip-p. AYhm ckmZn [mXp--fn \nv {Ia-n-e-[n-I-ambn hn cw olsb hep-Xm-n-sbpw hcmw. Ans\bp ol Inpw thZ\ Cm-sXbpw hnp hnp Ba-p-d-ns BIr-Xn-bn-ep-am-bn-cn-pw. AXns\ B Ah-k-c-n NnIn-n-msX Dt]-n-p-I-bm-sW-n AXv sas sas Ipn-tbbpw PT-c-tbpw Ay-[n-jvTm-\-amb {Kl-Wn-m-\-tbpw oWn-np DZ-c-tcm-Ks Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p.

Xky-cq-]m-Wn--Zu_-eym-tcm-N-Im-hn-]mI htm-aq{X

{Kl Xax {]thi ]n]m-kmw-K-a On-aqmwK

kmZ Imk-izmk arZp-Pz-cm-\m-lmn \mi-Imiymky

sshcky hm-`tZmx tImjvtT hmX-iqew Nm]ntNm

Zc-a-cp-W-hw hnhw hm \oe-lm-cn{Z cmPn-a-Zn-Xn.

Gh-ta-h-b-Ir-Z]n Zn-W-]mizw Ipcym Xp

eytlXp enwKu-j-[-t]m. Xky-]vf-ol PT-c-G-htcm

[x. CtXy-XZv bIrXv ]vfotlm-Z-c-anXn hnZym.
19

]vfotlm-Z-c-ns cq]--Zp_-e-X, Acp-Nn, Zl-\--bw, ae-aq-{X-v XS-w, In-cp--S-p-I, Zmlw, \pdp-n-t\m-hv, On, tamlm-e-kyw, Imkw, izmk-tcm-Kw, t\cnb ]\n hbdv hov, An-am-yw, icocw saen-hv, hmbvv cpNn-bn-m-bva, \nd-t`-Zw, hb-d-dn hmX-P-\y-amb thZ\ Chbpw hbdv Acp-W-htam hnIr-Xtam hnIr-X-htam Bbn-cn-p-Ibpw \oe-\n-d-nepw a-\n-d-n-ep-ap hc-I ImWp-Ibpw sNpw. hes ]miz-`m-Kv nXn sNp bIr hrn-sImpw Cu e-W- Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. AXns \nZm-\hpw e-Whpw NnInkbpw otlm-Z-c-n\v Xpey-am-b-Xp-sImv AXns\ otlm-Z-c-ns IW-m--Ww. Ch bIr otlm-Zc cq]-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

]n-_mssex klm-t-\-`p-ss _m-b-t\-KptZ

DZm-hm-kvX-Ymtim`n c{kw aq-t\-\hm

A]m-t\m-am kwtcm-[m-m-Xzmnw

Ip]ntXm ƒ\nex

hx ]n-I-^m cpzm P\-b-Xyp-Zcw XXx
20

Blm-c-tm-Sp-IqSn Ign--s-Sp ]n-bpsS Nnd-Ins tcmaw, a\p-jys tcmaw Fn-h-sImv KpZamw XS-p-t]m-b-Xp-sImpw AYhm DZm-hw-sImpw Ai-p-sImpw hb-d-dn-ep-m-Ip addv tIm]w-sImv KpZ-amw AS-p-s]m-Ip--Xp-sImv Ip]n-X-amb A]m-\-hmbp PT-cm-nsb \in-nv ae-tbpw ]n-tbpw I^-tbpw XS-nv A\-cw DZ-c-hr-nsb Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p.

Xky-cq-]m-Wn--Xr-jvWm-Zm-l-Pz-c apJ-Xmep timtjm

cpkmZ Imk-izm-k-Zu_-eym-tcm-NIm hn]m-I-htm

aq{X-kw-Km-[vam\ On--hYp intcm-lr-m-`nKp

Ziq-em-\n. A]n-tNm-Zcw aqV-hmXw nc-a-cp-\\o

ecmPn kncm-\-a cmPnIw hm {]mtbm \m`yp-]cn

tKm]p--h-Z`n \n-b-Xn. CtXy-XZv _Kp

tZmZ-c-anXn hnZym.
21

_-Kp-tZm-Z-c-ns cq]---Zm-lw, Nqp-\o-d, Pzcw, apJhpw Ampw hc, XpS-X-f, Imkw, izmk-tcm-Kw, Zp_-e-X, Acp-Nn, Zl-\--bw, ae-aq-{X-v XS-w, hbdv hov, On, Xp, inc-nepw lrZ-b-nepw \m`n-bnepw KpZ-nepw thZ\ Fn-h-bp-m-hp-Ibpw hb-d-dn hmbp-KXn apn \nevp-Ibpw hbdv bmsXmcp Ne-\hpw IqSmsX Dd-n-cn-p-Ibpw Acp-W-h-ambpw \oe-h-ambpw D hc-I-fmepw knc-I-fmepw hym]vX-amtbm hc-I-fn-m-sXtbm Ccn-p-Ibpw sNpw. \m`nv apI-fn-embn an-hmdpw ]ip-hn hmens BIrXn Dm-bn-m-Wp-Ibpw sNpw. Ch _-Kp-tZm-Zc cq]-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

i-cm-XrW ImjvTm-n-I--ssI-c kwbpssXx

`ntZy-Xm-{w-bZm `pss Prw`bm-Xy-i-t\-\hm

]mIw-K-tZv ck-kvtX-`y-ivOn-t{S`yx

{]{k-th-Zv_lnx

]qc-b KZ-a{w N P\-b-Xyp-Zcw XXx.
22

Blm-c-tm-Sp-IqSn hb-d-dn Fp Iv, ]pv, sImn--jvWw, An, apv Fn-h-I-tf-smpw AYhm tImp-hm-bn-Sp--Xp-sImpw hbdv \ndv `Ww Ign--Xp-sImpw IS-ens Nne-`mKw ]nfp-t]m-hp-Itbm ]gp-p-Itbm sNpw. IpS-en-ep-m-Ip B On{Z-nqSn ae-cq-]-amb A-c-kcw IpS-ens ]pd-tv {khn-pw. AXv ZpK-n-sbpw IpS-en-sbpw `mKs \nd-p-Ibpw AXn-\p-tijw DZ-c-tcmKw Dm-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ipp tXm-Z-c-ns tlXphpw kw{]m-]vXnbpw C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p.

Xky-cq-]m-Wn--X-Z-t[m-\mt`x {]mtbm h-am-\-apZ

tImZcw kymZyYm _e tZmjmWmw cq]mWn Z

ibXn A]nN BXpcx ktem-ln-X-\oe ]oX-]nn

e IpW-]-K-ym-a-h D]-th-itX lnm-izm-kIm

kXrjvWm {]ta-lm-tcm-NI hn]m-Im-Zu_ey ]co

X `h-Xn. CtXy-X-n-t{Zm-Z-c-anXn hnZym.
23

tXm-Z-c-ns cq]----tXm-Zcw an-hmdpw \m`n-bpsS Xmsg-bmbn hn-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXv IqSp-X-embn hn-m Pe-tem-Z-c-am-Ip-p. tZmj--fpsS cq]- AXmXv tZmj-ns _e-n--\p-k-cnv ImWp--Xm-Ip-p. tcmKn Nph-Xpw \oebpw a-fnpw hgp-h-gp-p-Xpw ih-n\p Xpey-amb K-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw Zln-m--Xp-amb aes ]pd-t-p-hn-Sp--Xm-Ip-p. Fn-, izmk-tIm-iw, Imkw, Zmlw, {]ta-lw, Acp-Nn, Zl-\--bw, Zp_-eX Fn-h-I-fm B{I-an--s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. Ch Ont{Zm-Z-c-cq-]-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww. (Ip-Sev apdn-p-m-Ip--Xn-\m tXm-Z-c-sapw IpS-en\v Zzmc-ap-m-Ip--Xn-\m Ont{Zm-Z-c-sapw ]d-bp-p.)

kvt\l-]o-Xky amtx oW-kymXn Iri-kyN

AXyw-_p-]m-\m-jvtS ƒ uam-cpXx Ivtfmav\yhnXx

t{kmXx kpcp--amtjp I^-tm-ZIaqnXx

hm-bXmw XtZ-hmw_p kzm-\m-Zp-Z-cm-bXu
24

kvt\l-]m\w A\p-jvTn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h\pw An-am-y-ap--h\pw [mXp--bw-sImv oWn--h\pw A[n-I-ambn icocw saen--h\pw IqSp-X-embn shw IpSn-p-I-sImv PT-cmn \jvS-s--Xn tma-n nXn-sN-p hmbphpw Pe-hm-ln-t{km-tXm-am--fn XSp \nevp Pe-m {]hr--amb I^hpw B IpSn--s sh-s-Xs kzm-\-n\nv hn-np DZ-c-tcm-Ks Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. Ptem-Z-c-ns tlXphpw k{m-]vXnbpw C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p.

Xky-cq-]m-Wn--\n-c-Imwm ]n]mkm KpZ-{kmhx iq

ex izmk-Imk Zu_-eym-\n, A]n-tNm-Zcw \m\m-h

cmPo kncm-k-Xw DZ-I-]q ZrXn-kw-tm` kw

kv]iw. CtXy-X--tIm-Z-c-anXn hnZym.
25

Ptem-Z-c-ns cq]---B-lm-c-n B{K-l-an-m-bva, Zmlw, KpZ-n \nv {kmhw, thZ-\, izmk-tcm-Kw, Imkw, Zp_-eX Fn-hbpw hbdv \m\m-h-n-ep hc-I-fm-epw knc-I-fmepw hym]np hbdv sXmp-t\m-n-bm shw \nd tXmkn t]mse-bp-an-cnpw Ch Ptem-Zc cq]-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

X{X ANn-tcm]--a-\p-]-{Z-h-a-\p-ZI ]q-ap-Zcw Xz

cam-W-n-Intk. Dt]-n-Xm\mw tlyjmw tZm

jmx kzm-\m-Z-]-hrm A]-cn-]m-ImZv {Xho-`qXmx

ko t{kmXmwkn tNm]-Ivtf-b-n. tkzZ

_mtlyjpt{kmXkp {]Xn-l-X-K-Xn-kvXncy KhXn

jvTam-\kvX tZthm-Z-I-am-]ym-b-b-Xn. X{X-]ntm

]u-a-WvU-e-ap-Zcw Kpcp-kvXn-an-X-am-tIm-Tn-X-a-i_v

Zwar-Zp-kv]ia ]cn-KX cmPo-I-am-{Imw \m`ym-tathm

]k-Xo-Xn. XtXm-\--c-ap-ZI {]mZp`mhx
26

]pXn-bXpw addv D]-{Z-h-hym-[n-I-sfm-p-an-m-Xpw shw \nd-bm--Xp-amb atlm-Z-cs W-n NnInkn--Ww. NnInkn-msX Dt]-n-m hmXmZn tZmj- kzm-\fn\nv hnp A\y-m-\--fn \nv {]hnp Blm-c- ]mIw hcm--Xp-sImv {Zh-cq-]-n-em-bnv kn-I-tfbpw t{kmtXm-ap-J--tfbpw {Zho-I-cn-p--Xm-Ip-p. hnbpw N-`m-K-p tcma-Zzm-c- AS-p-t]m-hp-I-bm KXn-apn Xncn-p-\np B Pe-s-Xs hn-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. B hn-p Pew hgp-h-gp-p--Xm-bn-cn-pw. AXp-sImv hbdv hrm-Ir-Xn-bmbpw Kpcp-Xz-ap--Xmbpw Cf--an-m--Xmbpw CujtIm-T-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw Xn-t\m-n-bm i_vZ-an-m-sXbpw sXmp-t\m-n-bm am-hhpw hc-I-sfm-p-an-m-sXbpw \m`n-bn Aan-bm taevt]mv hym]n-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ip-p. Cu nXn-bn-em-bm DZ-c-n sh-ap-m-Ipw.

Xky-cq-]m-Wn--Ip-t-cXn am{X-`n-hrnx kncm

m\ Ka-\-ap-ZI ]q-ZrXn kwtm` kakv]

i XZm-Xp-c-ap-]-{Zhmx kv]ri-n-h-ay-Xo-kmc Xa

IXrjvWm izmk-Imk lnm-Zu_ey ]miz-iqem

cpNn-kz-c-t`Z aq{X-kw-Km-Zbx XYm-hn[w ANn-Inkyw

hnZym CXn.
27

DZ-I-{]m-Zp`m-h-ns e-W---h-bdv IqSp-X-embn hop-I, hb-dn knc-I-sfmpw ImWm-Xn-cn-p-I, sXmp-t\m-n-bm shw \nd tXmk-n-c-t]mse Ccn-pI Ch shw \nd e-W-am-Ip-p. CtXm-Sp-IqSn tcmKnv On, AXn-km-cw, Xa-I-izm-kw, Zmlw, Fn Zu_-eyw, ]miz-th-Z-\, Acp-Nn, kzt`Zw aq{X-X-S-w, aqX-emb D]-{Z-h- Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. Cu hn[-n-ep atlm-Z-c-tcm-Knsb NnIn-n-t--Xn-sv a\-n-em--Ww.

`h-n-Nm-{X

hmXm ]nm I^m ]vfox kn-]m-XmXtYm-Z-Im

]cw-]cw Ir{-X-a-ap-Zcw `nj-Km-Zn-ti.
28

hmtXm-Z-chpw ]ntm-Z-chpw It^m-Z-chpw otlm-Z-chpw kn-]m-tXm-Z-chpw Ptem-Z-chpw BZyw ]d--Xn-t\-m ]n-Z-chpw ]n-Z-c-t-m It^m-Z-chpw Fn {Ia-n Ir{-km-y-am-sWv sshZy \nt-in--Ww.

]m-Zv_--Kp-Z-pzw kw PmtXm-ZIw XYm

{]tbm-`-h-Xy-`m-hmb On{Zm-{Z-tm-Zcw \rWmw.
29

an-hmdpw 15--Zn-hkw Ign-m _-Kp-tZm-Zcw ac-Ws Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. Ptem-Z-c-am-bn-o Fm atlm-Z-chpw 15--Zn-hkw Ign-m ac-Ws Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. tXm-Z-chpw 15--Zn-hkw Ignm a\p-jy-mv ac-Ws Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p.

ip\mw IpSn-tem-]--ap-]-I-fm--X\p XzNw

_e-tim-WnX amwkm-n-]-co-o-W h-tb.
30

IIqSv hop-Ibpw ]pcp-j-\m-sW-n enwKhpw kv{Xobm-sW-n tbm\nbpw hf-n-cn-p-Ibpw N-n\v \\hpw t\bpw Dm-hp-Ibpw _ew, cw, amwkw, PT-cmn Fnh IqSp-X-embn oWn-p-Ibpw sNbvX DZ-c-tcm-Knsb hn--Ww. AXv Akm-[y-am-Ipp Fw.

izbYpx k-atmx izmtkm lnm-cp-Nn-kvXYm

aqm On-c-Xo-kmtcm \nl-yp-Z-cnWw \cx
31

lrZ-bmZn k-a--fnepw ho-ap-m-hp-Ibpw izmk-tcm-Kw, Fn-, Acp-Nn, tamlm-e-kyw, On, AXn-kmcw Fn-h-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNp-Xv atlm-Zc tcmKn-bpsS ac-W-n\v Imc-W-am-Ip-p.

Pa-ss\-thm-Zcw kw {]mbx Ir{-X-aw-aXw

_en-\-kvX-Z-Pm-Xmw-_p-bXv\ kmyw \mhm-nXw
32

kz`m-th-\-Xs Fm atlm-Z-chpw an-hmdpw Gd-dhpw Ir{-km-y-am-sW-mWv \n-bw. ico-c-_-ehpw An-_-ehpw kXz-_-ehpw D-h\v Ptem-Z-c-am-bn-nn-n-m-Xpw Bcw-`n-nv A[nIw Ign-n-n-m-t-Xp-amb atlm-Z-cs hfsc {]bm-k-sp NnIn-n-m amd-dm-hp--Xm-Wv.

APm-X-tim-^-a-cpWw ki_vZw \mXn-`m-cnIw

k`m-Kp-U-Kp-Um-hw kncm-Pme Khm-nXw

\v`nw hnjvS`y hmbpkvXp thKw-IrXzm {]W-iyXn

lrm-`n-hw-W ISo KpZ-{]-tXyI iqen\x

I-iw-kr-PtXm hmXw \mXn-a-tN ]mhtI

emebm hnctk Nmtky-aq-t{Xƒ t]-kw-ltX hnjn

APm-tXm-Z-I-an-tXy-ssXbpw hnm-b-e-ssWx

D]-Nm-tc `nj-KvtZmj _e-Ime hnti-j-hn.
33

hbdv A[nIw hom-Xn-cn-p-I, NpIv hw, i_vZ-ap-m-hp-I, IqSp-X `mcw tXmm-Xn-cn-p-I, Fm-bvtmgpw KpUq-KpUp i_vZ-ap-m-hp-I, hb-dn Pme-Iw-t]m-se-bp kncm-Pm-e--fp-m-hp-I, hmbp \m`n-bn Xn-\n-evp-Ibpw ]pd-tv t]mIp-hm {]h-\-am-Ip-tm Cm-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNp-I, lrZ-bw, \m`n, Ib-e, Ac-s-v, KpZw Fn-hn-S--fn {]tXy-Inv thZ-\-bp-m-hp-I, At[m-hm-bphpw aehpw ]pd-tv hnSp-hm hfsc kml-ap-m-hp-I, An IqSp-X-embn ao-`-hn-m-Xn-cn-p-I, hmbn\nv thw Hen-p--Xp-sImv hmb-bpsS ckw hnIr-X-am-hp-I, aq{Xw Aev]-am-bn-cn-p-I, aew ITn-\-am-bn-cn-pI Ch APm-tXm-ZI e-W-am-Ip-p. Cu e-W--tfmSp IqSnb DZ-cs APm-tXm-ZI DZ-c-am-sWv a\-n-em-n-bnv tZmjw, _ew, Imew Fn-h-I-fpsS t`Zs Adn-bp sshZy AXn-\-\p-k-cn hn[-n-ep NnInk XpS--Ww.

hmtXm-Zcw _e-hXx ]qw kvt\tl-cp-]m-Nm-tc

kv\nKvmb tkzZn-Xmw-Kmb ZZym kvt\l-hn-tc-N\w

lrtX-tZmtj ]cn-avfm\w thjvS-tbZv hmk-tkm-Zcw

XYm-kym-\-h-Im-iXzm hmbp\m-[vam-]-tb ]p\x

tZmjm-an-am-t{Xm] Nbm t{kmtXm-amK \ntcm-[-\m

kw`-h-Xyp-Zcw Xkvam-n-I-X-Iy-tah hntc-N-\w.
34

hmtXm-Z-c-n\v tcmKn _e-hm-\m-sW-n BZyw Xs kvt\l-]m-\w-sNbvXp icocw kv\nKvX hcp-Ww th-Xp-t]mse kv\nKvX hm tkzZ-{Inb sN-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw Bh-W-s apX-emb kvt\l {Zhy--tf-smv hntc-Nn-n--Ww. kvt\l-hn-tc-N-\w-sImv tZmj--sfmw ]pd-tv t]mbn--gn-m hbdv XpWn-sImv Npd-dn-sI--Ww. A{]-Imcw sNbvXm ]gp-Xn-m--Xp-sImv hmbp ]ns hb-dns\ hon-p--X-. tZmj- AXn-bmbn Hcp-anp IqSp-I-sImpw t{kmtXm-am-v XSw t\cn-Sp-I-sImpw DZ-c-tcmKw Dm-Ip-p. AXpsImv DZ-c-tcm-Knsb Ftmgpw hntc-Nn-n--Ww.

ipw kwkr-PyN ocw _emw ]mb-tb-qXw

{]mKpIvtf-im-n-hssXy-hw-_te

e_vt[-{I-am]bx

bqssj-c-sskm am-avf-e-h-ssW-tc-[n-Xm-\ew

tkmZm-hw ]p\x kv\nKvw kzn amm-]-tb--cw.
35

kvt\l--tkz-Z--hn-tc-N-\--tf-smv th-Xp-t]mse ipn-h DZ-c-tcm-Knsb aWvU--t]-bmZn kwk\ {Inbm-\-cw _ew hop-In-p-hm-\mbn ]m IpSn-n--Ww. ]m IpSn-p-hm t\mp-tmXs a\w ]nc--ep-m-Ip--Xp-hsc IpSnp \n-Ww. As-n ico-c-_ew hop-In-n-bm {Ia-n ]m \np-Ibpw thWw. AXn-\p-tijw Aev]mev]w ]pfnbpw Dpw tN [m\y-bq-jtam amwk-c-ktam tNp Blmcw sImSpp Ansb hn-n--Ww. Ans\ sNp-tm DZm-h-tZmjw AXm-bXv Ign Blmcw taevt]m-p-Xs hcp tZmj-ap-s-n hopw kvt\l-tkzZw sNp-Ibpw Ijm-b-hkvXn sNp-Ibpw thWw.

kv^pc-Wm-t] kyn ]miz-]rjvT{XnImnjp

Zo]vXmnw _-hn-Um-PmXw cq-a-]y\phmk-tb.
36

AwK-v hnd-bepw FSp-s-dn-bp--Xp-t]m-sebpw Ds-nepw kn-th-Z-\, An-th-Z-\, ]miz-th-Z-\, ]pdw-th-Z-\, \Sp-ssh-Z\ Fn-h-bp-s-nepw An Zo]vXnbpw ae-_-hpw ico-c-cq--Xbpw Ds-nepw kvt\l-hkvXn sN-Ww.

XovWmt[m `mK-bptm ƒky\n-cqtlm Zi-aq-enIx

hmX-Lv\m-amf irssX-cWvU Xne-ssX-em\p hmk-\w.
37

Ijm-b-hkvXn sNt-p tcmKnv XovW-amb At[m-hn-tc-N\ {Zhy- tN Zi-aq-e-I-jmbw sImv Ijm-b-hkvXn sN-Ww. kvt\l-h-kvXn-bmWv sNt--sX-n hmX-l-c-{Z-hy-fpw shp-ImSn apX-emb A-hy-fpw tNp ]mIw-sNbvX Bh-W-s-tbm Fs--tbm-sImv kvt\l-hkvXn sN-Ww.

Ahn-tc-Ny-pbw hnZymZv Zp_ew hn-cw-incpw

kpIp-amcw {]Ir-Xym]-tZmjw hmtYm eh-Wm-\new

Xw`n-jIv iass\x kn bqj-amwk cku-Zss\x

hkvXy-`yw-Km-\p-hm-ssk ossc-tm-]m-N-tc-Zvp[x
38

bmsXmcp hmtXm-Z-c-tcmKn hntc-Nn-n-p-hm ]d-dm--h\pw Zp_-e\pw hr\pw _me\pw kpIp-amc ico-c-{]-Ir-Xn-m-c\pw AYhm Aev]-tZm-j-ap--h\pw hmXw IqSp-X-embn hn--h\pw BsW-n Ahs\ _pn-am-\mb sshZy s\v, [m\y-bq-j, amwk-c-kw, Blmcw Fn-h-I-fn-eq-sS-bp ia-\-{]-tbm-Kw-sImpw Ijm-b-h-kvXn, F-tX-v, kvt\l-h-kvXn, oc-]m\w Fn-h-I-tf-smpw D]-N-cn--Ww.

]ntm-Z-tcXp _en\w ]q-tah hntc-Nm-b

Zp_-e-z-\p-hm-kymZu tim[-tb oc-h-kvXn\m

kwPmtX _e-Im-bm-u-]p\x kv\nKvw hntc-N-tb

]b-km-k-kv{Xn-hr Itm-\m-cp-hqI irtX\ hm

imXem {Xmb-am-Wm`ymw irtX-\m-c-Kzm-[\ hm

kI-t^hm kaq-t{XW khmtX Xn-knjm

]p\x-oc {]tbm-K hkvXn-I hntc-N\w

{ItaW {[ph-am-Xn-jvT bpx ]ntm-Zcw Ptb.
39

]ntm-Z-c-n tcmKn _e-hm-\m-sW-n BZyw Xs hntc-Nn-n--Ww. Zp_-e-\m-sW-n BZyw kvt\l-h-kvXn-sNbvXp ]noSv oc-h-kvXn-sNbvXp tim[\ hcp--Ww. ico-c-_-ehpw PT-cm-nbpw thp-Xp-t]m-se-bm-bm hopw kv\nKvX hcpn hntc-Nn-n--Ww. hntc-Nn-n-p-hm ]men {XtIm-ev]-Ip Ac-p-tNtm Bh-W-n Ipcp-hns Ijmbw tNtm N-e-bpw {_nbpw tNtm sIm-tm-ens Ijmbw tNtm sImSp--Ww. ]ntm-Z-c-n I^-ns kwk-ap-s-n ta]-d Huj[w tKmaq-{X-n tNp sImSpp hntc-Nn-n--Ww. hmX-ns kwk-ap-s-n Xn-I-LrXw sImSpp hntc-Nn-n--Ww. hntc-N-\m-\-cw ]mev D]-tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw ico-c-_-ehpw An-_-ehpw Dm-bm kvt\l-h-kvXnbpw Ijm-b-h-kvXnbpw sNbvXp hntc-Nn-n-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. oc-{]-tbm-Kw, hkvXn, hntc-N\w Fnh hopw hopw {Ia-{]-Imcw \n-b-ambpw {]tbm-Knp ]ntm-Z-cs Pbn--Ww.

kv\nKv-kzn hnip- It^m-Z-cn-W-am-Xpcw

kwk-tb ISp-mc bpss-cssx I^m-]sslx

tKmaq-{Xm-cn-jvS-]m-ss\ Nqm-b-kvIrXn `nkvXYm

km-ssc-kvssX-e-]m-ss\ ia-tbXp-I-t^m-Z-cw.
40

I^-l-c-kvt\lw tkhn-n kv\nKvX hcpn tkzZ-hn-[n-{]-Imcw kzZn-n-p, hntc-N\w sNbvXp ipn-h-cp-nb It^m-Z-c-amb A--tf-smv t]b-hn-te-]ym-Zn-{Iaw A\p-jvTn-n--Ww. tKmaq-{X-]m\w sImpw Acn-jvS-]m-\w-sImpw teml-`kvaw {]tbmKw sImpw mcw tN ssXe-]m-\w-sImpw It^m-Z-cs ian-n--Ww.

kn-]m-tXm-Ztc km btYmmx Imc-tb{Inbmx

kv]{Z-hp \nhrw {]Xy-tJybw hnPm-\-X.
41

kn-]m-tXm-Z-c-n hmX--]n---I-t^m-Z-c--fn ]d Fm-hn[ {Inb-Ifpw bpn-t]mse tbmPn-np sN-Ww. kn-]m-tXm-Z-c-n addv D]-{Zh hym[n-I IqSn-bp-s-n _pn-am-\mb sshZy Xm kmy-a-sv ]dp Hgn-b-Ww.

DZm-h cpPm-\m-ssl Zml-taml Xrjm-Pzsscx

Kuc-hm-cpNn ImTn-ss\yc \nem-Zo bYm-{Iaw

enwssKx ]vfoy-[nIm XrjvWm c--]n--e-ssWx

hnZym kakvssXx ksskvXp kn-]mXw XYm-`n-jIv

NnInkmw kw{]-bp-RvPoX bYm-tZmjw bYm-_ew

kvt\l-tkzZw hntc-I \ncq-l-a-\p-hm-k\w

kaoy Imc-tb-Zv_mlu hmtahm hy[-tbkncmw

jSv]ew ]mb-tb knx ]n-eohm {]tbm-P-tb

kKpUmw hm`bmw hm]n-m-cm-cnjvS KWmwkvXYm

Gj-{In-bm-{Iax t{]mtm-tbm-Km kwi-a-\mir-Wp.
42

otlm-Z-c-n DZm-h-th-Z-\bpw hbdv hopw Ds-n hmX-P-am-sWpw Npp-\o-d, tamlm-ekyw, Zmlw, Pzcw Fn-h-bp-s-n ]n-P-am-sW-pw, Kpcp-Xzw, Acp-Nn, ImTn\yw Ch-bp-s-n I^-P-am-sWpw ]n-e--W--tfm-Sp-IqSn ITn-\-amb Zmlw Ds-n B otlm-Zcw c-P-am-sWpw Fm e--W-fpw Hcp-anp Im AXv kn-]m-X-I-P-am-sWpw sshZy a\-n-em--Ww. otlm-Z-c-n tZmjm-[n-Iy-n\pw ico-c-_-e-n\pw A\p-k-cn-p NnInk sN-Ww. sshZy otlm-Zc tcmKnsb th-Xp-t]mse ]co-np kvt\l-]m-\w, tkzZ-{In-b, hntc-N-\w, Ijm-b-h-kvXn, kvt\l-hkvXn Ch bpn t]mse {]tbm-Kn--Ww. c-P-amb otlm-Z-c-n CSs In kncm-th[w sNp-Ibpw thWw. otlm-Z-c-tcmKn Kp-Nn-Ink-bn ]d jSv]-e-Lr-Xhpw ckm-b-n-Im-c-n ]d ]neo h-am-\hpw KpU-l-co-X-Inbpw {Kl-Wytim NnInk-bn ]d mc-Kp-W-fpw Acn-jvS-K-W-fpw bpn-t]mse D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. Cu ]d-b-s-Xv {Ibm-{I-a-am-Ip-p. C\n kwi-a-\-tbm-K-sf ]d-p-Xcmw tIp-[-cn-p-sIm-p-I.

]neo \mK-cw-Zo kamw iw lnwKp\m `bm

hnUmw-i-bpXw Nq-an-Z-ap-jvWmw-_p\m ]nt_.
43

Xn-en, Npv, \mK-Z-n-th-cv, Imbw, ISp Ch Hmtcm Ddp-n-I-qw hnUve-hWw Ac-D-dp-n-I-qw Fmw IqSn s]mSnp NqSp-sh--n Ien atlm-Z-c-tcmKn IpSn--Ww. am{X-bp-n-t]mse \n-bn--Ww.

hnUwKw Nn{XIw ipWvTow kLr-Xw-ssk-hw hNmw

ZKvzm-I-]mte ]bkm Kpa-]vfo-lm-]lw ]ot_.
44

hngm-e-cn, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, Npv, s\v, Cp-v, hbv Ch kaw FSpp Hcp a]m-{X-n-emn kv^pSw sNbvsX-Spp bpn-t]mse am{X-\n--bnp ]men tNp tkhn--Ww. Kp\pw ol-tcm-Khpw ian-pw.

tcmlo-X-I-e-Xm-\mp ImWvU-Im-\m-`-bm-Pte

aqt{X-hm-kp-\p-bm X-k-]vX-cm{Xw nXw ]nt_

Ikm-a-em-Kpa talmix ]vfol-ktm-Zc Irao

kl-\ym-mw-Ke csskPot-kym-m{X t`mP-\w.
45

sN-c-ns Cfw- sImv sNdp-Xmbn \pdpn ISp Ijm-b-ntem tKmaq-{X-ntem Cp-shp Ggn-Zn-hkw Ign-m FSp--cnp B cks IpSn--Ww. Ima-e, Kp, {]talw, Ai-v, ol-tcm-Kw, Fm-hn[ atlm-Z-cw, Iran-tcmKw Fnh ian-pw. Huj[w Zln-m PmwKe amwk-c-khpw Iqn Blmcw Ign-p-Ibpw thWw.

tcmlo-X-I-XzNx IrXzm ]em\n ]hnw iXnw

tImeZzn {] kwbpmw Ijm-b-ap-]-I]-tb

]enssIx ]-tIm-sse-kvXpssXx kss-m]n XpeyXm

tcmlo-X-I-XzNm ]njvssSLr-X-{]w ]n]m-N-tb

]vfolm-`n-hrnw ia-b-tXy-X-Zmip {]tbm-PnXw

XYm-Kptam-Z-c-izm-k-{Inan ]mWvUpXz Ima-emx.
46

sN-c-ns tXmev 25--]ew FSpp 32--]ew e-p-cphpw tNp Ijmbw sh-Ww. Hmtcm ]ew ]m-Im-ehpw Ah-tbmSv ka-ambn AXm-bXv 5-]ew sN-c-ns tXmepw FSp-cp Iev-amn Hcn-S-gn s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v {]tbm-Kn-m ol-bpsS hfsb DSs\ ian-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs Kp, atlm-Z-cw, izmk-tcm-Kw, Iran-tcmKw ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, Imae Fn-h-tbbpw ian-n-pw.

An-I N IpoX `nj-KzmX It^m-eztW

ss]ntI Poh-\o-bm\n kowjn oc-h-kvXbx

cm-h-tkIx kwipnx oc-]m-\--i-ky-tX.

bqssjamwk cssk-m]n Zo]-\n-b-c-km-\znssXx

eLq-\y-m\n kwkr-Py-Z-Zym ]vfotlm-Ztc `njIv

bIrXn ]vfol-h kw Xpey-Xzm t`j-Pw-a-Xw.
47

hmXI^ {][m-\-amb otlm-Z-c-n sshZy Kp-hn-[n-{]-Imcw An-Iw sN-Ww. ]n-{]-[m-\-amb otlm-Z-c-n Poh-\ob KWu-j-[- tNp ]mIw-N-sXbvX s\pw oc-h-kvXnbpw c-tam--Whpw tim[-\-Ihpw oc-]m-\hpw \-Xm-Ip-p. otlm-Z-c-n Zo]-\ob ck-{Z-hy- tNp ]mIw sNbvX [m\y-bq-jtam amwk-c-ktam tNp imen-j-jvSn-Im-Zn-e-Lz-s sshZy sImSp--Ww. bIr-Xp-Z-c-n otlm-Z-c-n\v ]d Fm NnInk-Ifpw sN-Ww. Fm kncm-th[w hes In sN-Ww.

kznmb _tm-Z-cn-tW-aq{Xw XnvWu-j-[m-\znXw

kssX-e-e-hWw ZZym-n-cqlw km\p-hm-k\w

]cn-{kw-ko\n Nmm\n XovW-ssh hntc-N\w

DZm-h-lcw I-Imcyw hmX-Lv\-ta-h-N.
48

_\-tm-Zc tcmKnv hnbn-nv tKmaq-{Xhpw XovWu-j-[hpw Fbpw Cppw tNp Ijm-b-hkvXn sNp-Ibpw XpSp kvt\l-hkvXn sNp-Ibpw thWw. aes Cf-n-tm-p Blm-c-fpw XovW-amb hntc-N-\hpw DZm-h tcmKs ian-n-p {]tbm-K-fpw hmX-l-c-amb NnInk-Ifpw sN-Ww.

Ont{Zm-Z-c-artX tkzZm ivtfjvtam-Zc hZm-N-tc

PmXw PmXw Pew {kmhy-tahw XZw-bm-]-tbZv `njIv
49

Ont{Zm-Z-cs hnbn-p {Ib-sbm-gnp It^m-Z-c-n\v NnInkn-pw-t]mse NnInkn--Ww. Ont{Zm-Z-c-n hopw hopw Dmbn hcp shs hopw hopw {khn-np If-bp-Ibpw thWw. C{]-Imcw Ont{Zm-Zc tcmKnsb NnInknp sshZy Ime-bm-]\w sN-Ww.

XrjvWm Imk-Pm-cmp oW-amw-km-n-t`m-P\w

h-tb-zm-kn\w XZz-q-en\w Zp`-te-{n-bw.
50

Ont{Zm-Z-c-n Zmlw, Imkw, Pzcw Fn-h-sImv ZpxJn-p-Ibpw amwkw, PT-cm-n, Blmcw Fnh Ipd-p-Ibpw izmk-tcm-K-ap-m-hp-Ibpw AXp-t]m-se-Xs hb-d-dn ITn-\-th-Z-\-bp-m-hp-Ibpw Npx-t{im-{XmZn C{-b- Zp_-e-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXm Ahs\ hn--Ww.

A]mw-tZm-j-l-cm-WymZu {]Z-Zym-Zp-Z-tIm-Ztc

aq{X-bp-m\n XnmWn hnhn-[-m-c-h-nN

Zo]-[ossbx I^-Lvss\ Xam-lm-ssc-cp-]m-N-tc

{Zth-`y-tm-Z-Im-Zn-t`ym-\n-b-t-Z-\p-]q-ix.
51

Ptem-Z-c-n BZn-bn tKmaq{Xw tNXpw XovW-am-bn-p-Xpw ]e-am-Xncn mc- NtSXpw sh-am-bn-o tZmjvs ]cn-l-cn-p--Xp-amb Huj-[-sf sImSp--Ww. An-Zo-]vXnsb Dm-p-Xpw I^s ian-n-p--Xp-amb Blm-c--tfsmv Ptem-Zc tcmKnsb D]-N-cn--Ww. {Ia-n Pem-Zn-{Zh ]Zm- D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xn\nv Ptem-Zc tcmKnsb ]nXn-cn-n-p-Ibpw thWw.

k-ta-thm-Zcw {]mtbm tZmj-kw-Lm-X-Pw-aXw

XkvamZv hmXm-Zn-i-a\ow {Inbm-k{X Imc-tb.
52

an-hmdpw Fm DZ-c-tcm-K-fpw {XtZm-j-P-\y-am-bp-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-sImv Fm DZ-c-tcm-K--fnepw {XtZm-j-i-a\ NnInk sN-Ww.

tZmssjx Ipu-ln-kw-]qt-h-na--Xz-ar-Xn

XkvamZv tbmPym\n t`mPym\n Zo]-\m\n eLq-\nN

c-im-eob-hm apZvKm PmwK-emw--ar-K-Zzn-Pm

]tbm-aq-{Xm-k-hm-cn-jvSm a[p-ko-[q\n Nm]v\p-bm

bhm-Kp-tam-Z\whm]n bpssj-c-ZymZv cssk-c]n

amavf kvt\l-I-Sp`nx ]-aq-tem] km[nssXx
53

hb-d-dn tZmj- A[n-I-ambn \nd-b-s-Sp-tm PT-cmn ao-`-hn-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-sImv Zoh-\o-b-fpw eLp--fp-amb Blmc km[-\- D]-tbm-Kn-t--Xm-Wv. sNs--cn, bhw, sNdp-]-b-dv, PmwKe ]n-I-fpsS amwkw, ]mev, tKmaq-{Xw, Bk-hw, AcnjvSw, tX, ko[p-aZyw Ch DZ-c-tcm-Knv ]y-am-Ip-p. Intbm tNmtdm _rl ]-aqe Ijm-b-n-ep-mn Aev]w ]pfn-c-khpw Fcphpw kvt\{Z-hyhpw tN [m\y-bq-jtam amwk-c-ktam Iqn Ign-p-Ibpw thWw.

HutIm-\p-]Pw amwkwimIw ]njvS-Ir-Xmw-kvXn-em

hymbm-am-[z-Zn-hm-kz]v\ bm\bm-\--h-tb

XtYmjvW eh-Wm-m\n hnZm-lm\n Kpcq-WnN

\tZym-Z-m\n PT-co-tXmb ]m\-h-tb.
54

akyw apX-emb Pe-Po-hn-I-fpsS amwkw t]mv apX-emb B\q] Pohn-I-fpsS amwkw, Ce--dn, Fv apX-em-bh Ac-p-m-nb ]e-lm-cw, hymbm-aw, hgn-\-Sw, ]I-ep-d-, hml-\--fn Ib-dn-bn-p bm{X Fnh hn--Ww. AXp-t]m-se-Xs DZ-c-tcmKn DjvW-ho-cy-ap Blmcw, Dv, ]pfn Dgppm-p Blm-cw, Kpcp-Xz-ap Blmcw Fnh Ign--cp-Xv. shw IpSn-p-Xpw hn--Ww.

\mXn-km{w lnXw-]mt\ kzmZp-X-I-a-t]-ehw

{XyqjvW-m-c-e-h-ssW-cyq-p \oN-tbm-Ztc

hmtXm-Zco ]nt_ X{Iw ]neo eh-am-\znXw

i-cm-a-[p-tIm-t]Xw kzmZp-]n-tm-Zco ]nt_

bam\o ssk-hm-PmPo thymj-bpw It^m-Zco

]nt_a[p-bpXw X{Iw hymw \mXn-t]-ehw

a[p-ssX-e-h-Nm-ipWvTn iXmlzm IpjvT-ssk-sshx

bpw otlm-Z-co-PmXw kthym-tj-y-Z-tIm-Zco

_tm-Z-coXp l]pjm bam-\y-PmPn ssksshx

]nt_-n-t{Zm-Z-co-X{Iw ]n-eou Z kwbpXw

Kuc-hm-tcm-N-Imm\mw ka-3-yXn kmcoWmw

X{Iw hmX I^hm\m aar-X-Xzmb I]tX
55

DZ-c-tcm-Knv IqSp-X sImgp--X-m-Xpw IqSp-X t\cn-b-X-m--Xp-amb a[p-c-ap tamcv IpSn-p--Xn\v \-Xm-Ip-p. kn-]m-tXm-Z-c-n {XI-Sphpw Nhm-chpw Cppw tNp tamcv IpSn--Ww. hmtXm-Zc tcmKn Xn-enbpw Cppw tNv tamcv IpSn-Ww. ]ntm-Z-c-tcmKn ]-km-cbpw tX\pw tNp a[p-c-ap tamcv IpSn--Ww. It^m-Z-c-tcmKn Ipdp-m-Wn, Cpv, PocIw, {XISp Ch tNp Aev]w tX\pw tNp ]nfn-c-k-apXpw A[nIw t\cn-b-X-m--Xp-amb tamcv IpSn--Ww. tX, Fs-, hb-v, Npv, NXp-Ip-, tImw, [pv Ch tN tamcv otlm-Zc tcmKn IpSn--Ww. Ptem-Z-c-tcmKn {XnI-Sp-tN tamcv IpSn--Ww. _tm-Zc tcmKn-bm-Is AS-m-a-Wn-b thcv, Ipdp-m-Wn, PocIw, Cpv Ch tNv tamcv IpSn--Ww. Ont{Zm-Z-c-tcmKn Xn-enbpw tX\pw tN tamcv IpSn--Ww. ico-c-npw he-b-dn\pw Kuc-hw, Acp-Nn, An-amyw AXn-kmcw Fn-h-bp--hpw hmX-I^ hnIm-c--fp--hpw tamcv Aar-Xn\v Xpey-am-Ip-p.

tim^m-\m-lmn-Xraqm ]oVntX Imc-`w-]bx

ipm\mwma-tZ-lm\mw Khyw-OmKw kam-lnjw
56

tim^w, hbcv hov thZ-\, Zmlw, tamlm-ekyw Fn-h-tImv ZpxJn-p DZ-c-tcm-Knv H-I-ns ]mev Aar-Xn\p Xpey-am-Ip-p. tim[-\-{Inb sNbvX-hpw icocw saen--hpw ]ip-hn]mepw Bn]mepw Fcp-a-mepw Aar-Xn\p Xpey-am-Ip-p.

tZh-Zmcp ]em-im-lkvXn ]nen in{KpssIx

kmiz-Kssx kZ-tKm-aq-ss{Xx {]Zn-lym-Zp-Zcw kssax
57

tZh-Xm-cw, Na-X-tm-ev, Fcp-nth-cv, An-n--en, apcn-m-tm-hv, Aap--cw, Ch kaw tKmaq-{X-n-e-cp atlm-Z-c-tcmKn DZ-c-n ]pc--Ww.

hrn-Im-fow-hNm IpjvTw-]--aqeow ]p\hmw

hjm-`p-\m-Kcw [m\y-P-te-]-zmN tkN-tb

]emiw IrWw cmkv\m XZz ]zmN tkN-tb

aq{Xm-Wy-jvSm-hp-Z-cnWmw tkmI-]m-t\N tbmP-tb
58

tXSthcv, hb-v, sImw, _rl]--aqew shfp sXgp-Xm-a-th-cv, Nph sXgp-Xm-a-th-cv, Npv, sIm-m-e-cn, Ch Ijmbw sh shw sImv hbcv \\--Ww. AXp-t]m-se-Xs Na-X-tm-ev, \mp-I-p-v, Ac Ch Ijmbw sh shw sImv hbcv \\--Ww. DZ-c-tcm-Kn-Iv hbcv \\-p-hm\pw IpSn-p-hm\pw Fv hn[ aq{X- {]tbm-Kn--Ww. Fv hn[ aq{X- Ahn-aq-{X-a-Pm-aq{X, tKmaq{Xw, amln-jw-XYm lkvXn-aq-{X-a-tYm-jv{Sky lb-kyN Jc-kyN CXn.

cqmWmw _lp-hm-Xm\mw XYm-kw-tim-[-\mn\mw

Zo]-\o-bm\n kowjn PT-c-Lv\m\n hytX.
59

cq icoc {]Ir-X-mpw hmXm-[n-Iy-ap--hpw AXp-t]m-se-Xs tim[-\-{Inb sN-W-sa-m-{K-ln-p--hpw thn Zo]-\o-bhpw atlm-Z-cs ian-n-p--Xp-amb LrX-tbm-K-sf ]d-p-X-cmw.

]neo ]n-eo-aqe Nhy-Nn-{XI \mKsscx

km-ssc-c ]en-ssIZzn-{]w knjx ]mN

IssZzn-] aqeymkvXp Xpem kzcm-k-\N

Z[n-a-WvUm-Vm-Im-t]Xw Xkn PT-cm-]lw

izbYpw hmX-hn-jvSw`w Kpam-\imwkn \mi-tb

]m-tIm-e-LrXw
60

Xn-en, Imp-Xn--en-thcv, Impapf-Inth-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, Npv, Nhmcw Ch Atc-c-]ew FSpp Iev-amn 50 ]mew Zi-aqew Ijmbw shp B Ijm-bhpw 8 CS-gn ssXcns shhpw 4 CS-gn s\pw tNp kvt\l-]mI hn[n-{]-Imcw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. B s\v atlmZ-cs ian-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. tim^w, hmbp-kvXw-`w, Kp, Aiv Fn-h-tbbpw ian-n-pw.

\mKcw {Xn^-em-{]w LrXw-ssXew XYm-V-XIw

akvXp\x km[-bn-Xzm-XpXw ]nt_-Zp-Z-cm-]lw

I^-am-cpX kw`qtX Kpta-ssNh {]i-kytX

\mK-c-LrXw
61

]ip-hn s\pw Fs-bpw IqSn 2CS--gn, ssXcns shw 8 CS--gn, Nppw {Xn^-ebpw IqSn 8]ew Iev-ambpw tNp kvt\l-]m-I-en-[n-{]-Imcw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p--Xm-Ip-p. I^hmX-P-\y-amb Kp-p-IqSn \-Xm-Ip-p.

NXpKpW Pteaq{X-Zzn-KptW Nn{X-Im]te

It-knw LrX-{]w kmcw PT-co-]n-t_

Nn{X-I-L-rXw
62

2CS-gn ]ip-hn s\pw s\ns \men-cn ip-P-e-hpw cn-cn tKmaq-{Xhpw 1]ew sImSp-th-cn-n-gpw 1-]ew Nhm-chpw Iev-ambpw tNp kvt\l]m-I-hn-[n-{]-Imcw ]mIw sNbvsX-Spp DZ-c-tcmKn tkhn--Ww.

bh-tIme Ipe-m\mw ]-aq-e-ir-tX-\N

kpcm-ku-ho-c-Im-`ym knw hmY ]nt_LrXw
63

s\ns \men-sem-cp-`mKw bhhpw e-p-cphpw apXn-cbpw IqSn Iev-ambpw s\ns \men-cn _rl]--aq-e-I-jm-bhpw shp-Im-Snbpw Acn-mSpbpw IqSn tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\v DZ-c-tcmKn tkhn-n-Ww.

G`nx kv\nKvmb kRvPmtX _me-im-t-N-am-cptX

{kkvtX tZmjm-itb ZZymI]-ZrjvSw hntc-N\w
64

Cu ]d LrX-tbm-K--tf-smv ico-c-nv kv\nKv-Xbpw _ehpw Dm-hp-Ibpw hmbp im-am-hp-Ibpw tZmj-pw Bi-b-npw Ab-hp-m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXm Iev]-m-\-n ]d-p-Im-Wp hntc-N-\u-j[w sImSp--Ww.

]tSm-e-aqew cP\o hnUwKw {Xn^-em-XzNw

In-Iw \oen-\oN {Xnhr-X-tXn Nqm-tb

jUm-Zym Imjn-Im-\-ymw-kv{Xow--Zzn{Xn NXpp-Wm

IrXzm-Nqw XtXm-ap-jvSnw-K-hmw-aq-t{X-W-\m-]n-t_

hncn-t-ar-Zp-`p-RvPnX t`mP\w PmwKsse csskx

aWvUw-t]-bm--]n-XzmNkthymjw lU-lw-]bx

irXw-]n-t_ XX-qw ]nt_-tZhw ]p\x-]p\x

ln-ktm-Z-cm-Wy-X-pw PmtXm-S-Im-\y]n

Itaemw ]mWvUp-tcm-K--iz-b-Yp-m] IjXn

]tSm-em-Zy-anZw Nq-ap-Z-tcjp {]]q-PnXw

]tSm-emZyw Nqw
65

Imp-]-tSm-e-nthcv, a, hngm-e-cn, {Xn^-e-tmSv In-m-e-th-cv, Aa-cn-thcv, {XntIm]-Ip Ch Nq-am-n-sb-Sp--Ww. CXn BZyw ]d Bdp-Xcw acp-p-I Hmtcm Ijw hoXhpw ]noSv ]d aqp-Xcw acp-p-I 2-Ijw, 3-Ijw, 4 Ijw Fo {Ia-nepw FSp--Ww Fmw-IqSn s]mSn--s]m-Sn 1 ]ew FSpp tKmaq-{X-n tNp DZ-c-tcm-K-ap a\p-jy tkhn--Ww. CXv tkhnp th-Xp-t]mse hntc-N\w Dm-bm AXn-\p-tijw PmwK-e-amw-k-c-khpw Iqn arZp-hmb Blmcw Ign--Ww. AYhm Aw Ipd-tXm Aw Ipd-p-tXm Bb In IpSn-n 6  Znhkw hsc {XnISp Cp-Im-nb ]m IpSn-p-Ibpw thWw. AXn-\p-tijw hopw Nqw tkhn--Ww. C{]-Imcw DZ-c-tcmKw ian-p--Xp-hsc hopw hopw sN-Ww. Cu Nqw Fm-hn[ atlm-Z-c-tbpw Ah-P-tem-Z-c-am-b-op t]mbm Xtbpw ian-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. Cu ]tSm-em-Zn-Nqw Ita-e, ]mWvUp-tcmKw tim^w Fn-hsb ian-n-p-Xpw DZ-c-tcm-K--fn D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm Gd-dhpw {]i-kvX-am-bn-p-Xpw BIp-p.

Khmow iwJn-\o-Zow Xnez-I-ky-XzNw hNmw

]nt_-{-mw_q tKmaq-{X-tIme I-p-kn-[p`nx
66

Imp-sh--cn-th-cv, iwJp-]p-jv]-n thcv, \mK-Z-n-th-cv, ]mtm-d-dn-tm-ev, hbv Ch kaw FSpp s]mSn s]mSn apn-cn-m--jmbw, tKmaq-{Xw, henb e-p-cp--jmbw, sNdnb e-p-cp--jmbw, ko[p-aZyw Ch-bn-te-sX-nepw Hn tNp DZ-ctcmKn IpSn--Ww. ta]-d ^e-ap-mIpw

bam\o l]p-jm-[m\yw {Xn^-em-tNm-]-Ip-nIm

Imcho ]n-eo-aq-e-a-P-Km iTo-hNm

iXm-lzm-Nn-{XIwthymjw kz-o-cnk Nn{XIm

Zzumcu ]uivI-cw-aqew IpjvTw eh-W-]-Iw

hnUw-K kamw-im\n Zym-`m-K-{Xbw XYm

{Xnhr-Zzn-imte ZzpKptW iymX-em-kym--XpKpWm

Gj-\m-cm-b-tWm-\ma Nqm-tcmK KWm-]lx

ss\\w {]m]ym-Xn-ht tcmZm-hn-jvWp-an-hm-kpcmx

Xt{I-tWm-Z-cn`nx t]tbm Kpan-`n _Z-cmw-_p\m

B\--hm-tX-kp-cbm hmX-tcmtK {]k-bm

Z[n-aWvtV\hnSv kwtK-Zm-Un-amw-_p-`n-cisskx

]cn-It khr-mavf DjvWmw-l-_p-`nc PotI

`K-tc ]mWvUp-tcmtK Imtk-izm-tk-K-f-{Ktl

lrt{Zm-tK-{K-l-Wo-tcmtK IpjvtT-at ƒ\te-Pztc

Zwjv{Sm-hntj aqe-hntj kKtc Ir{Xn-ta-hntj

bYmlm kv\nKv tImjvtT\ t]b-ta-XZv hntc-N\w

\mcm-bW Nqw
67

Ipdp-m-Wn, AS-m-a-Wn-bth-cv, sIm-m-e-cn, {Xn^e, Nntd-ew, Icn-o-c-Iw, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, BSv\mdn-th-f, Iq-cw, hb-v, NXp-Ip-, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, {XnI-Sp, Fcp-a--n, Bh-W-nth-cv, Nhm-cw, Xphn-e-m-cw, ]pjv-c-aqew, sImw, An\w Dv, hngm-ecn Ch-sbmw Hmtcm-`m-Khpw \mK-Z-n-thcv aqv `mKhpw {XntIm-ev]-I-bpw Imp-sh--cn-thcpw cv`mKw hoXhpw N N-tmev \mep-`m-K-hp-am-sb-Spp s]mSn--Ww. \mcm-bW Nqw Fv t]cp At\Iw tcmK-sf ian-n-p--Xm-Ipp. CXv tkhn-m hnjvWp-hn-t\m-Sv FXn Akp-c-m-sc-t]mse tcmK- ian-p--Xm-Ip-p. DZ-c-tcm-K-ap--h CXv tamcn Ien IpSn--Ww. Kp-tcm-Kn-I e-pcp Ijm-b-n IpSn--Ww. hbcv hop hmbp-tIm-]-n kpcm-a-Zy-nepw hmX-tcm-K-n aZy-ns sXfn-bnepw ae-_--n ssXcns sh-nepw Ai-tcm-Kn-I Xmfn-am-Xf ck-nepw ]cn-Iw F thZ-\-bn ]pfn-c-k-nepw APo-n NqSn-sh--nepw Cu Nqw tkhn--Ww. `K--cw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, Imkw, izmk-tcm-Kw, Kf-{K-lw, lrt{ZmKw, {Kl-Wo-tcmKw, IpjvTw, An-amyw, Pzcw, km-Zn-I-fpsS ISn-hnjw, h-\m`n apX-emb aqe-hnjw, Iqp-hn-jw, Ir{Xna hnjw Fn-h-I-fpsS hnIm-c-n AXm-Xnv tbmPn-p--Xmb kvt\l-{Z-hywsImv tImjvTw kv\nKv-X-h-cpn Cu Nqw bp-amb A\p-]m-\-n tNp hntc-N-\mw IpSn--Ww.

^]qjmw Imt-\-ocow {Xn^emw ISp-tcm-lnWow

\oen\ow {Xmb-am-Wm inXmfmw {Xnhr-Xmw-hNmw

sskhw Ime-e-hWw ]n-eo-a-Xn Nqm-tb

ZmUna {Xn^-em-amwk ck-aq{X kptJm-ZssIx

t]tbm ƒ bw k-Kptajp on ktm-Z-tc-jpN

IpjvtT-izn-t{X-jz-P-ctI khm-tX-hn-j-am-njp

timYmix ]mWvUp-tcm-K-tKjp Ima-embmw leo-atI

hmX-]n I^mw mip htc-Im kw{]-km-[-tb.

l]p-jmZyw Nqw.
68

AS-m-a-Wn-b thcv, Nz-n, {Xn^-e-tm-Sv ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, Aa-cn-thcv, {_n, N-e--tm-ev, {XntIm-ev]-Ip-, hb-v, Cp-v, Imcp-v, Xnen Ch kaw FSpp ioe-sm-Sn-bm--Ww. Xmfn-am-X-fn-ckw {Xn^-e--jm-bw, amwk-c-kw, tKmaq-{Xw, NqSp-shw Fn-h-bn-te-sX-nepw Hn tNp Fm Kp--fnepw ol-tcm-K--fnepw Fm DZ-c-tcm-K--fnepw IpjvT-tcm-K--fnepw izn{X--fnepw APo-nepw hmX-nepw hnj-am-n-bnepw tim^w, Ai-v, ]mWvUp-tcmKw Fn-h-I-fnepw Ima-e-bnepw leo-a-I-nepw Cu Nqw tkhn--Ww. CXv tkhn-p hntc-N-\w-sImv hmX--]n---I-^-hn-Im-c--sfmw DSs\ ian-pw.

\nen-\o-\n-Nqfw thymjw Zzumcu eh-Wm-\nN

Nn{X-I--]n-t_ Nqw kn-tjmtc Kpa-\p.

\nen-\ymZyw Nqw.
69

Aa-cn-th-cv, Addv hntmev, {XnI-Sp, Nhm-cw, Xphn-e-m-cw, Ap-hn[ Dv sImSp-th-cnn-gv Ch kaw FSp-p-s]m-Snp s\ntNp tkhn-m atlm-Z-chpw Kphpw ian-pw.

oc-t{ZmWw kp[m-oc {]mw amln-jw-Z[n

PmXw-aYn-Xzm-tXm-am{Xmw {Xnhr knm]nt_Lr-Xm

XYm-knw LrX-{]w ]b-ky-jvS-Kp-tW-]n-t_

kv\pvjoc ]e-It\ {Xnhr-Xm-jSv ]te-\N

Z[n-a-WvUm-QmI knm koc ]e-In-Xm

LrX-{]-m ]nt_am{Xmw XZz--Tc imtb

Gjm-\m\p ]nt_m-Zh ]tbm hm kzmZphm ckw

LrtX-Pot hcn- tImjvWw\mK-cssIx irXw

]nt_-Zw-_p-XXx t]bmw-bqjw Iue-Iw XXx

]nt_-{Zq--kv{Xy-l-tzhw ]tbmw{]Xn-t`m-PnXx

]p ]p\x ]nt_ kn-c-\p-]qym XssY-hN

LrXm-t\y-Xm\n knm-[n-hn-Z-ym Ipi-tem-`n-jIv

Kpam\mw Kc-tZm-jmWm apZ-cm-Wm im-tb.
70

31CS-gn Fcp-a-m-en 1-C-S-gn In-m tNp ssXcm-bm FSpp ISp AXn\n-s-Sp-p s\v AXns \men-sem-cp-`mKw XrtIm-ev]-Ip Iev-amn s\ns \men-cn ip-P-ehpw tNp ]mIw-sN-bvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v DZ-c-tcmKn tkhn--Ww. AtX-{]-Imcw 2-C-S-gn s\v Fn-cn ]men 1-]ew In-mepw 6-]ew {XotIm-ev]-Ip-bpw Iev-am-n-bnv ]mIw sNbvsX-Spp tkhn-p-Ibpw sNmw. CXp-t]m-se-Xs 8-C-S-gn ssXcns sh-n 1-]ew In-m Iev-amn 2-C-S-gn s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Spp bpn-t]mse am{X-\n--bnp DZ-c-tcmK ia-\-n-mbn tkhn--Ww. Cu ]d Fm s\bvI-fpw sskhn--Xn-\p-ta ]mtem a[p-c-^-e--fpsS cktam IpSn--Ww. s\v Zln-p-I-gnp [ntc-N-\-ap-m-bm NpvtNp Imnb Cfw NqSp-shw IpSn-p-Ibpw thWw. AXn-\p-ti-jw Inbpw ]noSv apXn-c-mdpw IpSn--Ww. C{]-Imcw aqp-Zn-hkw cq-\m-bn-cpp ]ns ]m tN Blmcw anX-ambn Ign--Ww. Cu {Ia-a-\p-k-cnv hopw hopw s\v tkhn-p-sIm-p-I-bpw-th-Ww. ^e-kn-n-bp CuLr-X-sf ka-\mb sshZy Kp-tcm-K--fp-tSbpw Kc-tZm-j--fp-tSbpw DZ-c-tcm-K--fp-tSbpw ia-\-n-m-bnpw {]tbm-Kn-t--Xm-Wv.

]oep-Itm-]-knw hm LrX-am-\ml t`Z\w

KpaLv\w \oen-\o-knx kvt\lw hm an{iIw ]nt_

{Iam-nlrX tZmjmWmw PmwK-e-{]Xn t`mP-\x.
71

DZ-c-tcm-K-n hbdvhov ian-p-hm-\mbn DI-mb Iev-amn Imnb s\tm AYhm Kp-Nn-Ink-bn Kp-i-a-\-nv ]d \oen-\n-Lr-Xtam an{i-I-kvt\-ltam tkhn--Ww. A{]-Imcw sNbvXp tZmj- Cfn-tm-bm {Ia-n PmwK-e-amwk ckhpw Iqn Aev]mev]w Blmcw Ign--Ww.

tZmjm-ti-j-\n-hr-Xyw tbmKm hym-ay-Xx-]cw

Nn{X-Im-a-c-Zm-cp`ymw Iw otc-W-\m-]n-t_.
72

hntc-N-\m-\-cw tZmj- tijnp t]mbn-p-s-n AXv ian-p-hm-\p tbmK-sf C\n ]d-p-X-cmw. sImSp-th-cn-n-gpw tZh-Xm-chpw Acp ]ip-hn]m-entNp tZmjw tijn-p a\p-jy IpSn--Ww.

amwk-bpw XYm-lkvXn ]neo hniz-t`-jPw

hoUwKw Nn{XIw Zo-Nhyw thymj--ssXx-]bx

Ix tIme-kax ]nXzm {]hr--ap-Zcw Ptb

]nt_ Ijmbw {Xn^-em-Zo tcmlo-X-ssIx-iyXw

thymj-m-c-bpXw Pot cssk-c-Zym Xp PmwKsse

amwkwhm t`mP\w tbmPyw kv\pIv oc-Lr-X-kw-bp-Xw.
73

ta]-d--{]-Imcw PmwK-e-amw-k-tm-Sp-IqSn An-n--enbpw Nppw s]mSnp tNp ]men IpSn-p-Ibpw sNmw, hngm-e-cn, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, \mK-Z-n-th-cv, Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, {XnISp Ch H-c--g-p-hoXw FSp--cp ]men tNp IpSn-m AXv hn DZ-cs Pbn-pw. {X^-e, \mK-Z-n-th-cv, sN-c-nthcv Ch-sIm-p-m-nb Ijm-b-n {XnISp Nqhpw Nhm-chpw taevs]mSn tNp IpSn--Ww. CXv Zln-m PmwK-e-amw-khpw Iqn Blmcw Ign-p-Itbm sN-Ww.

ocm-\p-]m\w tKmaq-t{X-Wm-`bmw hm {]tbm-P-tb

k]vXmlw amln-jw-aq{Xw oc-m-\ `pIv]n-t_

amk-aujv{Sw ]b-mKw {Xoam-km thymj-kw-bpXw

lco-XIo kl-{kwhm ocm-iohm inem-PXp

inem-PXp hn[m-t\\ Kppepw hm {]tbm-P-tb

irwK-th-cm{Z-I-ckx ]mt\-o-c-k-tam-ln-Xx.
74

AYhm tKmaq-{X-n ISp--tNp IpSn-p-Ibpw A\p-]m-\-ambn ]ip-hn]m IpSn-p-Ibpw thWw. AYhm GgvZn-hkw addv Blm-c--sfmpw Ign-msX Fcp-a- aq-{Xhpw Fcpa aq-{Xhpw Fcp-a-mepw IpSn--Ww. AYhm Hcp amkw-hsc H-I-ns ]m {XnI-Sp-Nqw tNp IpSn-p-Itbm aqp-am-kw-hsc {XnI-Sp-Nqw tNp Bn]m IpSn-p-Itbm sN-Ww. AYmhm ]mev tN Blm-cw-am{Xw Ign-p-sImv 100--I-Sp ckm-b\ NnInk-bn ]d Xn-eo-h--am\ {]tbm-K-hn-[n-{]-Imcw tkhn-p-Itbm AYhm CtX-{]-Im-cw-Xs bpn-t]mse am{X-\n--bnp inem-Pntm KpKp-epthm tkhn--Ww. AYhm Cn-\ocpw ]mepw kaw tNp-]-tbm-Kn-p-Xpw DZ-c-tcm-K-nv \-Xm-Ip-p.

ssXew ctk\ tXss\-h-knw Zi-Kp-tW-\hm

Zo-{Z-h-o-^-ePw ssXew Zqtjym-Z-tc-lnXw

iqem-\ml hn_-t-jp-akvXp bqj-c-km-Zn`ox

kc-em-a-[p-in-{KpWmw _otPt`ym aqe-I-kyN

ssXem-\y-`ywK ]m\mw iqe-Lv\m\y \ntem-Ztc

kvssXan-Xym-cpNn lrm-tk-kzt]ƒu aZy-]m-bN

Acn-jvSm Zm]-tb mcm I^-kvXym-\-n-tcm-Ztc

ivtfjvatWm hne-bmw Xp tZmjw-hn-y-`n-j-Kz-cx.
75

AYhm Fs--bpsS ]n-cn Cn-\o-cv, tNp Imn-sb-Sp-p ssXew atlm-Z-c-nv \-Xm-Ip-p. Zn-^-ehpw {Zh-n-^-ehpw Ievw-tNp Imn-sb-Sp-p ssXew Zqtjym-Z-c-nv \-Xm-Ip-p. hb-d-dn thZ-\, hbdv hov, ae-_w Ch IqSp-X-em-bp-s-n ssXew ssXcns sh-ntem [m\y-bq-j-ntem PmwK-e-amwk ck-ntem tNp Ign--Ww. Nc-fw, apcn ap-n, Ch-I-fpsS hnn \ns-Sp-p F hmtXm-Z-c-n tXp-hm\pw tkhn-p-hm\pw \-Xm-Ip-p. Cu F iqesb ian-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. I^w In-bmbn ImTn-\y-ap--Xmb DZ-c-tcm-K-n hb-dn\v Xosc Ne-\-an-m-bvabpw Acp-Nnbpw s\vI-enpw, An-am-yhpw Dm-hp-Ibpw Ah aZy-io-e-\p-am-sW-n sshZy tZmjs \-hw ]co-n--dnp B I^w Dcp-Ip-hm-\mbn Acn-jvS--tfbpw mc-{Z-hy--tfbpw {]tbm-Kn--Ww.

]neow Xnp-Iw-lnwKp \mK-cw-lkvXn ]neow

`m-XIw in{Kp-^ew {Xn^emw ISp-tcm-lnWow

tZh-Zm-cp-l-co-t{ZtZz kc-em-Xn-hn-tj-ncmw

IpjvTw-apkvXw XYm-]--e-h-Wm\n {]I]yN

Z[n-kmh-km-a ssXe-bp-m\n Zml-tb

Am-Zqz-aXx mcmZv hnUm-S-e-]Zw ]nt_

aZo-cm-Z-[n-a-WvtUmjvW Pem-cnjvS kpcm-ksshx

lrt{ZmKw izXYp ]vfol-Kpamtim PT-cm-WnN

hnkp-NnIm apZm-hw hmXvjvTo-em \mi-tb
76

Xn-en, ]\n-n-m-b, Imbw, Npv, An-n--en, tNp-cp, apcn--m-b, {Xn^-e-tm-Sv, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, tZh-Xm-cw, a, ac-a-, Nc-fw, AXn-hn-S-bw, Hmcn-e-th-cv, sImw, ap-, An\w Dv, Ch-sb-mw-IqSn Xd-n-Snp ssXcv, s\v, hk, a, ssXew Chbpw tNp tbmPn-np Hcp ]m{X-n-emn Inp mcw FSp--Ww. Blm-c-n-p-tijw Cu mc-n\nv aqv Igv FSpp aZyw, ssXcnsh-w, NqSp-sh-w, Acn-jvSw, kpc, Bkhw Ch-bn-te-sX-nepw HntNp-Ip-Sn--Ww. Cu mcw lrt{Zm-Kw, tim^w, ol-tcm-Kw, Kp, Ai-v, DZ-c-tcm-K-, ]njq-Nn-I, DZm-h-tcm-Kw, hmX-jvToe Fn-hsb \in-n-pw.

uc-mc Ico-jm-Wmw-irXw aqt{XW km[m-b

ImjnIw ]n-eo-aqew ]ssh eh-Wm-\nN

]n-eow-Nn{Xw ipWvTow {Xn^emw {Xnhr-Xmw-hNmw

Zzumcu imXemw Zo kz-ocow hnjm-WnImw

tIme-{]-amWmw KpUnImw ]nt_ kuhn-c-kw-bpXmw

izb-Ymh hn]m-tIN {]hr-N ZtIm-Z-tc.
77

BnNm-WIw Nps-Sp mcw AXns Fn-cn tKmaq-{X-n tNp ]mIw-sNbvXp ]IpXn ]d-dn-bm-se-Sp--cnp hopw ]mIw sNp-tm AXn aqp Igv hoXw Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, ]-e-hWw Xn-en, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, Npv, {X^-e, {XtIm-ev]-Ip-, hb-v, Nhm-cw, Xphn-e-m-cw, N-e-, \mK-Z-n-th-cv, Nm--n, I-S-irwKn Ch s]mSn--s]m-Snbpw tNp ]mIw-sNbvXp KpfnI Dcp-t ]mI-am-bm-se-Spp e-pcp {]amWw KpfnI Dcpn tKmX-n-ttbm bh-n-ttbm ImSn-bn tNp IpSn--Ww. (C-Xn mc-ns Afhv ]d-n-n-s-nepw s]mSn-a-cp-n\p ka-ambn mcw FSp--Ww.) Cu mcw tim^w, Zl-\--bw, hn Ptem-Zcw Fn-h-I-fn {]tbm-Kn--Ww.

`mhn-Xm-\mw-Khmw aqss{Xx jjvSn-Im-\m XWvUpssex

bhmKpw ]b-km-knmw {]Imaw t`mP-tb-cw

]nt_-Zn-q-c-k-mY PT-cmWmw \nhr-mtb

kzwkzw-m\w {hP-tyhw XYm-]n I^m-\nemx

{]tIm] {]i-aw-bmn D]-{Imm `nj-Kzsscx
78

tKmaq-{X-n 7-Zn-hkw `mh-\-sN-bvsX-Sp \h-c-b-cn-sImv ]m-n-bp-mn thn-S-tmfw DZ-c-tcm-Knsb IpSn-n--Ww. AXn-\p-tijw Icn-n \ocv IpSn-p-Ibpw thWw. DZ-c-tcm-K--fpsS ia-\-nv CXv \-Xm-Wv. A{]-Imcw sNbvXm DZ-c-tcm-Kn-bpsS hmX--]n I^- AXm-Xns m\s {]m]n-p--Xm-Ip-p. sshZy-m-cm C{]-Imcw NnInkn--s-Sp--Xm-bm {]Ip-]n-X-amb tZmj- ian-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

{Xnhr-Xm-iw-Jn-\o-Zo kp[m-]q-XnI ]sshx

imIw-]zm {]bp-RvPoX {]mKv`w KmV-hkn

XtXm ƒ kvssain-Yn-eo-`qX htm-tZm-jmb imkv{X-hn

ZZymaq-{X-bpXw ocw tZmj-ti-j-l-cw-]-cw.
79

DZ-c-tcm-Kn-bpsS aew I-bm-bn-tm-bn-p-s-n {XntIm-ev]-Ip-, iwJp-]p-jv]w, \mK-Z-n, In, Bhn Fn-h-bpsS Xfn-cvsImv Ce--dn-bp-m-InI Blm-c-n\v apv sImSp--Ww. AXn-\p-tijw tcmKn-bpsS inYn-eo-`q-X-amb ae-tZm-j-n-mbn sshZy tKmaq-{X-n ]m tNp sImSp--Ww. CXv tijn tZmjs ]cn-l-cn-p-hm Gd-dhpw \XmIp-p.

]miz-iqe ap]-kvXw`w lrZv{K-l-m]n amcpXx

P\-tb Xky-XssXew hnez-m-tcW ]mb-tb.
80

DZ-c-tcm-Knv hmbp-tIm-]np ]miz-iq-e, hbdv kvXw`w, lrZ-b-n ]nSpw Fnh Dm-hp-I-bm-sW-n AXnv apv ]d {Xhr-XmZn _oP--fpsS ssXew Iqh-f-ns tXmev NpsSp Ijmcw sImp-m-nb mc-P-e-n tNp IpSn--Ww.

XYm-n-a--tiym-\m-I-]-emi Xne-\m-fssPx

_em-I-Z-ey-]m-am-msscx {]tXy-Iix irssXx

ssXew-]-zm-`n-jKv ZZym-Zp-Z-cmWmw \nhr-tb

\nh-tX-tNm-Z-cnWmw lrZv{K-l-m-\n-tem`hx
81

AtX-{]-Imcw ap, ]n-\, Na-X, FnX-v, Ipdp-tm-n, hmg--S, IS-emSn Fn-h-I-tf-smv {]tXyIw {]tXyIw mcw Dm-n-sb-Spp AXp-sIm-p-m-nb mc-P-e-n Fs tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. B ssXew DZ-c-tcm-K--fpsS ia-\-n-mbn sshZy sImSp--Ww. B ssXew DZ-c-tcm-Kn-Iv hmX-P-\y-ambn lrZ-b-n-ep-m-Ip ]nSp--tbpw ian-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

I^-hm-tX\ ]nt\ Xm`ymw hm]ym-hrtX ƒ\nte

_en-\-u-j-[-bpXw ssXe-ta-c-WvUPw lnXw
82

I^-n hmX-n-sbpw ]n-n-tbpw Bh-c-W-ap-s-nepw hmX-n I^-n-tbpw ]n-n-tbpw Bh-c-W-ap-s-nepw tcmKn _e-hm-\m-sW-nepw AXmXv tZmjs ian-n-p--Xmb Huj-[--tfmSv tNp Bh-W-s sImSp-p-Xv \-Xm-Ip-p.

kphn-ctm \tcm-bkvXp ]p\-cm-[vam-]n-tXm-`n-jIv

kpkv\n-Kvt-c-avf-e-h-ssW \ncp-sslkvX ap]m-N-tc.
83

th-Xp-t]mse hntc-N-\w-h bmsbmcp DZ-c-tcm-Kn-m-Is hopw hbdv hop-I-bm-sW-n sshZy Ahs\ \-hw kvt\l-{Z-hyhpw ]pfn-c-khpw Cppw tN Ijm-b-hkvXn {]tbm-K--tf-sm-p-]-N-cn--Ww.

tkm]-jvSwt_m ƒ]nhm hmbp-cm-[vam-]-b-Xn-bw-\cw

XossWx km-cmtKm aqss{X hkvXn-`nkvX ap]m-N-tc.
84

AYhm bmsXmcp DZ-c-tcm-Knv hmb-a-e-_--tm-Sp-IqSn hbdv hons\ Dm-p-pthm Ahs\ mc-{Z-hy-fpw tKmaq-{Xhpw tN XovW hkvXn-{]-tbm-K--sf-smv sshZy D]-N-cn--Ww.

{Iobm-Xn-hrt PTmc {XntZm-tjNm {]im-ayXn

mXo kkp-lr-tZm-Zm-cm {_m-Wm \r]-Xo Kpcp

A\p-m]y `njIv I hnym kwibw {_ph

A Inbmbmw {[pth-arXypx {Inbbmw kwi-tbm-`-th

Gh-am-Jymb Xtky-Z-a-\p-mXx kplr-ZvKWx

]m\-t`m-P\ kwbpw hnj-akvssa {]tbm-P-tb.
85

km[m-cW NnIn--sIm-smpw ian-m DZ-c-tcm-K-nepw ian-m kn-]m-tXm-Z-c-nepw tcmKn-bpsS _p--tfmSpw kplr-p--tfmSpw `mcy-tbmSpw {_m-W-t\mSpw cmPm-hn-t\mSpw Kpcp-\m-Y-t\mSpw sshZy kXw hmn-bnv kwibw ]d-p-sImv Ah-km-\-t-Xmb Hcp NnInk IqSn sN-Ww. NnInkn-m-Xn-cp-m \n-b-ambpw acn-pw. Cu Ah-km-\-tbpw NnInk-sImv Hcp ]s tcmKn Pohn-tmw Fv kwibw ]d-p-sImv AXnv Fm-h-cp-tSbpw A\p-aXn Inp-I-bm-sW-n Ah\v IpSn-p sh-ntem Blm-c-ntem tNp hnjw sImSp--Ww.

bkvan hm Ip]nXx ktm hnkr-tPm-n-^te hnjw

`-tb XZp-Z-cnWw {]mhn-Nmcy `nj-Kzcx

tX\m-ky-tZmj kwLmXw ntcm-eot\m hnamKx

hntj-Wmip {]am-Yn-Xzm-Zm-ip-`nx {]htX

hntjW lrX-tZm-jwXw ioXmw_p ]cn-tj-NnXw

]mb-tbX `nj-KvZpKvw bhmKpw hm bYm-_ew

{Xnhra-WvUyI ]tWym--S-imIw kbh hmkvXpIw

`-tb Ime-imIw hm kzc-tkm-ZI km[nXw

\ncavf eh-W-kvt\lw kznm-kzn--a-\--`pIv

amwk-taIw XX-ssh XrjnXx kpckw ]nt_

Ghw hn\nlrtX tZmtj imssIam-km ]cw-XXx

Zp_-emb {]bp-RvPoX {]mW-`r Imc`w ]bx
86

AYhm GsX-nepw ]g-n tIm]n k-s-smv hnjw hnkn-np B ]gs sshZy \-hw Btem-Nnv DZ-c-tcm-Knv Xnm sImSp--Ww. tZmjs W-n aY-\w-sNbvXp ths]-Sp-p-hm Ign-hp B hnjw \nanw Ahs hncp m\--fn-sen ebnp Dd-p-\n-evp--Xmb tZmj-k--b-samw W-n Ahn-sS-\n-n-fIn ]pd-tv t]mIp--Xm-Ip-p. hnjw-sImv tZmjw ]pd-tv t]mbn--gn-m Ahs\ XWp shw-sImv Ipfn-n-nv Ahs in--\p-k-cnp sshZy ]mtem Intbm IpSn-n--Ww. ]Ip Cetbm aWvUq-I-]n Cetbm bh-ns Cetbm hmkvXp-oc Cetbm Icn-th-n-etbm ]pfnbpw Dpw s\pw tNm-sX AXm-Xns kzc-k-n IqSp-X shp-t]m-ImsX ]mIw-sN-bvsX-Spp Am-lm-c--sfmpw Ign-msX Hcp amkw Xn-Ww. CXv Xn-Xn-\p-tijw Zml-ap--h ta]-d imI-ns kzckw Xs IpSn--Ww. C{]-Im-c-ap imI-t`m-P-\w-sImv tZmj- t]mbn--gn-m A\-cw Hcp-amkw Ign--Xn-\p-tijw _e-ln-\-\m-bn-p--hv {]W-[m-c-W-n klm-bn-p H-I-m D]-tbm-Kn--Ww.

CZ-p-i-ey-lXrWmw I-kymZv ZrjvS-IWmw

hmaw Ipnw-am-]-bnXzm \m`y [-Xp-cw-Kpew

am{Xm-bp-t\ ikvt{XW ]mS-tba-Xn-am`n-jIv

hn]m-Symw XXx ]mZv hoy-_---Xm-{tbmx

kn-jm-`yPy tIim-Zo-\-h-arPy hntam--tbm

aq-\m-Zy kwaq-V-a{w Xmh ta-tb.
87

_tm-Z-c-nepw tXm-Z-c-n-epw, ikv{X-{Inb sNbvXp ieys ]pd-tv If-tb--Xp-sImv ]cn-N-b-ap sshZy C{]-Imcw ikv{X-{Inb sN-Ww. \m`n-bpsS Imsg CS-p-h-iv \mev hnc \of-n Afv hnnv _pn-am-\mb sshZy AXn\v tbmPn--Xmb ikv{Xw-sImv hbdv Iod-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw Akv{Xs Ipd-N-SvNp-`mKw ]pd-t-s-Spp AhnsS Aev]w Iod-Ww. ]noSv AhnsS \-hw t\mn s\v ]pcn _tm-Z-c-ntm tXm-Z-c-ntm Imc-W-amb tamaw, Iv, aew, apv, apX-em-b-hsb Ign-In-bnv FSp-p-I-f-b-Ww. tcmam-Zn-I IqSp-X-em-bp-m-hp-I-\n-anw hf-p-Xn-cnp t]mb B{-ns Dn-ep tcmam-Zn-Ifpw FSp-p-I-fp t\sc-bm--Ww.

On{Zm-Wy-{-kyXp qsseZw-i-bn-Xzm-]n-]o-enssIx

_lpix kwKr-lo-Xm\n mXzm ]n]o-enImx

h{]-Xn-tbmssKx {]ssh-iym{w {]ssbx kothyZv hveWw-XXx

XYm PmtXm-ZIw k-ap-Zcw hy[-tbZv `njIv

hma-`mtK Xzt[m-\m-t` \mUnw-ZXzmN Kme-tb

hn{km-hyN hnar-ssZyhw thjvS-tb-Zzm-k-tkm-Z-cw.
88

tcmam-Zn-I-sfmw FSp-p-I-f--Xn-\p-tijw B{-ns On{Z-n-em-Is Ah Xn tbmPn-n-p-sh Xe-h--ap Ddp-p-I-tf-smv IpSn-n--Ww. Ddp-p-I ISnp B{-n-s-On{Zw \-hw IqSn-sb-p-I-m Ddp-p-I-fpsS Xe AhnsS \nn _mn-`mKw apdn-p-I-f-b-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw ]pd-p hb-d-dnse apdn Xpn-sI--Ww. A{]-Imcw Xs Fm-hn[ Ptem-Z-c-nepw sshZy \m`n-bpsS Xvsg CSp `mKv Xodn Zzm-c-ap-mn AXn Hcp Ipg IS-n-shp shw hmp If-b-Ww. sRn \-hw hmp-I-f--Xn-\p-tijw Ipg FSpp Ifp hb-dns\ hkv{Xw-sImv Npd-dn-s--Ww.

XYm-hkvXn hntc-Im-ssZavfm\w k--th-jvS-tb

\n{kptX ewLnXx t]bm-a-kvt\l ehWw ]nt_.
89

Fm DZ-c-tcm-K-nepw hkvXn-hn-tc-N-\m-Zn-I-tf-smv hbdv Npcp-n-bm hopw hbdv hom-Xn-cn-p-hm hkv{Xw-sImv hb-dns\ Npd-dn-s--Ww. hb-d-dn\nv sh-samw hmp-t]m-b-Xn-\p-tijw D]-hmkw A\pjvTn-Xmb tcmKn hni-p-s-n s\pw Dpw tNm In IpSn--Ww.

AXx ]c-p-jam-km oc-hr-n`-th-cx

{Xoam-km ]b-km-t]bmw ]nt_ {Xnwm-]n-t`m-P-tb

ktIm-c-Zqjw iymamIw ]bkm ƒeh-Ww-\cx

kwhkm-c-ssWh Ptb {]m]vX-ssh Ptem-Z-cw.
90

Ptem-Z-c-n ikv{X-{Inb Ign-m B a\p-jy Bdvamkw hsc ]mam{Xw Blm-c-amn Ign-p-Iq--Ww. ]ns aqp-am-kw-hsc ]m tNp s]mSn-b-cn-n IpSn--Ww. AXn-\p-tijw hc-Ins Acn-sIm-p-m-nb tNmtdm Nma-b-cn-tmtdm Dv tNmsX ]m tNp Ign--Ww. C{]-Imcw sNbvXm Hcp sImw sImp-Xs Ptem-Z-c-am-bn-o DZ-c-tcm-K-am-bmt]mepw ian-pw.

{]tbm-Km-Wm ktjm a\p-ocw {]tbm-P-tb

tZmjm-\p-_ cmw _e-ss-cym-ta-hN

{]tbm-Km-]-PnXmw Km\mw lnXw lypZcnWmw-]bx

k[mXp bmm\mw tZhm-\m-a-arXw bYm.
91

hmXm-Zn-tZm-j- ka-n-Xn-bn \nevp-hm-\p c-mbpw ico-c-nv _ehpw nc-Xbpw Dm-Ip-hm\pw Fm-hn[ {]tbm-K--fp-tSbpw tijw ]m D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. ha-\-hn-tc-N-\mZn {]tbm-K--tf-smv oWn--hpw DZ-c-tcm-Kn-Ipw k]vX-[m-Xp-fpw i-bnp ZpxJn-p--hpw ]m tZh-mv Aar-sX--t]mse lnX-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p.

`h-X-m{X

tlXpw {]m{Kp-]-a-jvSm\mw enwKw hymk-k-am-kXx

D]-{Z-hm Kco-bkvXzw kmym kmy-Xz-ta-hN

PmXm-PmXmw _penw-Km\n NnInkm-tm--hm-\rjnx

kam-k-hymk \nt-ssi-cp-Z-cmWmw NnInkntX
92

Fv hn[ DZ-c-tcm-K--fpsS tlXp, ]q-cq-]w, e-Ww, D]-{Z-h-hym-[n-I Fn-hsb Npcp--nepw hnkvX-cnpw IjvS-km-y-X, Akm-y-X, Fn-hbpw PmtXm-ZI e-Whpw APm-tXm-ZI e-Whpw NnInkbpw Npcp--nepw hnkvX-cnpw Cu DZ-c-Nn-Inkn-Xm-ym-b-n Bt{X-b-Ejn ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p.

CXy-n-thi IrtX-Xt{ Nc-I-{]Xn kwkvIrtX

NnInkn-X-mt\ DZc NnInknXw \ma

{Xtbm-Z-ti-ƒ ym-bx.

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